伦坡拉盆地热演化史及有利区带预测
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摘要
伦坡拉盆地是西藏地区已发现的最具油气勘探潜力的盆地,勘探前景广阔。为研究该区烃源岩热演化史和油气运聚规律,开展了钻井岩心分析、二维地震资料解释、单井热演化史模拟、油气运聚模拟及分析等研究工作。结果表明:①在W1和W2井牛堡组三段下亚段底部识别出厚层的浊积砂体;②始新世末期,受高热流和高地温梯度双重作用的影响,牛堡组二段中亚段烃源岩开始生烃,并一直持续至今,烃源岩的成熟呈现出西早东晚的趋势,期间油气主要在蒋日阿错凹陷和江加错凹陷发生少量运移,并在凹陷内部的隆起带及周缘聚集;③渐新世早期,爬错凹陷发生大规模运移,油气沿优势运移通道向北和向南,并通过断层向上覆地层运移。由此推测,在盆地北部的逆冲推覆带中段和南部冲断隆起带中西段,以及江加错凹陷的东部和爬错凹陷的西部存在10处有利油气聚集带。该研究成果为伦坡拉盆地的油气勘探提供了依据。
Lunpola Basin is the most oil-gas exploration potential basin found in Tibet,and has a broad prospect for exploration. In order to study the thermal evolution history of source rocks and the law of oil and gas migration and accumulation in this area,drilling core analysis,2-D seismic data interpretation,single well thermal evolution history modeling,simulation analysis of oil-gas migration and accumulation were carried out. The results show that:(1)Thick turbidite sand bodies were identified at the bottom of the lower submember of the third member of Niubao Formation in wells W1 and W2.(2)At the end of Eocene,affected by the double action of high heat flow and high geothermal gradient,the source rocks of the middle submember of the second member of the Niubao Formation began to generate hydrocarbons and the process has been continuing to this day. The maturation of source rocks tended to be early in the west and late in the east. During this period,a small amount of hydrocarbon mainly migrated in Jiangri Aco Sag and Jiangjiaco Sag,and accumulated in the uplift zone and its periphery in the sag.(3)In the early Oligocene,large-scale hydrocarbon migration took place in Pacuo Sag. Hydrocarbon migrated northward and southward along the dominant migration pathway and upward through faults. It is inferred that there are 10 favorable oil-gas accumulation zones in the middle part of the thrust nappe belt in the northern basin and in the middle and western part of the southern thrust uplift belt in the southern basin,as well as in the eastern part of Jiangjiacuo Sag and the western part of Pacuo Sag. The study results provide a basis for oil and gas exploration in Lunpola Basin.
Lunpola Basin is the most oil-gas exploration potential basin found in Tibet,and has a broad prospect for exploration. In order to study the thermal evolution history of source rocks and the law of oil and gas migration and accumulation in this area,drilling core analysis,2-D seismic data interpretation,single well thermal evolution history modeling,simulation analysis of oil-gas migration and accumulation were carried out. The results show that:(1)Thick turbidite sand bodies were identified at the bottom of the lower submember of the third member of Niubao Formation in wells W1 and W2.(2)At the end of Eocene,affected by the double action of high heat flow and high geothermal gradient,the source rocks of the middle submember of the second member of the Niubao Formation began to generate hydrocarbons and the process has been continuing to this day. The maturation of source rocks tended to be early in the west and late in the east. During this period,a small amount of hydrocarbon mainly migrated in Jiangri Aco Sag and Jiangjiaco Sag,and accumulated in the uplift zone and its periphery in the sag.(3)In the early Oligocene,large-scale hydrocarbon migration took place in Pacuo Sag. Hydrocarbon migrated northward and southward along the dominant migration pathway and upward through faults. It is inferred that there are 10 favorable oil-gas accumulation zones in the middle part of the thrust nappe belt in the northern basin and in the middle and western part of the southern thrust uplift belt in the southern basin,as well as in the eastern part of Jiangjiacuo Sag and the western part of Pacuo Sag. The study results provide a basis for oil and gas exploration in Lunpola Basin.
引文
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[2]刘中戎，曹强，何志勇.西藏伦坡拉盆地牛堡组一段沉积特征及勘探意义.地质科技情报，2017,36(6):174-180.LIU Z R,CAO Q,HE Z Y. Sedimentary characteristics and gasoil exploration significance of the first member of Niubao Formation in the Lunpola Basin,Tibet. Geological Science and Technology Information,2017,36(6):174-180.
[3]邱楠生.沉积盆地热历史恢复方法及其在油气勘探中的应用.海相油气地质，2005,10(2):45-51.QIU N S. Methods of thermal history reconstruction of sedimentary basins and their application in oil and gas exploration.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(2):45-51.
[4]吴群，彭金宁.川东北地区埋藏史及热史分析：以普光2井为例.石油实验地质，2013,35(2):133-138.WU Q,PENG J Y. Burial and thermal histories of northeastern Sichuan Basin:a case study of well Puguang 2. Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2013,35(2):133-138.
[5]何丽娟，黄方，刘琼颖，等.四川盆地早古生代构造-热演化特征.地球科学与环境学报，2014,36(2):10-17.HE L J,HUANG F,LIU Q Y,et al. Tectono-thermal evolution of Sichuan Basin in Early Paleozoic. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2014,36(2):10-17.
[6] SWEENEY J J,BURNHAM A K. Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics. AAPU Bulletin,1990,71(10):1559-1570.
[7] SUN J B,Chen W,YU S,et al. Study on zircon(U-Th）/He dating technique. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(6):1947-1956.
[8]周海，雷川.磷灰石裂变径迹（AFT）研究进展.西北地质，2013,46(1):168-177.ZHOU H,LEI C. The study progress in apatite fission track(AFT). Northwestern Geology,2013,46(1):168-177.
[9]任战利.利用磷灰石裂变径迹法研究鄂尔多斯盆地地热史.地球物理学报，1995(3):339-349.REN Z L. Thermal history of Ordos Basin assessed by apatite fission track analysis. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1995(3):339-349.
[10]任战利，田涛，李进步，等.沉积盆地热演化史研究方法与叠合盆地热演化史恢复研究进展.地球科学与环境学报，2014,36(3):1-21.REN Z L,TIAN T,LI J B,et al. Review on methods of thermal evolution history in sedimentary basins and thermal evolution history reconstruction of superimposed basins. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2014,36(3):1-21.
[11]任战利，于强，崔军平，等.鄂尔多斯盆地热演化史及其对油气的控制作用.地学前缘，2017,24(3):137-148.REN Z L,YU Q,CUI J P,et al. Thermal history and its controls on oil and gas of the Ordos Basin. Earth Science Frontiers,2017,24(3):137-148.
[12]杨华，付金华，刘新社，等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密气成藏条件与勘探开发.石油勘探与开发，2012,39(3):295-303.YANG H,FU J H,LIU X S,et al. Accumulation conditions and exploration and development of tight gas in the Upper Paleozoic of the Ordos Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):295-303.
[13]任战利，张盛，高胜利，等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造热演化史及其成藏成矿意义.中国科学D辑：地球科学，2007,37（增刊1):23-32.REN Z L,ZHANG S,GAO S L,et al. Tectonic thermal history and its significance on the formation of oil and gas accumulation and mineral deposit in Ordos Basin. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,37(Suppl 1):23-32.
[14]陶江龙.西藏双湖县多玛地区牛堡组—丁青湖组沉积环境分析.北京：中国地质大学（北京），2018.TAO J L. Sedimentary environment analysis of Niubao Formation-Dingqinghu Formation in Duoma area,Shuanghu,northern Tibet. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2018.
[15]杜佰伟，谭富文，陈明.西藏伦坡拉盆地沉积特征分析及油气地质分析.沉积与特提斯地质，2004,24(4):46-54.DU B W,TAN F W,CHEN M. Sedimentary features and petroleum geology of the Lunpola Basin,Tibet. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2004,24(4):46-54.
[16]艾华国，兰林英，朱宏权，等.伦坡拉第三纪盆地的形成机理和石油地质特征.石油学报，1998,19(2):21-27.AI H G,LAN L Y,ZHU H Q,et al. The forming mechanism and petroleum geology of Tertiary,Tibet Lumpola Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica,1998,19(2):21-27.
[17]谢尚克，王剑，付修根，等.西藏伦坡拉盆地丁青湖组油页岩特征及勘探有利区评价.沉积与特提斯地质，2018,38(2):55-63.XIE S K,WANG J,FU X G,et al. Sedimentary characteristics of the oil shales from the Dingqinghu Formation and evaluation of favorable oil shale exploration areas in the Lunpola Basin,Tibet. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2018,38(2):55-63.
[18]潘磊，曹强，刘一茗，等.伦坡拉盆地始新统牛堡组烃源岩成熟史.石油实验地质，2016,38(3):382-388.PAN L,CAO Q,LIU Y M,et al. Maturity history of source rocks in the Eocene Niubao Formation,Lunpola Basin. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(3):382-388.
[19]刘中戎，李祥权.青藏高原伦坡拉盆地晚期构造变形特征及应力机制分析.石油实验地质，2017,39(6):819-824.LIU Z R,LI X Q. Late tectonic deformation characteristics and stress mechanism in Lunpola Basin,Tibet Plateau. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(6):819-824.
[20]刘一茗，叶加仁，曹强，等.西藏伦坡拉盆地古近系牛堡组烃源岩预测与评价.地球科学，2017,42(4):601-612.LIU Y M,YE J R,CAO Q,et al. Preliminary prediction and evaluation of source rocks in the Lunpola Basin,Tibet,China.Earth Science,2017,42(4):601-612.
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