厦门市大气能见度变化规律及影响因子分析
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摘要
以厦门市为研究对象,基于2014—2016年监测数据,分析大气能见度变化规律,探究大气污染物(PM_(10)、PM_(2. 5)、SO_2、NO_2、CO、O_3)浓度及气象因子(风速WS、大气温度T、露点温度DPT、最低云层高度CCH、海平面压强SLP、相对湿度RH)对大气能见度的影响。研究表明:厦门市年均大气能见度为8. 97 km,年度最高值出现在夏季,最低值出现在春季;日最高值出现在中午,最低值出现在凌晨;除O_3外大气能见度与大气污染物浓度均呈负相关,与T、WS和CCH呈正相关,而与RH,DPT及SLP呈负相关;通过K均值聚类分析,综合得出厦门市7组典型天气的大气能见度及相关气象指标与其它污染物浓度均值;利用消光系数(βext)与大气污染物浓度,构建了回归模型(β_(ext)=0. 007PM_(2.5)+0. 143,R~2=0. 500;β_(ext)=0. 005PM_(10)+0. 119,R~2=0. 393;β_(ext)=0. 011SO_2+0. 249,R~2=0. 168;β_(ext)=0. 007NO_2+0. 155,R~2=0. 313),能代表β_(ext)与各大气污染物的关系。
Taking Xiamen as the subject,based on the monitoring data during 2014—2016,the atmospheric visibility trends were analysed and the impacts of air pollutants( PM_(10),PM_(2. 5),SO_2,NO_2,CO and O_3) and meteorological factors( wind speed,temperature,dew point temperature,minimum cloud height,sea level pressure,relative humidity,and relative humidity) on atmospheric visibility were studied. The results show that the annual average atmospheric visibility is 8. 97 km over Xiamen.The annual highest value occurs in summer,and the lowest in spring. The daily highest value occurs at noon and the lowest at midnight. The atmospheric visibility is negatively correlated with the concentration of air pollutant except O_3,and positively correlated with T,WS and CCH,but negatively with RH,DPT and SLP. Through the K-means clustering analysis,we obtained 7 classes of the typical weather in Xiamen including the data of average value about atmospheric visibility, relatedmeteorological indexes and the concentration of other pollutants. The regression model( β_(ext)= 0. 007 PM_(2. 5)+ 0. 143,R~2= 0. 500; β_(ext)= 0. 005 PM_(10)+ 0. 119,R~2= 0. 393; β_(ext)= 0. 011 SO_2+ 0. 249,R~2=0. 168; β_(ext)= 0. 007 NO_2+ 0. 155,R~2= 0. 313) was constructed by using the extinction coefficient( βext) and the concentration of air pollutants,which could represent the relationship between βextand the concentrations of pollutants.
Taking Xiamen as the subject,based on the monitoring data during 2014—2016,the atmospheric visibility trends were analysed and the impacts of air pollutants( PM_(10),PM_(2. 5),SO_2,NO_2,CO and O_3) and meteorological factors( wind speed,temperature,dew point temperature,minimum cloud height,sea level pressure,relative humidity,and relative humidity) on atmospheric visibility were studied. The results show that the annual average atmospheric visibility is 8. 97 km over Xiamen.The annual highest value occurs in summer,and the lowest in spring. The daily highest value occurs at noon and the lowest at midnight. The atmospheric visibility is negatively correlated with the concentration of air pollutant except O_3,and positively correlated with T,WS and CCH,but negatively with RH,DPT and SLP. Through the K-means clustering analysis,we obtained 7 classes of the typical weather in Xiamen including the data of average value about atmospheric visibility, relatedmeteorological indexes and the concentration of other pollutants. The regression model( β_(ext)= 0. 007 PM_(2. 5)+ 0. 143,R~2= 0. 500; β_(ext)= 0. 005 PM_(10)+ 0. 119,R~2= 0. 393; β_(ext)= 0. 011 SO_2+ 0. 249,R~2=0. 168; β_(ext)= 0. 007 NO_2+ 0. 155,R~2= 0. 313) was constructed by using the extinction coefficient( βext) and the concentration of air pollutants,which could represent the relationship between βextand the concentrations of pollutants.
引文
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[3]ZHANG Q,QUAN J,TIE X,et al.Effects of meteorology and secondary particle formation on visibility during heavy haze events in Beijing,China.[J].Science of Total Environment.2015,502(1):578-584.
[4]傅伟聪,朱志鹏,陈梓茹,等.千岛湖国家森林公园大气能见度变化特征及其影响因素[J].林业科学,2018,54(1):855-862.
[5]BRIMBLECOMBE P.Long term trends in London fog[J].Science of the Total Environment,1981,22(1):19-29.
[6]WAN J M,LIN M,CHAN C Y,et al.Change of air quality and its impact on atmospheric visibility in central-western Pearl River Delta[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,172(1/4):339-351.
[7]DU K,MU C,DENG J,et al.Study on atmospheric visibility variations and the impacts of meteorological parameters using high temporal resolution data:an application of environmental internet of things in China[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development&World Ecology,2013,20(3):238-247.
[8]FU W C,LIU Q Y,KONIJNENDIJK C C,et al.LongTerm Atmospheric Visibility Trends and Their Relations to Socioeconomic Factors in Xiamen City,China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2018,15(12):2239.
[9]ZHANG F W,XU L L,CHEN J S,et al.Chemical compositions and extinction coefficients of PM2.5in periurban of Xiamen,China,during June 2009-May 2010[J].Atmospheric Research,2012,106:150-158.
[10]DENG J,WANG T,JIANG Z,et al.Characterization of visibility and its affecting factors over Nanjing,China[J].Atmospheric Research,2011,101(3):681-691.
[11]吝涛,李新虎,张国钦,等.厦门岛城市空间扩张特征及其影响因素分析[J].地理学报,2010,65(6):715-726.
[12]厦门市统计局.厦门经济特区年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[13]SINGH A,BLOSS W,POPE F.60 years of UK visibility measurements:Impact of meteorology and atmospheric pollutants on visibility.[J]Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2017,17(3),2085-2101.
[14]DOYLEM,DORLINGS.Visibility trends in the UK1950-1997[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36:3161-3172.
[15]SLOANEC S.Visibility trends-I.Methods of analysis[J].Atmospheric Environment,1982,16(a):41-51.
[16]HUSAR RB,HOLLOWAY JM.The properties and climate of atmospheric haze[M].Hygroscopic Aerosols.Deepak Public,Hampton,1984.
[17]LIN M,TAO J,CHAN C Y,et al.Regression Analyses between Recent Air Quality and Visibility Changes in Megacities at Four Haze Regions in China[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2012,12(6):1049-1061.
[18]LIN Y,HUANG K,ZHUANG G,et al.A multi-year evolution of aerosol chemistry impacting visibility and haze formation over an Eastern Asia megacity,Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,92:76-86.
[19]CHEN Y,XIE S D.Temporal and spatial visibility trends in the Sichuan Basin,China,1973 to 2010[J].Atmospheric Research,2012,11(2):25-34.
[20]ZHAO P,ZHANG X,XU X,et al.Long-term visibility trends and characteristics in the region of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei,China[J].Atmospheric Research,2011,101(3):711-718.
[21]CHANG D,SONG Y,LIU B.Visibility trends in six megacities in China 1973-2007[J].Atmospheric Research,2009,94(2):161-167.
[22]FU W C.CHEN Z R,ZHU Z P,et al.Long-Term Atmospheric Visibility Trends and Characteristics of 31Provincial Capital Cities in China during 1957-2016[J].Atmosphere,2018,9(8):318.
[23]SONG Y,WANXM,BAISX,et al.The Characteristics of Air Pollutants during Two Distinct Episodes of Fireworks Burning in a Valley City of North China[J].PLo S One,2017,12:13.
[24]NISHANTH T,PRASEED KM,RATHNAKARAN K,et.al.Atmospheric pollutant a semiurban,coastal region in India following festival seasons[J].Atmosphere Environment.2012,47(1):295-306.
[25]WU J,FU C,ZHANG L,et al.Trends of visibility on sunny days in China in the recent 50 years[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,55:339-346.
[26]FU W C,CHEN Z R,ZHU Z P,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of six criteria air pollutants in Fujian Province,China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2018,15(12),2846.
[27]DENG J J,DU K,WANG K,et al.Long-term atmospheric visibility trend in Southeast China,1973-2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,59:11-21.
[28]MOLNAR A,MESZAROSE,IMRE K,et al.Trends in visibility over Hungary between 1996-2002[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(11):2621-2629.
[29]XUE D,LI C F,LIU Q.Visibility characteristics and the impacts of air pollutants and meteorological conditions over Shanghai,China[J].Environment Monitor Assessment,2015,187(6):363.
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