岩石蠕变-冲击试验研究——现状与展望
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摘要
在深部岩体工程中,爆破等开挖扰动是触发岩爆的关键性因素,然而岩爆通常是滞后于爆破扰动一段时间才发生,表现出明显的时滞性,这给岩爆的预测和预警带来了巨大的困难。岩石蠕变-冲击力学行为的研究是揭示滞后型岩爆的力学基础。因此,蠕变-冲击受力条件下岩石的力学特性研究具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。本文阐述了岩石蠕变-冲击力学特性研究的工程背景及意义,重点介绍了蠕变加载条件下岩石的力学特性、岩石蠕变-冲击试验研究的现状,并综述了蠕变-冲击载荷下岩石力学行为的研究进展。在此基础上,展望了岩石蠕变-冲击力学研究的未来发展趋势,其中包括试验设备的改进与试验方法、蠕变-冲击过程中岩石的损伤表征、岩石在蠕变-冲击条件下的本构关系、该试验研究对于岩体损伤与破坏预测预警的理论意义等方面,指出了未来岩石蠕变-冲击力学性能研究的方向。
The excavation disturbances,such as blasting,play a crucial role to trigger the rockburst in deep rock mass engineering. However,the rockburst usually lags behind the blasting disturbances,which brings great difficulties to predict rockburst and provide early-warnings. Therefore,there is of great importance in both theoretical and practical perspectives to study the mechanical behavior of rock under the creep-impact loading. To begin with,the engineering background and significance of the mechanical characteristics of rock under the creep-impact loading are presented.Then,the mechanical properties of rock under creep loading and research progresses of rock under the creep-impact loading test are reviewed. Meanwhile,the mechanical behaviors of rock under the creep-impact loading conducted by the authors are introduced. On this basis,this paper provides the research prospect of the rock creep-impact loading,which includes the improvement of test machine and method,damage characterization and establishment of constitutive relation of rock under creep-impact loading,theoretical significance for predicting and early-warning of rock damage and failure and so on. In the end,this paper also points out the future development of creep-impact test of rock.
The excavation disturbances,such as blasting,play a crucial role to trigger the rockburst in deep rock mass engineering. However,the rockburst usually lags behind the blasting disturbances,which brings great difficulties to predict rockburst and provide early-warnings. Therefore,there is of great importance in both theoretical and practical perspectives to study the mechanical behavior of rock under the creep-impact loading. To begin with,the engineering background and significance of the mechanical characteristics of rock under the creep-impact loading are presented.Then,the mechanical properties of rock under creep loading and research progresses of rock under the creep-impact loading test are reviewed. Meanwhile,the mechanical behaviors of rock under the creep-impact loading conducted by the authors are introduced. On this basis,this paper provides the research prospect of the rock creep-impact loading,which includes the improvement of test machine and method,damage characterization and establishment of constitutive relation of rock under creep-impact loading,theoretical significance for predicting and early-warning of rock damage and failure and so on. In the end,this paper also points out the future development of creep-impact test of rock.
引文
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[6]李庶林,尹贤刚,李爱兵.多通道微震监测技术在大爆破余震监测中的应用[A].全国岩石动力学学术会议[C]. 2005.
[7]姜耀东,赵毅鑫,宋彦琦,等.放炮震动诱发煤矿巷道动力失稳机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3131-3136.JIANG Yaodong,ZHAO Yixin,SONG Yanqi,et al. Analysis of blasting tremor impact on roadway stability in coal mining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3131-3136.
[8]李希勇,张修峰.典型深部重大冲击地压事故原因分析及防治对策[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(2):16-18.LI Xiyong,ZHANG Xiufeng. Accident cause analysis and prevention measures of typical deep mine heavy pressure bump[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2003,31(2):16-18.
[9]徐学锋,张银亮.爆破诱发冲击矿压的原因及微震信号的波谱分析[J].煤矿安全,2010,41(9):123-125.XU Xuefeng,ZHANG Yinliang. The causes of blasting-induced burst and analysis on the microseismic signal spectral[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2010,41(9):123-125.
[10]杨安林,赵桂连.锦屏辅助洞工程岩爆特征与防治综述[J].人民长江,2009,40(16):47-48.YANG Anlin,ZHAO Guilian. Characteristics of rockburst in auxiliary tunnel and its prevention and control of Jinping Hydropower Project[J]. Yangtze River,2009,40(16):47-48.
[11]李永刚,徐国元,易洋来,等.控制巷道岩爆的爆破卸压法[J].采矿技术,2006,6(4):23-25.LI Yonggang,XU Guoyuan,YI Yanglai,et al. Blasting pressure relief method for controlling rockburst in roadway[J]. Mining Technology,2006,6(4):23-25.
[12]徐则民,黄润秋.岩爆与爆破的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):414-419.XU Zemin, HUANG Runqiu. Relationship between rock burst and blasting[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):414-419.
[13]李春杰,李洪奇.秦岭隧道岩爆特征与施工处理[J].现代隧道技术,1999(1):36-41.LI Chunjie, LI Hongqi. Rock burst characteristics and treatment methods in Qinling tunnel[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology,1999(1):36-41.
[14]张津生,陆家佑,贾愚如.天生桥二级水电站引水隧洞岩爆研究[J].水力发电,1991(10):34-37.ZHANG Jinsheng,LU Jiayou,JIA Yuru. Study on rockburst in diversion tunnel of TianshengqiaoⅡhydropower station[J]. Water Power,1991(10):34-37.
[15]邹成杰.地下工程中岩爆灾害发生规律与岩爆预测问题的研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1992(4):50-55.ZHOU Chengjie. Study on the law of occurring rockburst hazard in underground engineering and its forecasting[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1992(4):50-55.
[16]徐思朋,缪协兴.冲击地压的时间效应研究现状[J].矿业安全与环保,2001,28(2):27-29.XU Sipeng,MIAO Xiexing. Advance of study on time effect of rockburst[J]. Mining Safety&Environmental Protection,2001,28(2):27-29.
[17] ZHU W C,LI Z H,ZHU L,et al. Numerical simulation on rockburst of underground opening triggered by dynamic disturbance[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2010,25(5):587-599.
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