边疆牧户对草原生态保护补助奖励政策的态度分析
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摘要
基于内蒙古边疆牧区9个典型牧业旗县获取的449个牧户调查数据,采用Logistic回归分析方法,考察不同类型样本牧户对草原生态保护补助奖励(以下简称"草原生态补奖")政策的态度及其影响因素。结果表明,对现行草原生态补奖政策持肯定态度并愿意继续参与的牧户占比更大,不同类型牧户补奖态度的影响因素差异明显。由于草原生态补奖政策对禁牧型牧户的放牧行为限制较多,对牧户家庭收入、家庭成员就业以及社会保障带来较大消极影响,该类牧户对现行补奖政策的接受度较低。草畜平衡型牧户对草场的依赖程度与禁牧型牧户相比有所减轻,牧户对于补奖标准的公平性评价越高,牧户拥有的人均草场面积越广,家庭生计多样性指数越大,牧户越愿意继续参与草原生态补奖机制。因此,建议健全牧户补奖参与机制,多措并举提升牧户畜牧业收入和非牧收入,完善补奖配套机制以提升禁牧户福利水平。
Based on the survey data obtained from 449 herdsmen of 9 typical animal husbandry counties in the pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the attitudes of different types of sample herdsmen to the grassland ecological reward policy and its influencing factors. The results of the study show that, majority of the herdsmen are in favor of the current grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policies and willing to continue to participate. The influence factors of different types of herdsmen′s about subsidy and incentive attitudes are obviously different. Because the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policies have more restrictions on the grazing behavior of the grazing-type pastoralists, it has a greater negative impact on the family income, family members′ employment and social security. The pastoralist in this type have a lower acceptance of the current policy. The dependence of grass-animal balanced herdsmen on grassland is reduced compared with the grazing-free herdsmen. The higher the fairness of the herdsmen′s criteria for the compensation standards, the wider the per capita grassland area of the herdsmen and the bigger the diversity of the index family livelihoods,the more willingness the herdsmen choose to continue to participate in the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive mechanism. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the herdsmen participation mechanism of subsidy and incentive, to find ways to increase the pastoral income and non-grazing income, and to make better the supporting mechanism to enhance the welfare of the grazing-type pastoralists.
Based on the survey data obtained from 449 herdsmen of 9 typical animal husbandry counties in the pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the attitudes of different types of sample herdsmen to the grassland ecological reward policy and its influencing factors. The results of the study show that, majority of the herdsmen are in favor of the current grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policies and willing to continue to participate. The influence factors of different types of herdsmen′s about subsidy and incentive attitudes are obviously different. Because the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive policies have more restrictions on the grazing behavior of the grazing-type pastoralists, it has a greater negative impact on the family income, family members′ employment and social security. The pastoralist in this type have a lower acceptance of the current policy. The dependence of grass-animal balanced herdsmen on grassland is reduced compared with the grazing-free herdsmen. The higher the fairness of the herdsmen′s criteria for the compensation standards, the wider the per capita grassland area of the herdsmen and the bigger the diversity of the index family livelihoods,the more willingness the herdsmen choose to continue to participate in the grassland ecological protection subsidy and incentive mechanism. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the herdsmen participation mechanism of subsidy and incentive, to find ways to increase the pastoral income and non-grazing income, and to make better the supporting mechanism to enhance the welfare of the grazing-type pastoralists.
引文
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[15] 内蒙古自治区畜牧厅修志编史委员会.内蒙古自治区志:畜牧志[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1999:62-76.
[16] 马玉明.内蒙古资源大辞典[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1999:158-183.
[17] 康晓虹,史俊宏,张文娟,等.草原禁牧补助政策背景下牧户生计资本现状及其影响因素研究:基于内蒙古典型牧区的调查数据[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(11):59-65.[KANG Xiao-hong,SHI Jun-hong,ZHANG Wen-juan,et al.Research on the Current Situation of the Livelihood Capital of the Herdsman and Its Factors Influencing the Background of Grazing Prohibition Subsidy Policy in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(11):59-65.]
[18] 靳乐山,胡振通.草原生态补偿政策与牧民的可能选择[J].改革,2014(11):100-107.[JIN Le-shan,HU Zhen-tong.Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy and Chooses of the Herdsmen[J].Reform,2014(11):100-107.]
[19] 靳乐山,胡振通.谁在超载?不同规模牧户的差异分析[J].中国农村观察,2013(2):37-43,94.[JIN Le-shan,HU Zhen-tong.Who Is Running Overgrazing?Variation Analysis of Herdsmen With Different Scales of Pastureland[J].China Rural Survey,2013(2):37-43,94.]
[2] ZHAO X Y.Review of the Ecological Compensation Efficiency[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(6):1960-1969.
[3] KOMBA C,MUCHAPONDWA E.An Analysis of Factors Affecting Household Willingness to Participate in the REDD+ Programme in Tanzania[J].Climate and Development,2017,9(3):244-257.
[4] 王海春,高博,祁晓慧,等.草原生态保护补助奖励机制对牧户减畜行为影响的实证分析:基于内蒙古260户牧户的调查[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(12):73-80,112.[WANG Hai-chun,GAO Bo,QI Xiao-hui,et al.Empirical Analysis on the Impact of the Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidies and Incentives Policies on Herdsmen′s Reduced-Livestock Behavior:Based on the 260 Herdsmen Households in Inner Mongolia[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2017,38(12):73-80,112.]
[5] 刘振虎,郑玉铜.新疆牧民参与草原生态补偿意愿分析:以新疆和静县、沙湾县为例[J].草地学报,2014,22(6):1212-1215.[LIU Zhen-hu,ZHENG Yu-tong.Analysis of Herdsmen Willingness to Accept Grassland Ecosystem Compensation in Xinjiang[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(6):1212-1215.]
[6] 姜冬梅,萨茹拉,王璐.牧民参与草原生态保护补助奖励机制的意愿研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,16(3):13-17.
[7] 谢先雄,李晓平,赵敏娟,等.资本禀赋如何影响牧民减畜:基于内蒙古372户牧民的实证考察[J].资源科学,2018,40(9):1730-1741.[XIE Xian-xiong,LI Xiao-ping,ZHAO Min-juan,et al.How Does Capital Endowment Affect Herdsman to Reduce Livestock?An Empirical Analysis Based on 372 Herdsmen in Inner Mongolia[J].Resources Science,2018,40(9):1730-1741.]
[8] 赵玉洁,张宇清,吴斌,等.农牧民对禁牧政策的意愿及其影响因素分析[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(4):307-311.[ZHAO Yu-jie,ZHANG Yu-qing,WU Bin,et al.Farmers′ Perceptions of Rangeland Enclosure Policy and Influencing Factors[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(4):307-311.]
[9] 康晓虹,陶娅,盖志毅.草原生态系统服务价值补偿对牧民可持续生计影响的研究述评[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(5):200-207.[KANG Xiao-hong,TAO Ya,GAI Zhi-yi.Research Review on the Effect of Grassland Ecosystem Services Value Compensation on the Sustainable Livelihood of Pastoralists[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2018,23(5):200-207.]
[10] 刘玉卿,张华兵.基于条件估值法(CVM)的湿地周边农户受偿意愿及影响因素研究:以江苏盐城珍禽自然保护区为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(11):982-987.[LIU Yu-qing,ZHANG Hua-bing.Discussion on Farmers Based on CVM Method:A Case Study in Yancheng Rare Bird Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(11):982-987.]
[11] 郑玉铜,谢文宝.生态补偿机制下新疆牧民草地保护意愿研究[J].新疆农垦经济,2016(2):6-10,16.
[12] 刘宇晨,张心灵.不同地区牧民对草原生态补偿方式的选择研究[J].生态经济,2018,34(1):197-201.[LIU Yu-chen,ZHANG Xin-ling.A Study on the Herdsmen′s Choice of Grassland Ecological Compensation Mode[J].Ecological Economy,2018,34(1):197-201.]
[13] 《内蒙古自治区旗县情大全》编委会.内蒙古自治区旗县情大全[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,2007:51.
[14] 《内蒙古自治区区志:土地志》编委会.内蒙古自治区区志:土地志[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,2009:127-131.
[15] 内蒙古自治区畜牧厅修志编史委员会.内蒙古自治区志:畜牧志[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1999:62-76.
[16] 马玉明.内蒙古资源大辞典[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1999:158-183.
[17] 康晓虹,史俊宏,张文娟,等.草原禁牧补助政策背景下牧户生计资本现状及其影响因素研究:基于内蒙古典型牧区的调查数据[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(11):59-65.[KANG Xiao-hong,SHI Jun-hong,ZHANG Wen-juan,et al.Research on the Current Situation of the Livelihood Capital of the Herdsman and Its Factors Influencing the Background of Grazing Prohibition Subsidy Policy in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(11):59-65.]
[18] 靳乐山,胡振通.草原生态补偿政策与牧民的可能选择[J].改革,2014(11):100-107.[JIN Le-shan,HU Zhen-tong.Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy and Chooses of the Herdsmen[J].Reform,2014(11):100-107.]
[19] 靳乐山,胡振通.谁在超载?不同规模牧户的差异分析[J].中国农村观察,2013(2):37-43,94.[JIN Le-shan,HU Zhen-tong.Who Is Running Overgrazing?Variation Analysis of Herdsmen With Different Scales of Pastureland[J].China Rural Survey,2013(2):37-43,94.]
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