麦秸覆盖对土壤理化性质及夏花生生长发育的影响
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摘要
为研究麦秸覆盖与否对土壤理化性质、夏花生生长发育及产量的影响,采用随机区组试验,在花生夏直播平作模式下,调查麦秸覆盖与不覆盖处理的土壤物理性状、土壤酶活性、花生营养、生殖生长及产量、品质等指标的变化。结果表明,麦秸覆盖后,产量、饱果率、出仁率比未覆盖分别降低5.2%、9.8%、0.66%。麦秸覆盖显著影响了土壤理化性状,使得土壤温度、张力、容重、脲酶活性下降,土壤湿度、孔隙度和多酚氧化酶活性增加;同时,覆盖还影响了花生的营养生长,麦秸覆盖后显著降低了花生的主茎高、侧枝长、叶面积和叶片SPAD值;与不覆盖相比,麦秸覆盖降低了花生的开花量、果针数和结果数,最终导致产量降低。麦秸覆盖可改善土壤不良的理化性状,但覆盖后地温降低,延缓了花生的生育进程,不利于当季花生的生长发育及结实。研究结果为麦茬夏花生高产栽培技术的集成提供了理论依据。
Randomized block experimental design was used to investigate the changes in soil physical properties and enzyme activities, and the development, yield and quality of peanut under the wheat-straw mulching with the summer sowing and flat planting pattern. The yield, percentage of mature pods, and kernel percentage of the peanut were decreased by 5.2%, 9.8% and 0.66% under the wheat straw covering compared to no wheat straw covering,respectively. With the coverage of wheat straw, soil temperature, tension, bulk density and urease activities decreased,while soil moisture, porosity and polyphenol oxidase activities increased. Meanwhile, the wheat straw covering affected the vegetative growth of peanut, and reduced the main stem height, lateral branch length, leaf area and SPAD value.Compared with the no wheat straw mulching, the number of flowers, pegs and pods also were decreased, which reduced the peanut yield. The wheat straw covering improved soil properties, reduced soil temperature and slowed down the growth of peanut, which was not beneficial for peanut development and fructification in season. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield cultivation techniques of summer peanut under the wheat straw mulching.
Randomized block experimental design was used to investigate the changes in soil physical properties and enzyme activities, and the development, yield and quality of peanut under the wheat-straw mulching with the summer sowing and flat planting pattern. The yield, percentage of mature pods, and kernel percentage of the peanut were decreased by 5.2%, 9.8% and 0.66% under the wheat straw covering compared to no wheat straw covering,respectively. With the coverage of wheat straw, soil temperature, tension, bulk density and urease activities decreased,while soil moisture, porosity and polyphenol oxidase activities increased. Meanwhile, the wheat straw covering affected the vegetative growth of peanut, and reduced the main stem height, lateral branch length, leaf area and SPAD value.Compared with the no wheat straw mulching, the number of flowers, pegs and pods also were decreased, which reduced the peanut yield. The wheat straw covering improved soil properties, reduced soil temperature and slowed down the growth of peanut, which was not beneficial for peanut development and fructification in season. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield cultivation techniques of summer peanut under the wheat straw mulching.
引文
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[12]高秀君,张仁陆,杨招弟.不同耕作方式对旱地土壤酶活性动态的影响[J].土壤通报, 2008, 39(5):1012-1016
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[14]蔡太义,黄会娟,黄耀武,等.中国旱作农区不同量秸秆覆盖综合效应研究进展Ⅱ.不同量秸秆覆盖的农作物生理效应及研究存在问题与展望[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(6):108-133
[15]游来勇,李冰,王昌全,等.秸秆还田量对麦-稻轮作体系作物产量、氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].核农学报, 2015, 29(12):2394-2401
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[19]尹宝重,甄文超,郭丽果.海河低平原不同耕作方式下麦田土壤生态环境特征[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(1):186-194.
[20]颜路明,郭祥泉.盐碱胁迫对香樟幼苗根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤, 2017, 49(4):733-737.
[21]丁世杰,熊淑萍,马新明,等.耕作方式与施氮量对小麦-玉米复种系统玉米季土壤氮素转化及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017, 28(1):142-150
[22]张聪,慕平,尚建明.长期持续秸秆还田对土壤理化特性、酶活性和产量性状的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2018, 25(1):92-98.
[23]李鹏程,董合林,刘爱忠,等.棉花上部叶片叶绿素SPAD值动态变化研究[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(3):121-126
[24]杨富军,赵长星,闫萌萌,等.栽培方式对夏直播花生植株生长及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2013, 29(3):141-146
[25] Rahman M A, Chikushi J, Saifizzaman M, et al. Rice straw mulching and nitrogen response of no-till wheat following rice in Bangladesh[J]. Field Crops Research, 2005, 91(1):71-81
[26]司贤宗,张翔,毛家伟,等.起垄覆盖秸秆对花生生长发育及养分利用的影响[J].山西农业科学, 2016, 44(9):1287-1290
[27]司贤宗,张翔,毛家伟,等.起垄覆盖秸秆对土壤理化性质及花生产量和质量的影响[J].花生学报, 2016, 45(2):38-43
[28] Ferial M R, Walid D S, Mohamed A M. Bioconversion of rice straw and certain agro-industrial wastes to amendments for organic farming systems:1.Composting, quality, stability and maturity indices[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(15):5952-5960
[29]徐小林,吴昌强,李大明,等,周利军,叶会财,黄欠如.稻草覆盖对花生木薯间作系统产量和土壤性状的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2017, 33(29):19-24.
[30]赵鹏,陈阜,马新明,等.麦玉两熟秸秆还田对作物产量和农田氮素平衡的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2010, 28(2):162-166
[2]唐晓雪,刘明,江春玉,等.不同秸秆还田方式对红壤性质及花生生长的影响[J].土壤, 2015, 47(2):324-328
[3]杨志晓,杨铁钊,张小全,等.不同覆盖方式对烤烟生理特性及产量、品质的影响[J].土壤通报, 2010, 41(2):420-424
[4]战秀梅,彭靖,李秀龙,等.耕作及秸秆还田方式对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].华北农学报, 2014, 29(3):204-209
[5]江燕,史春余,王振振,等.地膜覆盖对耕层土壤温度水分和甘薯产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(61):627-634
[6]张向前,卞新民,黄国勤,等.秸秆覆盖和根系互作对间作玉米生理特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(4):66-72
[7]王成刚,史海滨,李瑞平,等.高寒区大豆覆膜种植增温增产效应研究[J].土壤通报, 2015, 46(3):550-555
[8]夏芳琴,姜小凤,董博,等.不同覆盖时期和方式对旱地马铃薯土壤水热条件和产量的影响[J].核农学报, 2014, 28(7):1327-1333
[9]王改玲,李立科,郝明德.长期施肥和秸秆覆盖土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数变化[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):20-26
[10]张英英,蔡立群,武均,等.不同耕作措施下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤活性有机碳组分及其与酶活性间的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2017, 35(1):1-7
[11]杨招弟,蔡立群,张仁陆,等.不同耕作方式对旱地土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报, 2008, 39(3):514-517
[12]高秀君,张仁陆,杨招弟.不同耕作方式对旱地土壤酶活性动态的影响[J].土壤通报, 2008, 39(5):1012-1016
[13] SINGH B, HUMPHREYS E, EBERBACH P L, et al. Growth, yield and water productivity of zero till wheat as affected by rice straw mulch and irrigation schedule[J].Field Crop Research, 2011, 121(2):209-225
[14]蔡太义,黄会娟,黄耀武,等.中国旱作农区不同量秸秆覆盖综合效应研究进展Ⅱ.不同量秸秆覆盖的农作物生理效应及研究存在问题与展望[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(6):108-133
[15]游来勇,李冰,王昌全,等.秸秆还田量对麦-稻轮作体系作物产量、氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].核农学报, 2015, 29(12):2394-2401
[16]刘光崧.土壤理化分析与剖面描述[M].北京:中国标准出版社.1996
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社. 1999
[18]周礼恺,张志明.土壤酶活性的测定方法[J].土壤通报, 1980, 11(5):37-38
[19]尹宝重,甄文超,郭丽果.海河低平原不同耕作方式下麦田土壤生态环境特征[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(1):186-194.
[20]颜路明,郭祥泉.盐碱胁迫对香樟幼苗根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤, 2017, 49(4):733-737.
[21]丁世杰,熊淑萍,马新明,等.耕作方式与施氮量对小麦-玉米复种系统玉米季土壤氮素转化及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017, 28(1):142-150
[22]张聪,慕平,尚建明.长期持续秸秆还田对土壤理化特性、酶活性和产量性状的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2018, 25(1):92-98.
[23]李鹏程,董合林,刘爱忠,等.棉花上部叶片叶绿素SPAD值动态变化研究[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(3):121-126
[24]杨富军,赵长星,闫萌萌,等.栽培方式对夏直播花生植株生长及产量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2013, 29(3):141-146
[25] Rahman M A, Chikushi J, Saifizzaman M, et al. Rice straw mulching and nitrogen response of no-till wheat following rice in Bangladesh[J]. Field Crops Research, 2005, 91(1):71-81
[26]司贤宗,张翔,毛家伟,等.起垄覆盖秸秆对花生生长发育及养分利用的影响[J].山西农业科学, 2016, 44(9):1287-1290
[27]司贤宗,张翔,毛家伟,等.起垄覆盖秸秆对土壤理化性质及花生产量和质量的影响[J].花生学报, 2016, 45(2):38-43
[28] Ferial M R, Walid D S, Mohamed A M. Bioconversion of rice straw and certain agro-industrial wastes to amendments for organic farming systems:1.Composting, quality, stability and maturity indices[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(15):5952-5960
[29]徐小林,吴昌强,李大明,等,周利军,叶会财,黄欠如.稻草覆盖对花生木薯间作系统产量和土壤性状的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2017, 33(29):19-24.
[30]赵鹏,陈阜,马新明,等.麦玉两熟秸秆还田对作物产量和农田氮素平衡的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2010, 28(2):162-166
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