生物炭对温室黄瓜不同连作年限土壤养分和微生物群落多样性的影响
|
摘要
以温室黄瓜连作6年和10年土壤添加质量比为5%生物炭为处理,以不添加生物炭为对照,采用桶栽的方法,研究了生物炭对不同年限连作土壤养分和微生物群落多样性的影响.结果表明:与连作土壤相比,生物炭处理的连作6年土壤的黄瓜单株产量提高11.4%,连作10年土壤产量提高62.8%.施入生物炭显著降低了2种连作土壤容重,显著提高了有机质、速效磷含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)和pH;显著提高了土壤细菌数量和细菌/真菌,降低了真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量,使土壤类型由真菌型向细菌型转变,尤其对连作10年土壤作用最为明显,土壤细菌和细菌/真菌分别是未处理的2.00和3.64倍,真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量分别是未处理的54.8%和55.9%.土壤微生物群落碳源利用分析表明,10年连作土壤施入生物炭可显著提高土壤微生物活性、Shannon指数和均匀度指数,分别是未处理的1.50、2.14和1.31倍,同时显著提高了土壤微生物对糖类、氨基酸类、酚酸类和胺类碳源的利用强度,分别是未处理的1.62、1.81、1.74和1.93倍.相关性分析表明,土壤容重、速效磷含量、CEC和pH 4个指标对微生物群落变化的影响较显著.综上,生物炭通过对连作土壤理化性质及土壤微生物生态系统的改善,优化了黄瓜根区环境,促进了黄瓜产量的提高,缓解了温室黄瓜连作障碍.
In this study, we examined the effects of biochar addition on the soil nutrition and microbial community diversity in continuous cultivated cucumber soils, using 95% soils of planting cucumbers for 6 and 10 years mixed with 5% biochar as treatment and no biochar addition as control, all plants cultivated in the pots. The results showed that adding biochar increased per plant yield of cucumber by 11.4% and 62.8% compared with continuous cropping soil of 6 years and 10 years, respectively. Biochar addition significantly decreased two continuous cropping soils bulk density, increased the content of soil organic matter, available P content, cation exchange capacity(CEC) and soil pH. Meanwhile, biochar addition remarkably improved the abundance of bacteria, ratio of bacteria/fungi, but reduced the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum, which made fungal type soil turn to bacterial type soil. For 10 years continuous cropping soils of adding biochar, the abundance of soil bacteria and bacteria/fungi ratio were 2.00 and 3.64 times to that in the control, respectively, and the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum were decreased by 54.8% and 55.9%, respectively. Biochar addition significantly enhanced soil microbial activities, soil microbial Shannon and McIntosh indexes of 10 years soil by 1.50, 2.14 and 1.31 times, respectively. For continuous cropping soil of 10 years, biochar addition significantly increased microbial utilization abilities of carbohydrate, amino acid, phenolic acid and amine by 1.62, 1.81, 1.74 and 1.93 times, respectively. There were remarkable influences of soil bulk density, available P content, CEC, and pH value to changes of soil microbial community. In conclusion, biochar addition optimized the riphzosphere environment, increased cucumber yield, and alleviated continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil microbial community.
In this study, we examined the effects of biochar addition on the soil nutrition and microbial community diversity in continuous cultivated cucumber soils, using 95% soils of planting cucumbers for 6 and 10 years mixed with 5% biochar as treatment and no biochar addition as control, all plants cultivated in the pots. The results showed that adding biochar increased per plant yield of cucumber by 11.4% and 62.8% compared with continuous cropping soil of 6 years and 10 years, respectively. Biochar addition significantly decreased two continuous cropping soils bulk density, increased the content of soil organic matter, available P content, cation exchange capacity(CEC) and soil pH. Meanwhile, biochar addition remarkably improved the abundance of bacteria, ratio of bacteria/fungi, but reduced the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum, which made fungal type soil turn to bacterial type soil. For 10 years continuous cropping soils of adding biochar, the abundance of soil bacteria and bacteria/fungi ratio were 2.00 and 3.64 times to that in the control, respectively, and the abundance of fungi and fusarium oxysporum were decreased by 54.8% and 55.9%, respectively. Biochar addition significantly enhanced soil microbial activities, soil microbial Shannon and McIntosh indexes of 10 years soil by 1.50, 2.14 and 1.31 times, respectively. For continuous cropping soil of 10 years, biochar addition significantly increased microbial utilization abilities of carbohydrate, amino acid, phenolic acid and amine by 1.62, 1.81, 1.74 and 1.93 times, respectively. There were remarkable influences of soil bulk density, available P content, CEC, and pH value to changes of soil microbial community. In conclusion, biochar addition optimized the riphzosphere environment, increased cucumber yield, and alleviated continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil microbial community.
引文
[1] Wu C-C (武春成), Li T-L (李天来), Cao X (曹霞), et al. Effects of nutrition medium on cucumber growth and soil microenvironment in greenhouse under continuous cropping. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(5): 1401-1407 (in Chinese)
[2] Guo S-R (郭世荣), Sun J (孙锦), Shu S (束胜), et al. Analysis of general situation, characteristics, existing problems and development trend of protected horticulture in China. China Vegetables (中国蔬菜), 2012(18): 1-14 (in Chinese)
[3] Tang J-Y (唐珺瑶), Zhao Y-J (赵永杰), Qu D (曲东), et al. Review on contribution and mechanism of biochar bate soil salinization. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica (西北农业学报), 2017, 26(2): 294-303 (in Chinese)
[4] Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, et al. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos. 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research, 2009, 111: 81-84
[5] Wu C-C (武春成), Wang C-Y (王彩云), Cao X (曹霞), et al. Effects of different biochar application rate on improvement of continuous cropping soil and cucumber growth. Northern Horticulture (北方园艺), 2017(19): 150-154 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhang W-M (张伟明), Meng J (孟军), Wang J-Y (王嘉宇), et al. Effect of biochar on root morphological and physiological characteristics and yield in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2013, 39(8): 1445-1451 (in Chinese)
[7] Zhang H-Z (张晗芝), Huang Y (黄云), Liu G (刘钢), et al. Effects of biochar on corn growth, nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties in seeding stage. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2010, 19(11): 2713-2717 (in Chinese)
[8] Liu Y-X (刘玉学), Lyu H-H (吕豪豪), Shi Y (石岩), et al. Effects of biochar on soil nutrients leaching and potential mechanisms. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(1): 304-310 (in Chinese)
[9] Zhao L-F (赵兰凤), Zhang X-M (张新明), Cheng G (程根), et al. Effects of biochar on microbial functional diversity of vegetable garden soil. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2017, 37(14): 4754-4762 (in Chinese)
[10] Ding Y-L (丁艳丽), Liu J (刘杰), Wang Y-Y (王莹莹). Effects of biochar on microbial ecology in agriculture soil: A review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(11): 3311-3317 (in Chinese)
[11] Zhang Y-J (张玉洁), Wu T (吴婷), Zhao J (赵娟), et al. Effect of biochar amendment on bacterial community structure and diversity in straw-amended soils. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae (环境科学学报), 2017, 37(2): 712-720 (in Chinese)
[12] Gu M-Y (顾美英), Liu H-L (刘洪亮), Li Z-Q (李志强), et al. Impact of biochar application on soil nutrients and microbial diversities in continuous cultivated cotton fields in Xinjiang. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2014, 47(20): 4128-4136 (in Chinese)
[13] Wang X-H (王晓辉), Guo G-X (郭光霞), Zheng R-L (郑瑞伦), et al. Effect of biochar on abundance of N-related functional microbial communities in degraded greenhouse soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2013, 3(3): 624-631 (in Chinese)
[14] Liu Z-K (刘志坤), Ye L-J (叶黎佳). Preparation and performance measurement of biomass charcoal materials. Biomass Chemical Engineering (生物质化学工程), 2007, 41(5): 28-32 (in Chinese)
[15] Lehmann J. Amazonian Dark Earths: Origin Properties Management. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press, 2003
[16] Yu J-Q (喻景权). Soil-sickness problem in the sustainable development for the protected production of vegetables. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学学报), 2000, 31(1): 124-126 (in Chinese)
[17] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Soil and Agricultural Chemical Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[18] Zou C-J (邹春娇), Qi M-F (齐明芳), Ma J (马建), et al. Analysis of soil microbial community structure and diversity in cucumber continuous cropping nutrition medium by Biolog-ECO. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2016, 49(5): 942-951 (in Chinese)
[19] Geng S-J (耿士均), Liu K (刘刊), Shang H-Y (商海燕), et al. Research progress of continuous cropping obstacle in horticultural plants. Northern Horticulture (北方园艺), 2012(7): 190-195 (in Chinese)
[20] Liu H (刘卉), Zhou Q-M (周清明), Li J (黎娟), et al. Effect of biochar application amount on the soil improvement and the growth of flue-cured tobacco. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences (核农学报), 2016, 30(7): 1411-1419 (in Chinese)
[21] Li S-L (李帅霖), Wang X (王霞), Wang S (王朔), et al. Effects of application patterns and amount of biochar on water infiltration and evaporation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2016, 32(14): 135-144 (in Chinese)
[22] Jiang Y-P (姜玉萍), Yang X-F (杨晓峰), Zhang Z-H (张兆辉), et al. Progress of the effect of biomass charcoal on soil environment and crop growth. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis (浙江农业学报), 2013, 25(2): 410-415 (in Chinese)
[23] Hilber I, Wyss GS, Maeder P, et al. Influence of activated charcoal amendment to contaminated soil on dieldrin and nutrient uptake by cucumbers. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157: 2224-2230
[24] Fan Q-F (范庆峰), Yu N (虞娜), Zhang Y-L (张玉玲), et al. Effects of vegetable cultivation on soil cation exchange capacity in greenhouse. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2013, 51(5): 1132-1137 (in Chinese)
[25] Wu F-Z (吴凤芝), Shen Y-H (沈彦辉), Zhou X-G (周新刚), et al. Regulation effect of wheat and oat residue on growth of continuous cucumber cropping and soil microbial community structure. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2015, 48(22): 4585-4596 (in Chinese)
[26] Hu Y-S (胡元森), Liu Y-F (刘亚峰), Wu K (吴坤), et al. Variation of microbial community structure in relation to successive cucumber cropping soil. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2006, 37(1): 126-129 (in Chinese)
[27] Wang Y-F (王艳芳), Xiang L (相立), Xu S-Z (徐少卓), et al. Effects of biochar and chitin combined application on Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and soil environment under replanting conditions. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2017, 50(4): 711-719 (in Chinese)
[28] Ma Y-H (马云华), Wei M (魏珉), Wang X-F (王秀峰). Variation of microflora and enzyme activity in continuous cropping cucumber soil in solar greenhouse. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2004, 15(6): 1005-1008 (in Chinese)
[29] Wang M (王牧), Xu S-Z (徐少卓), Liu Y-S (刘宇松), et al. Improvement of soil properties and control of apple replanting disease by combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers (植物营养与肥料学报), 2018, 24(1): 220-227 (in Chinese)
[30] Jia D (贾丹), Zhuo K-Y (卓孔友), Gu D-Y (谷东岩). Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of pentachlorophenol onto corn stalk biochar. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学), 2018, 46(1): 71-73 (in Chinese)
[31] Liu C-X (刘朝霞), Niu W-J (牛文娟), Chu H-Y (楚合营), et al. Process optimization for straws pyrolysis and analysis of biochar physiochemical properties. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2018, 34(5): 196-203 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang G-F (王光飞), Ma Y (马艳), Guo D-J (郭德杰), et al. Application-rate-dependent effects of straw biochar on control of phytophthora blight of chilli pepper and soil properties. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2017, 54(1): 204-215 (in Chinese)
[33] He L-L (何莉莉), Yang H-M (杨慧敏), Zhong Z-K (钟哲科), et al. PCR-DGGE analysis of soil bacterium community diversity in farmland influenced by biochar. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2014, 34(15): 4288-4294 (in Chinese)
[34] Chen Y (陈懿), Chen W (陈伟), Lin Y-C (林叶春), et al. Effects of biochar on the micro-ecology of tobacco-planting soil and physiology of flue-cured tobacco. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(12): 3781-3787 (in Chinese)
[2] Guo S-R (郭世荣), Sun J (孙锦), Shu S (束胜), et al. Analysis of general situation, characteristics, existing problems and development trend of protected horticulture in China. China Vegetables (中国蔬菜), 2012(18): 1-14 (in Chinese)
[3] Tang J-Y (唐珺瑶), Zhao Y-J (赵永杰), Qu D (曲东), et al. Review on contribution and mechanism of biochar bate soil salinization. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica (西北农业学报), 2017, 26(2): 294-303 (in Chinese)
[4] Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, et al. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos. 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research, 2009, 111: 81-84
[5] Wu C-C (武春成), Wang C-Y (王彩云), Cao X (曹霞), et al. Effects of different biochar application rate on improvement of continuous cropping soil and cucumber growth. Northern Horticulture (北方园艺), 2017(19): 150-154 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhang W-M (张伟明), Meng J (孟军), Wang J-Y (王嘉宇), et al. Effect of biochar on root morphological and physiological characteristics and yield in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2013, 39(8): 1445-1451 (in Chinese)
[7] Zhang H-Z (张晗芝), Huang Y (黄云), Liu G (刘钢), et al. Effects of biochar on corn growth, nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties in seeding stage. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2010, 19(11): 2713-2717 (in Chinese)
[8] Liu Y-X (刘玉学), Lyu H-H (吕豪豪), Shi Y (石岩), et al. Effects of biochar on soil nutrients leaching and potential mechanisms. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(1): 304-310 (in Chinese)
[9] Zhao L-F (赵兰凤), Zhang X-M (张新明), Cheng G (程根), et al. Effects of biochar on microbial functional diversity of vegetable garden soil. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2017, 37(14): 4754-4762 (in Chinese)
[10] Ding Y-L (丁艳丽), Liu J (刘杰), Wang Y-Y (王莹莹). Effects of biochar on microbial ecology in agriculture soil: A review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(11): 3311-3317 (in Chinese)
[11] Zhang Y-J (张玉洁), Wu T (吴婷), Zhao J (赵娟), et al. Effect of biochar amendment on bacterial community structure and diversity in straw-amended soils. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae (环境科学学报), 2017, 37(2): 712-720 (in Chinese)
[12] Gu M-Y (顾美英), Liu H-L (刘洪亮), Li Z-Q (李志强), et al. Impact of biochar application on soil nutrients and microbial diversities in continuous cultivated cotton fields in Xinjiang. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2014, 47(20): 4128-4136 (in Chinese)
[13] Wang X-H (王晓辉), Guo G-X (郭光霞), Zheng R-L (郑瑞伦), et al. Effect of biochar on abundance of N-related functional microbial communities in degraded greenhouse soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2013, 3(3): 624-631 (in Chinese)
[14] Liu Z-K (刘志坤), Ye L-J (叶黎佳). Preparation and performance measurement of biomass charcoal materials. Biomass Chemical Engineering (生物质化学工程), 2007, 41(5): 28-32 (in Chinese)
[15] Lehmann J. Amazonian Dark Earths: Origin Properties Management. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press, 2003
[16] Yu J-Q (喻景权). Soil-sickness problem in the sustainable development for the protected production of vegetables. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学学报), 2000, 31(1): 124-126 (in Chinese)
[17] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Soil and Agricultural Chemical Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[18] Zou C-J (邹春娇), Qi M-F (齐明芳), Ma J (马建), et al. Analysis of soil microbial community structure and diversity in cucumber continuous cropping nutrition medium by Biolog-ECO. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2016, 49(5): 942-951 (in Chinese)
[19] Geng S-J (耿士均), Liu K (刘刊), Shang H-Y (商海燕), et al. Research progress of continuous cropping obstacle in horticultural plants. Northern Horticulture (北方园艺), 2012(7): 190-195 (in Chinese)
[20] Liu H (刘卉), Zhou Q-M (周清明), Li J (黎娟), et al. Effect of biochar application amount on the soil improvement and the growth of flue-cured tobacco. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences (核农学报), 2016, 30(7): 1411-1419 (in Chinese)
[21] Li S-L (李帅霖), Wang X (王霞), Wang S (王朔), et al. Effects of application patterns and amount of biochar on water infiltration and evaporation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2016, 32(14): 135-144 (in Chinese)
[22] Jiang Y-P (姜玉萍), Yang X-F (杨晓峰), Zhang Z-H (张兆辉), et al. Progress of the effect of biomass charcoal on soil environment and crop growth. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis (浙江农业学报), 2013, 25(2): 410-415 (in Chinese)
[23] Hilber I, Wyss GS, Maeder P, et al. Influence of activated charcoal amendment to contaminated soil on dieldrin and nutrient uptake by cucumbers. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157: 2224-2230
[24] Fan Q-F (范庆峰), Yu N (虞娜), Zhang Y-L (张玉玲), et al. Effects of vegetable cultivation on soil cation exchange capacity in greenhouse. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2013, 51(5): 1132-1137 (in Chinese)
[25] Wu F-Z (吴凤芝), Shen Y-H (沈彦辉), Zhou X-G (周新刚), et al. Regulation effect of wheat and oat residue on growth of continuous cucumber cropping and soil microbial community structure. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2015, 48(22): 4585-4596 (in Chinese)
[26] Hu Y-S (胡元森), Liu Y-F (刘亚峰), Wu K (吴坤), et al. Variation of microbial community structure in relation to successive cucumber cropping soil. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2006, 37(1): 126-129 (in Chinese)
[27] Wang Y-F (王艳芳), Xiang L (相立), Xu S-Z (徐少卓), et al. Effects of biochar and chitin combined application on Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and soil environment under replanting conditions. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2017, 50(4): 711-719 (in Chinese)
[28] Ma Y-H (马云华), Wei M (魏珉), Wang X-F (王秀峰). Variation of microflora and enzyme activity in continuous cropping cucumber soil in solar greenhouse. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2004, 15(6): 1005-1008 (in Chinese)
[29] Wang M (王牧), Xu S-Z (徐少卓), Liu Y-S (刘宇松), et al. Improvement of soil properties and control of apple replanting disease by combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers (植物营养与肥料学报), 2018, 24(1): 220-227 (in Chinese)
[30] Jia D (贾丹), Zhuo K-Y (卓孔友), Gu D-Y (谷东岩). Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of pentachlorophenol onto corn stalk biochar. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学), 2018, 46(1): 71-73 (in Chinese)
[31] Liu C-X (刘朝霞), Niu W-J (牛文娟), Chu H-Y (楚合营), et al. Process optimization for straws pyrolysis and analysis of biochar physiochemical properties. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2018, 34(5): 196-203 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang G-F (王光飞), Ma Y (马艳), Guo D-J (郭德杰), et al. Application-rate-dependent effects of straw biochar on control of phytophthora blight of chilli pepper and soil properties. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2017, 54(1): 204-215 (in Chinese)
[33] He L-L (何莉莉), Yang H-M (杨慧敏), Zhong Z-K (钟哲科), et al. PCR-DGGE analysis of soil bacterium community diversity in farmland influenced by biochar. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2014, 34(15): 4288-4294 (in Chinese)
[34] Chen Y (陈懿), Chen W (陈伟), Lin Y-C (林叶春), et al. Effects of biochar on the micro-ecology of tobacco-planting soil and physiology of flue-cured tobacco. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(12): 3781-3787 (in Chinese)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |