HN-AD菌强化生物转盘工艺处理养牛场废水
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摘要
养牛场废水中COD和氨氮浓度高、碳氮比高,且具有一定的生物毒性,处理过程中存在脱氮效果差、工艺流程复杂、启动周期长等问题。为此,采用以三维结构盘片为载体的生物转盘(RBC)反应器,以异养硝化-好氧反硝化(HN-AD)菌为生物强化剂,考察了生物强化RBC工艺对养牛场废水的处理效果。在驯化阶段(进水为模拟废水),当氨氮> 400 mg/L时,未经HNAD菌强化的RBC2反应器对污染物的去除率明显降低,而经过HN-AD菌强化的RBC1反应器对氨氮的耐受浓度可达600 mg/L,对NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、TN和COD的去除率要比RBC2反应器分别高40. 75%、32. 15%、34. 68%和24. 25%。运行稳定后,采用RBC1反应器处理实际养牛场废水,对NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、TN和COD的平均去除率分别为81. 65%、72. 14%、65. 79%和80. 53%,明显优于传统处理技术。高通量测序结果表明,生物强化后系统的优势HN-AD菌为Acinetobacter,其丰度由接种菌剂中的1. 34%上升至18. 56%,由此推测Acinetobacter是起异养硝化-好氧反硝化作用的主要菌属。SEM观察发现,生物强化后,盘片的生物膜表面附着了大量杆状菌和球状菌。
Cattle farm wastewater is characterized by high ammonia nitrogen,high COD,high C/N ratio and even contains certain toxicity. There are several problems when the wastewater is treated,such as poor nitrogen removal,complex process and the long start-up cycle. Therefore,the effect of bioenhanced rotating biological contactor (RBC) on the treatment of cattle farm wastewater was investigated by using three-dimensional structure disks as the carrier and the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria as bio-fortifier. During domestication stage (the influent was simulated wastewater),the removal rate of pollutants in RBC2 without enhancement of HN-AD bacteria decreased significantly when ammonia nitrogen was more than 400 mg/L,while the RBC1 enhanced with HN-AD bacteria could withstand ammonia nitrogen higher than 600 mg/L,and the removal rates of NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,TN and COD were 40. 75%,32. 15%,34. 68% and 24. 25% higher than that in RBC2,respectively. Then, the RBC1 enhanced with HN-AD bacteria was used to treat real cattle farm wastewater,and the average removal rates of NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,TN and COD were 81. 65%,72. 14%,65. 79% and 80. 53%,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of the traditional treatment technology. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Acinetobacter was the dominant bacterium in the bio-enhanced system,and its abundance increased from 1. 34% to 18. 56%. Therefore,it was speculated that Acinetobacter was the main bacterium with the function of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. It was found by SEM observation that a large number of rods and coccus attached on the surface of the biofilm.
Cattle farm wastewater is characterized by high ammonia nitrogen,high COD,high C/N ratio and even contains certain toxicity. There are several problems when the wastewater is treated,such as poor nitrogen removal,complex process and the long start-up cycle. Therefore,the effect of bioenhanced rotating biological contactor (RBC) on the treatment of cattle farm wastewater was investigated by using three-dimensional structure disks as the carrier and the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria as bio-fortifier. During domestication stage (the influent was simulated wastewater),the removal rate of pollutants in RBC2 without enhancement of HN-AD bacteria decreased significantly when ammonia nitrogen was more than 400 mg/L,while the RBC1 enhanced with HN-AD bacteria could withstand ammonia nitrogen higher than 600 mg/L,and the removal rates of NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,TN and COD were 40. 75%,32. 15%,34. 68% and 24. 25% higher than that in RBC2,respectively. Then, the RBC1 enhanced with HN-AD bacteria was used to treat real cattle farm wastewater,and the average removal rates of NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,TN and COD were 81. 65%,72. 14%,65. 79% and 80. 53%,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of the traditional treatment technology. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Acinetobacter was the dominant bacterium in the bio-enhanced system,and its abundance increased from 1. 34% to 18. 56%. Therefore,it was speculated that Acinetobacter was the main bacterium with the function of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. It was found by SEM observation that a large number of rods and coccus attached on the surface of the biofilm.
引文
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[11]王艳芹，袁长波，姚利，等．生物巢厌氧反应器处理奶牛养殖废水效果研究[J]．中国农业大学学报，2013,18(5):109-114.Wang Yanqin,Yuan Changbo,Yao Li,et al.Studies on the dairy farm wastewater treatment with bio-nest anaerobic reactor demonstration project[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(5):109-114(in Chinese)．
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[13]辛玉峰，曲晓华，袁梦冬，等．一株异养硝化-反硝化不动杆菌的分离鉴定及脱氮活性[J]．微生物学报，2011,51(12):1646-1654.Xin Yufeng,Qu Xiaohua,Yuan Mengdong,et al.Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying Acinetobacter sp.YF14 and its denitrification activity[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2011,51(12):1646-1654(in Chinese)．
[14]Cai H,He W,Yanan W,et al.Flavobacterium aurantiibacter sp.nov.,an orange-pigmented bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake[J].Int JSyst Evol Microbiol,2018,68(6):1839-1844.
[2]Seluy L G,Isla M A.A process to treat high-strength brewery wastewater via ethanol recovery and vinasse fermentation[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2014,53(44):17043-17050．
[3]Sánchez E,Borja R,Travieso L,et al.Effect of influent substrate concentration and hydraulic retention time on the performance of down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactors treating piggery wastewater in a tropical climate[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(2):817-829．
[4]梁文婷，颜丽，郝长红，等．氧化镁改性沸石处理猪场废水的研究[J]．中国给水排水，2009,25(11):73-75.Liang Wenting,Yan Li,Hao Changhong,et al.Treatment of piggery wastewater by MgO modified zeolite[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(11):73-75(in Chinese)．
[5]彭新红，吴立波，宫玥．CANON工艺研究的新进展[J]．水处理技术，2008,34(2):9-11.Peng Xinhong,Wu Libo,Gong Yue.Research advances in the study of CANON process[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2008,34(2):9-11(in Chinese)．
[6]刘富军，郭福生，曾华，等．生物转盘在污水生物处理中的研究进展[J]．工业安全与环保，2007,33(9):32-34.Liu Fujun,Guo Fusheng,Zeng Hua,et al.Study and progress for RBC in biological wastewater treatment[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2007,33(9):32-34(in Chinese)．
[7]Meng J,Li J L,Li J Z,et al.Efficiency and bacterial populations related to pollutant removal in an upflow microaerobic sludge reactor treating manure-free piggery wastewater with low COD/TN ratio[J].Bioresour Technol,2016,201:166-173．
[8]林丽，念海明，杨建华，等．TDS三维结构生物转盘技术在乡镇生活污水处理中的调试运行优势[J]．自动化与仪器仪表，2016(5):221-222,225.Lin Li,Nian Haiming,Yang Jianhua,et al.TDS threedimensional structures of biological rotating disc technology in villages and towns sewage treatment operation advantages[J].Automation&Instrumentation,2016(5):221-222,225(in Chinese)．
[9]高艳辉，赵天涛，邢志林，等．铜离子对混合菌群降解三氯乙烯的影响与机制分析[J]．生物工程学报，2016,32(5):621-634.Gao Yanhui,Zhao Tiantao,Xing Zhilin,et al.Effects of copper on biodegradation mechanism of trichloroethylene by mixed microorganisms[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2016,32(5):621-634(in Chinese)．
[10]赵天涛，邢志林，张丽杰，等．氯代烯烃胁迫下菌群SWA1的降解活性及群落结构[J]．中国环境科学，2017,37(12):4637-4648.Zhao Tiantao,Xing Zhilin,Zhang Lijie,et al.Degradation activity and community structure of bacterial community SWA1 under chlorinated olefin stress[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(12):4637-4648(in Chinese)．
[11]王艳芹，袁长波，姚利，等．生物巢厌氧反应器处理奶牛养殖废水效果研究[J]．中国农业大学学报，2013,18(5):109-114.Wang Yanqin,Yuan Changbo,Yao Li,et al.Studies on the dairy farm wastewater treatment with bio-nest anaerobic reactor demonstration project[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(5):109-114(in Chinese)．
[12]Huang X,Li W,Zhang D,et al.Ammonium removal by a novel oligotrophic Acinetobacter sp.Y16 capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification at low temperature[J].Bioresour Technol,2013,146:44-50．
[13]辛玉峰，曲晓华，袁梦冬，等．一株异养硝化-反硝化不动杆菌的分离鉴定及脱氮活性[J]．微生物学报，2011,51(12):1646-1654.Xin Yufeng,Qu Xiaohua,Yuan Mengdong,et al.Isolation and identification of a heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying Acinetobacter sp.YF14 and its denitrification activity[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2011,51(12):1646-1654(in Chinese)．
[14]Cai H,He W,Yanan W,et al.Flavobacterium aurantiibacter sp.nov.,an orange-pigmented bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial aggregates in a eutrophic lake[J].Int JSyst Evol Microbiol,2018,68(6):1839-1844.
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