《二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南(试行)》环境风险评价流程研究
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摘要
中国首个针对CCUS(二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存)环境风险评价的指导文件《二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南(试行)》(简称《指南》),在中国在建和已建成的CCUS项目中发挥了重要指导作用,但其环境风险评价流程仍然存在实用性不强、科学性不足等问题。通过系统梳理、对比分析国内外CCUS环境风险评价流程及中国《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》(征求意见稿)建设项目风险评价流程,从流程结构优化、增加定量化评价方法、加强风险潜势预判、设定风险事故情形、采用风险预测手段等方面对《指南》提出完善建议。同时也指出CCUS本身的不确定性加大了环境风险定量评价的难度、中国CCUS环境风险评价流程对经济利益的关注有待加强等问题。
China's first guideline document on environmental risk assessment of CCUS(carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage), Technical Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage(on Trial)(hereinafter referred to as Guideline), played an important guiding role in China's CCUS projects that were completed and under construction. However, there was still weak practicality and insufficient scientificalness in its process of environmental risk assessment. By systematically combing and comparatively analyzing the domestic and foreign CCUS environmental risk assessment process and risk assessment process of construction projects in China's Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects(Consultation Paper), the suggestions for improving the Guideline were put forward, including optimizing the process structure, increasing quantitative assessment methods, strengthening environmental risk potential prediction, setting up risk scenario and applying risk prediction. Meanwhile, the author also pointed out that the uncertainty of CCUS increased the difficulty in quantitative assessment of environmental risks, and more attention should be attached to economic interests by China's CCUS environmental risk assessment process.
China's first guideline document on environmental risk assessment of CCUS(carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage), Technical Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage(on Trial)(hereinafter referred to as Guideline), played an important guiding role in China's CCUS projects that were completed and under construction. However, there was still weak practicality and insufficient scientificalness in its process of environmental risk assessment. By systematically combing and comparatively analyzing the domestic and foreign CCUS environmental risk assessment process and risk assessment process of construction projects in China's Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects(Consultation Paper), the suggestions for improving the Guideline were put forward, including optimizing the process structure, increasing quantitative assessment methods, strengthening environmental risk potential prediction, setting up risk scenario and applying risk prediction. Meanwhile, the author also pointed out that the uncertainty of CCUS increased the difficulty in quantitative assessment of environmental risks, and more attention should be attached to economic interests by China's CCUS environmental risk assessment process.
引文
[1] 中国二氧化碳地质封存环境风险研究组. 中国二氧化碳地质封存环境风险评估[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2018.
[2] 中华人民共和国环境保护部.二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南(试行)[S].2016.
[3] 王永胜. 中国神华煤制油深部咸水层二氧化碳捕集与地质封存项目环境风险后评估研究[J]. 环境工程, 2018,36(2):26-31.
[4] Li Q, Li X, Liu G, et al. Application of China’s CCUS environmental risk assessment technical guidelines (Exposure Draft) to the Shenhua CCS project[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 114:4270-4278.
[5] IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG). A Review of the International State of the Art in Risk Assessment Guidelines and Proposed Terminology for Use in CO2 Geological Storage[R]. IEA GHG, Cheltenham, UK, 2009.
[6] 胡二邦.环境风险评价实用技术、方法和案例[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2000.
[7] 李绅豪. 石化行业规划环境风险评价研究[D]. 上海:同济大学, 2008.
[8] 毛小苓, 刘阳生. 国内外环境风险评价研究进展[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2003, 11(3):266-273.
[9] 袁业畅, 何飞, 李燕,等. 环境风险评价综述及案例讨论[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2013, 36(增刊1):455-463.
[10] 中华人民共和国环境保护部. 建设项目风险环境评价技术导则(征求意见稿)[S].2017.
[11] Rajesh J Pawar, Grant S Bromhal, William Carey, et al. Recent advances in risk assessment and risk management of geologic CO2 storage[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2015, 40:292-311.
[12] ISO. 31000:2009 Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines [M]. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2009.
[13] Dias S, Guen Y L, Poupard O, et al. Risk assessment of MUSTANG project experimental site-Methodological development [J]. Energy Procedia, 2011, 4:4109-4116.
[14] Wollenweber J, Busby D, Wessel-Berg D, et al. Integrated carbon risk assessment (ICARAS) [J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 4825-4832.
[15] Hnottavange-Telleen K, Chabora E, Finley R J, et al. Risk management in a large-scale CO2 geosequestration pilot project, Illinois, USA [J]. Energy Procedia, 2011(4):4044-4051.
[16] Hnottavange-Telleen K, Krapac I, Vivalda C. Illinois Basin-Decatur Project: initial risk-assessment results and framework for evaluating site performance [J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1(1): 2431-2438.
[17] Hnottavange-Telleen K. Common themes in risk evaluation among eight geosequestration projects [J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 2794-2801.
[18] Li Q, Liu G. Risk Assessment of the Geological Storage of CO2: a Review. Geologic Carbon Sequestration[M]. V Vishal, T N Singh eds. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2016:249-284.
[19] Environment Agency. Environmental risk assessment for carbon capture and storage 2011[R]. Bristol: Environment Agency, 2011: 40.
[20] European Union. Directive 2009/31/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 23 April 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide and amending council Directive 85/337/EEC[S]. 2009:114-135.
[21] OSPAR Commission. 2007 OSPAR Guidelines for Risk Assessment and Management of Storage of CO2 Streams in Geological Formations, OSPAR 07/24/1-E , Annex 7[S].2007:17-32.
[22] Canadian Standards Association. CSA Z741 Geological storage of carbon dioxide (draft issued for public review 27 October 2011)[S]. CSA, Mississauga, Canada, 2011:27-35.
[23] World Resources Institute . Guidelines for carbon dioxide capture, transport, and storage[S]. WRI, Washington, DC. 2008:72-78.
[2] 中华人民共和国环境保护部.二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南(试行)[S].2016.
[3] 王永胜. 中国神华煤制油深部咸水层二氧化碳捕集与地质封存项目环境风险后评估研究[J]. 环境工程, 2018,36(2):26-31.
[4] Li Q, Li X, Liu G, et al. Application of China’s CCUS environmental risk assessment technical guidelines (Exposure Draft) to the Shenhua CCS project[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 114:4270-4278.
[5] IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG). A Review of the International State of the Art in Risk Assessment Guidelines and Proposed Terminology for Use in CO2 Geological Storage[R]. IEA GHG, Cheltenham, UK, 2009.
[6] 胡二邦.环境风险评价实用技术、方法和案例[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2000.
[7] 李绅豪. 石化行业规划环境风险评价研究[D]. 上海:同济大学, 2008.
[8] 毛小苓, 刘阳生. 国内外环境风险评价研究进展[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2003, 11(3):266-273.
[9] 袁业畅, 何飞, 李燕,等. 环境风险评价综述及案例讨论[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2013, 36(增刊1):455-463.
[10] 中华人民共和国环境保护部. 建设项目风险环境评价技术导则(征求意见稿)[S].2017.
[11] Rajesh J Pawar, Grant S Bromhal, William Carey, et al. Recent advances in risk assessment and risk management of geologic CO2 storage[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2015, 40:292-311.
[12] ISO. 31000:2009 Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines [M]. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2009.
[13] Dias S, Guen Y L, Poupard O, et al. Risk assessment of MUSTANG project experimental site-Methodological development [J]. Energy Procedia, 2011, 4:4109-4116.
[14] Wollenweber J, Busby D, Wessel-Berg D, et al. Integrated carbon risk assessment (ICARAS) [J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 4825-4832.
[15] Hnottavange-Telleen K, Chabora E, Finley R J, et al. Risk management in a large-scale CO2 geosequestration pilot project, Illinois, USA [J]. Energy Procedia, 2011(4):4044-4051.
[16] Hnottavange-Telleen K, Krapac I, Vivalda C. Illinois Basin-Decatur Project: initial risk-assessment results and framework for evaluating site performance [J]. Energy Procedia, 2009, 1(1): 2431-2438.
[17] Hnottavange-Telleen K. Common themes in risk evaluation among eight geosequestration projects [J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 2794-2801.
[18] Li Q, Liu G. Risk Assessment of the Geological Storage of CO2: a Review. Geologic Carbon Sequestration[M]. V Vishal, T N Singh eds. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2016:249-284.
[19] Environment Agency. Environmental risk assessment for carbon capture and storage 2011[R]. Bristol: Environment Agency, 2011: 40.
[20] European Union. Directive 2009/31/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 23 April 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide and amending council Directive 85/337/EEC[S]. 2009:114-135.
[21] OSPAR Commission. 2007 OSPAR Guidelines for Risk Assessment and Management of Storage of CO2 Streams in Geological Formations, OSPAR 07/24/1-E , Annex 7[S].2007:17-32.
[22] Canadian Standards Association. CSA Z741 Geological storage of carbon dioxide (draft issued for public review 27 October 2011)[S]. CSA, Mississauga, Canada, 2011:27-35.
[23] World Resources Institute . Guidelines for carbon dioxide capture, transport, and storage[S]. WRI, Washington, DC. 2008:72-78.
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