混农林业对石漠化地区土壤环境的影响及其应用
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摘要
土壤环境变化是恢复生态学研究的重要内容之一,加强混农林的立体优化配置,有利于控制水土流失、改善土壤环境质量和提高生态脆弱区的生态和经济效益。文中系统总结混农林业对石漠化地区土壤水分、养分、生物特征的影响,阐明在石漠化极端脆弱生态环境条件下,林木与农作物存在的水肥竞争以及复合农田中树龄较小时对土壤生物活性的抑制作用,进一步从石漠化地区土壤环境角度对混农林业的水分利用策略、乡土树种的选择搭配、有益土壤生物的应用等方面提出建议,以期为喀斯特石漠化地区提高土地生产力、控制水土流失、发展立体生态农业等提供参考。
Soil environmental change is one of the important research field of restoration ecology. Strengthening the vertically optimized configuration of agroforestry will help control soil and water loss, ameliorate soil environment quality and improve the ecological and economic benefits of ecologically fragile areas. This paper systematically summarized the effects of agroforestry on soil moisture content, nutrient and bioactivity characteristics in rocky desertification areas, and clarified the competition of water and fertilizer in forests and crops under the extremely fragile ecological environment of rocky desertification and the inhibitory role of small-aged trees on the soil bioactivity in the compound farmland. The suggestions were proposed for water use strategy of agroforestry, the selection and configuration of native tree species, and the application of beneficial organisms from the perspective of soil environment in rocky desertification areas. This study was expected to provide references for improving land productivity, controlling soil erosion and developing vertical ecological agriculture in karst rocky desertification areas.
Soil environmental change is one of the important research field of restoration ecology. Strengthening the vertically optimized configuration of agroforestry will help control soil and water loss, ameliorate soil environment quality and improve the ecological and economic benefits of ecologically fragile areas. This paper systematically summarized the effects of agroforestry on soil moisture content, nutrient and bioactivity characteristics in rocky desertification areas, and clarified the competition of water and fertilizer in forests and crops under the extremely fragile ecological environment of rocky desertification and the inhibitory role of small-aged trees on the soil bioactivity in the compound farmland. The suggestions were proposed for water use strategy of agroforestry, the selection and configuration of native tree species, and the application of beneficial organisms from the perspective of soil environment in rocky desertification areas. This study was expected to provide references for improving land productivity, controlling soil erosion and developing vertical ecological agriculture in karst rocky desertification areas.
引文
[1]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题 [J].地理学报,2012,67(7):878-888.
[2]JIANG Z C,LIAN Y Q,QIN X Q.Rocky desertification in Southwest China:impacts, causes, and restoration [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,132(3):1-12.
[3]袁道先.岩溶石漠化问题的全球视野和我国的治理对策与经验 [J].草业科学,2008,25(9):19-25.
[4]肖华,熊康宁,张浩.喀斯特石漠化治理模式研究进展 [J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(增刊1):330-334.
[5]袁玉欣,裴保华,王九龄,等.国外混农林业系统中林木与农作物的相互关系研究进展 [J].世界林业研究,1999,12(6):13-17.
[6]JOSE S.Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits: an overview [J].Agroforestry Systems,2009,76(1):1-10.
[7]黄宝龙,黄文丁.林农复合经营生态体系的研究 [J].生态学杂志,1991,10 (3):27-32.
[8]何园球,樊剑波,陈晏,等.红壤丘陵区农林复合生态系统研究与展望 [J].土壤,2015,47(2):229-237.
[9]孟庆岩,王兆骞,姜曙千.我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究 [J].自然资源学报,2000,15(1):61-65.
[10]李杰,彭方仁,黄宝龙.农林复合系统种群互作研究进展 [J].世界林业研究,1999,12(5):10-14.
[11]张劲松,孟平,尹昌君,等.农林复合系统的水分生态特征研究述评 [J].世界林业研究,2003,16(1):10-14.
[12]卢志兴,李可力,张念念,等.紫胶玉米混农林模式对地表蚂蚁多样性及功能群的影响 [J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(1):81-89.
[13]李生宝,将齐,赵世伟,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区退化生态系统恢复技术与模式[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:99.
[14]王来,高鹏翔,刘滨,等.农林复合对近地面微气候环境的影响 [J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):21-25.
[15]SAHIN H,ANDERSON S H,UDAWATTA R P.Water infiltration and soil water content in claypan soils influenced by agroforestry and grass buffers compared to row crop management [J].Agroforestry Systems,2016,90(5):839-860.
[16]尹飞,熊瑛,李友军,等.农林复合生态系统土壤特征研究进展 [J].河南农业科学,2009,38(2):16-20.
[17]陈春峰,刘文杰,吴骏恩,等.西双版纳橡胶农林复合系统土壤团聚体稳定性研究 [J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(1):49-56.
[18]赵斯,赵雨森,王林,等.东北黑土区农林复合土壤效应 [J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(5):68-70.
[19]马仲武.黄土丘陵沟壑区林草间作地土壤水分特征研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.
[20]蒋光毅,黄先智,史东梅,等.石漠化区桑树地埂的土壤水分特征研究 [J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):215-221.
[21]霍高鹏,赵西宁,高晓东,等.黄土丘陵区枣农复合系统土壤水分利用与竞争 [J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2043-2054.
[22]赵英,张斌.低丘红壤区农林间作系统水分利用竞争性评价[J].土壤,2012,44(4):671-679.
[23]孙守家,孟平,张劲松,等.华北石质山区核桃-绿豆复合系统氘同位素变化及其水分利用 [J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3717-3726.
[24]郭颖,聂朝俊,向仰州,等.不同核桃农林复合经营模式对土壤肥力的影响 [J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):391-397.
[25]贾树海,李明,邢兆凯,等.不同农林复合模式对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响 [J].土壤通报,2014,45(3):648-653.
[26]SINGH Y P,GUBACHAN S,SHARMA D K.Bio-amelioration of alkali soils through agroforestry system sincentral indo-gangetic plains of India [J].Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(4):887-896.
[27]ALBRECHT A,KANDJI S T.Carbon sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems [J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2003,99(1):15-27.
[28]PEICHL M,?QUIST M,LOFVENIUS M O,et al.A 12-year record reveals pre-growing season temperature and water table level threshold effects on the net carbon dioxide exchange in a boreal fen [J].Environmental Research Letters,2014,9(5):055006.DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055006.
[29]丁志磊,李元,蒋翔,等.不同缓释肥施用比例对桃树-大豆间作农田地表径流氮、磷流失及土壤养分的影响 [J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):301-305.
[30]柏勇,杜静,杨婷,等.不同水土保持措施对石漠化区水土流失的影响 [J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(2):103-110.
[31]汪明冲,张新长,李辉霞,等.喀斯特石漠化生态恢复过程中土壤质量变化分析:以古周生态恢复重建区为例 [J].生态环境学报,2016,25(6):947-955.
[32]司彬,姚小华,任华东,等.滇东喀斯特植被恢复演替过程中土壤理化性质分析 [J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):145-148.
[33]吴韬.柏木低效林生态经济型改造对土壤动物和养分动态的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.
[34]ARAUJO A S F,LEITE L F C,IWATA B D F,et al.Microbiological process in agroforestry systems:a review [J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2012,32(1):215-226.
[35]KAUR B,GUPTA S R,SINGH G.Soil carbon, microbial activity and nitrogen availability in agroforestry systems on moderately alkaline soils in northern India [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15(3):283-294.
[36]陈浒,熊康宁,刘忠斌,等.基于生物多样性保护的河头喀斯特土地整理探索 [J].地球与环境,2011,39(4):450-455.
[37]王仙攀,陈浒,熊康宁,等.喀斯特石漠化地区土壤动物功能类群及培育研究 [J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(12):191-195.
[38]刘旭辉,覃勇荣,邹振旺,等.广西石漠化地区不同植被恢复样地的土壤微生物量比较 [J].河池学院学报,2014,34(5):14-22.
[39]梅再美.贵州喀斯特脆弱生态区退耕还林还草与节水型混农林业发展的途径探讨 [J].中国岩溶,2003,22(4):44-49.
[40]吴清林,梁虹,熊康宁,等.石漠化环境水土综合整治与山地混农林业前沿理论与对策 [J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):11-18,33.
[41]FEBRUARY E,HIGGINS S,BOND W J.Using stable water isotopes to determine the depth of water used by different sizes of savanna trees [J].South African Journal of Botany,2007,73(2):287-287.
[42]刘钰,汪林,倪广恒,等.中国主要作物灌溉需水量空间分布特征 [J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):6-12.
[43]云雷,毕华兴,马雯静,等.晋西黄土区果农间作土壤养分空间分布 [J].农业工程学报,2010,26(增刊1):292-299.
[44]王婷,马亮,马英杰.干旱区枣棉复合系统细根空间分布特征及种间地下竞争关系 [J].西北农林科技大学学报,2017,45(1):54-60.
[45]UDAWATTA R P,KREMER R J,GARRETT H E,et al.Soil enzyme activities and physical properties in a watershed managed under agroforestry and row-crop systems [J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2009,131(1):98-104.
[46]SRIVASTAVA A K,TRIPATHI S N,DEY S,et al.Inferring aerosol composition over the Indo-Gangetic basin from ground based sunphotometer measurements [J].Atmospheric Research,2012,109/110(7):64-75.
[47]KARANGWA P,BLOMME G,BEED F,et al.The distribution and incidence of banana Fusarium wilt in subsistence farming systems in east and central Africa [J].Crop Protection,2016,84:132-140.
[48]段倩倩,杨晓红,黄先智.石漠化地区生态桑林根际土壤微生物资源多样性研究 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(7):25-29.
[49]池永宽.石漠化治理中农草林草空间优化配置技术与示范[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2015.
[2]JIANG Z C,LIAN Y Q,QIN X Q.Rocky desertification in Southwest China:impacts, causes, and restoration [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2014,132(3):1-12.
[3]袁道先.岩溶石漠化问题的全球视野和我国的治理对策与经验 [J].草业科学,2008,25(9):19-25.
[4]肖华,熊康宁,张浩.喀斯特石漠化治理模式研究进展 [J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(增刊1):330-334.
[5]袁玉欣,裴保华,王九龄,等.国外混农林业系统中林木与农作物的相互关系研究进展 [J].世界林业研究,1999,12(6):13-17.
[6]JOSE S.Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits: an overview [J].Agroforestry Systems,2009,76(1):1-10.
[7]黄宝龙,黄文丁.林农复合经营生态体系的研究 [J].生态学杂志,1991,10 (3):27-32.
[8]何园球,樊剑波,陈晏,等.红壤丘陵区农林复合生态系统研究与展望 [J].土壤,2015,47(2):229-237.
[9]孟庆岩,王兆骞,姜曙千.我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究 [J].自然资源学报,2000,15(1):61-65.
[10]李杰,彭方仁,黄宝龙.农林复合系统种群互作研究进展 [J].世界林业研究,1999,12(5):10-14.
[11]张劲松,孟平,尹昌君,等.农林复合系统的水分生态特征研究述评 [J].世界林业研究,2003,16(1):10-14.
[12]卢志兴,李可力,张念念,等.紫胶玉米混农林模式对地表蚂蚁多样性及功能群的影响 [J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(1):81-89.
[13]李生宝,将齐,赵世伟,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区退化生态系统恢复技术与模式[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:99.
[14]王来,高鹏翔,刘滨,等.农林复合对近地面微气候环境的影响 [J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(5):21-25.
[15]SAHIN H,ANDERSON S H,UDAWATTA R P.Water infiltration and soil water content in claypan soils influenced by agroforestry and grass buffers compared to row crop management [J].Agroforestry Systems,2016,90(5):839-860.
[16]尹飞,熊瑛,李友军,等.农林复合生态系统土壤特征研究进展 [J].河南农业科学,2009,38(2):16-20.
[17]陈春峰,刘文杰,吴骏恩,等.西双版纳橡胶农林复合系统土壤团聚体稳定性研究 [J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(1):49-56.
[18]赵斯,赵雨森,王林,等.东北黑土区农林复合土壤效应 [J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(5):68-70.
[19]马仲武.黄土丘陵沟壑区林草间作地土壤水分特征研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.
[20]蒋光毅,黄先智,史东梅,等.石漠化区桑树地埂的土壤水分特征研究 [J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):215-221.
[21]霍高鹏,赵西宁,高晓东,等.黄土丘陵区枣农复合系统土壤水分利用与竞争 [J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2043-2054.
[22]赵英,张斌.低丘红壤区农林间作系统水分利用竞争性评价[J].土壤,2012,44(4):671-679.
[23]孙守家,孟平,张劲松,等.华北石质山区核桃-绿豆复合系统氘同位素变化及其水分利用 [J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3717-3726.
[24]郭颖,聂朝俊,向仰州,等.不同核桃农林复合经营模式对土壤肥力的影响 [J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):391-397.
[25]贾树海,李明,邢兆凯,等.不同农林复合模式对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响 [J].土壤通报,2014,45(3):648-653.
[26]SINGH Y P,GUBACHAN S,SHARMA D K.Bio-amelioration of alkali soils through agroforestry system sincentral indo-gangetic plains of India [J].Journal of Forestry Research,2014,25(4):887-896.
[27]ALBRECHT A,KANDJI S T.Carbon sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems [J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2003,99(1):15-27.
[28]PEICHL M,?QUIST M,LOFVENIUS M O,et al.A 12-year record reveals pre-growing season temperature and water table level threshold effects on the net carbon dioxide exchange in a boreal fen [J].Environmental Research Letters,2014,9(5):055006.DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055006.
[29]丁志磊,李元,蒋翔,等.不同缓释肥施用比例对桃树-大豆间作农田地表径流氮、磷流失及土壤养分的影响 [J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):301-305.
[30]柏勇,杜静,杨婷,等.不同水土保持措施对石漠化区水土流失的影响 [J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(2):103-110.
[31]汪明冲,张新长,李辉霞,等.喀斯特石漠化生态恢复过程中土壤质量变化分析:以古周生态恢复重建区为例 [J].生态环境学报,2016,25(6):947-955.
[32]司彬,姚小华,任华东,等.滇东喀斯特植被恢复演替过程中土壤理化性质分析 [J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):145-148.
[33]吴韬.柏木低效林生态经济型改造对土壤动物和养分动态的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.
[34]ARAUJO A S F,LEITE L F C,IWATA B D F,et al.Microbiological process in agroforestry systems:a review [J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2012,32(1):215-226.
[35]KAUR B,GUPTA S R,SINGH G.Soil carbon, microbial activity and nitrogen availability in agroforestry systems on moderately alkaline soils in northern India [J].Applied Soil Ecology,2000,15(3):283-294.
[36]陈浒,熊康宁,刘忠斌,等.基于生物多样性保护的河头喀斯特土地整理探索 [J].地球与环境,2011,39(4):450-455.
[37]王仙攀,陈浒,熊康宁,等.喀斯特石漠化地区土壤动物功能类群及培育研究 [J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(12):191-195.
[38]刘旭辉,覃勇荣,邹振旺,等.广西石漠化地区不同植被恢复样地的土壤微生物量比较 [J].河池学院学报,2014,34(5):14-22.
[39]梅再美.贵州喀斯特脆弱生态区退耕还林还草与节水型混农林业发展的途径探讨 [J].中国岩溶,2003,22(4):44-49.
[40]吴清林,梁虹,熊康宁,等.石漠化环境水土综合整治与山地混农林业前沿理论与对策 [J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):11-18,33.
[41]FEBRUARY E,HIGGINS S,BOND W J.Using stable water isotopes to determine the depth of water used by different sizes of savanna trees [J].South African Journal of Botany,2007,73(2):287-287.
[42]刘钰,汪林,倪广恒,等.中国主要作物灌溉需水量空间分布特征 [J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):6-12.
[43]云雷,毕华兴,马雯静,等.晋西黄土区果农间作土壤养分空间分布 [J].农业工程学报,2010,26(增刊1):292-299.
[44]王婷,马亮,马英杰.干旱区枣棉复合系统细根空间分布特征及种间地下竞争关系 [J].西北农林科技大学学报,2017,45(1):54-60.
[45]UDAWATTA R P,KREMER R J,GARRETT H E,et al.Soil enzyme activities and physical properties in a watershed managed under agroforestry and row-crop systems [J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2009,131(1):98-104.
[46]SRIVASTAVA A K,TRIPATHI S N,DEY S,et al.Inferring aerosol composition over the Indo-Gangetic basin from ground based sunphotometer measurements [J].Atmospheric Research,2012,109/110(7):64-75.
[47]KARANGWA P,BLOMME G,BEED F,et al.The distribution and incidence of banana Fusarium wilt in subsistence farming systems in east and central Africa [J].Crop Protection,2016,84:132-140.
[48]段倩倩,杨晓红,黄先智.石漠化地区生态桑林根际土壤微生物资源多样性研究 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(7):25-29.
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