燃煤电厂周边河流中氟、砷和重金属污染健康风险评价
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摘要
通过在某燃煤电厂周边河流中布设15个采样点,监测其中氟(F)、砷(As)和重金属的含量,并评价其通过饮水和皮肤接触途径对不同人群所产生的健康风险。结果表明:河流中F、As、Cd、Cr监测值均未超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类标准限值,Hg严重超标;河流中污染物所致儿童和成人健康危害的总风险分别为2.62×10~(-5) a~(-1)和1.76×10~(-5) a~(-1),均高于瑞典环保局、荷兰建设和环境部推荐的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10~(-6) a~(-1),其中As、Cr对儿童的健康危害风险较大,分别为1.69×10~(-5) a~(-1)和9.21×10~(-6) a~(-1),应作为风险决策管理的重点。
The health risks of fluorine, arsenic and heavy metals through drinking water and dermal exposure were evaluated base on the monitoring data from fifteen sampling sites in river around a coal-fired power plant. The results showed that the concentration of F, As, Cd, Cr were below the standard limits of grade Ⅲ in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838—2002). The concentration of Hg seriously exceeded the standard limit. The total health risk of the pollutants for children and adult were 2.62×10~(-5) a~(-1) and 1.76×10~(-5) a~(-1), respectively, both were higher than the maximum acceptable risk of 1.0×10~(-6) a~(-1) recommended by Sweden and Holland Environmental Protection Bureau. As and Cr had severe health risks for children with the total health risk of 1.69×10~(-5)a~(-1) and 9.21×10~(-6)a~(-1), respectively, and should be regarded as the targets of risk control.
The health risks of fluorine, arsenic and heavy metals through drinking water and dermal exposure were evaluated base on the monitoring data from fifteen sampling sites in river around a coal-fired power plant. The results showed that the concentration of F, As, Cd, Cr were below the standard limits of grade Ⅲ in Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838—2002). The concentration of Hg seriously exceeded the standard limit. The total health risk of the pollutants for children and adult were 2.62×10~(-5) a~(-1) and 1.76×10~(-5) a~(-1), respectively, both were higher than the maximum acceptable risk of 1.0×10~(-6) a~(-1) recommended by Sweden and Holland Environmental Protection Bureau. As and Cr had severe health risks for children with the total health risk of 1.69×10~(-5)a~(-1) and 9.21×10~(-6)a~(-1), respectively, and should be regarded as the targets of risk control.
引文
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[21] 陈方远,吴中华,侯浩波,等.汉江中下游水环境健康风险不确定性评价[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(4):183-187.
[2] 沈扬,冯承莲,艾扬,等.下辽河平原地下水健康风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(6):36-40.
[3] 季文佳,王琪,黄启飞,等.危险废物事故排放的湖泊水环境健康风险预测[J].环境工程,2010,28(6):79-82.
[4] 司家济,高良敏,解志林.焦岗湖水环境重金属分布及健康风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2019,31(3):41-44.
[5] 李祥平,齐剑英,陈永亨.广州市主要饮用水源中重金属健康风险的初步评价[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(3):547-553.
[6] 张菊,邓焕广,陈诗越,等.东平湖水源地水环境健康风险初步评价[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(6):111-115.
[7] 张永江,邓茂,黄晓容,等.生态保护区域饮用水源地水质金属健康风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(3):32-36.
[8] 刘美霞,石峻岭,吴世达,等.IARC:900种有害因素及接触场所对人类致癌性的综合评价(一)[J].环境与职业医学,2006,23(2):180-183.
[9] 余葱葱,赵委托,高小峰,等.电镀厂周边地表水中重金属分布特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):993-1001.
[10] 秦好丽,程雅柔.贵阳市西郊水厂所供管网末梢水重金属污染物季节性特征及潜在健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(2):411-417.
[11] 刘世明,刘泽春.农村饮用水氟砷检测及健康风险评价[J].中国预防医学杂志,2015,16(6):446-449.
[12] 樊远昆.乌江中上游河流中汞对鱼类影响的初步研究[J].环保科技,1991(2):32-35.
[13] ZHAO Q H,LIU S L,DENG L,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of heavy metals in fresh water after dam construction:a case study of the Manwan Reservoir,Lancang River[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2012,184(7):4253-4266.
[14] ZENG X X,LIU Y G,YOU S H,et al.Spatial distribution,health risk assessment and statistical source identification of the trace elements in surface water from the Xiangjiang River,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(12):9400-9412.
[15] 惠霂霖,张磊,王书肖,等.中国燃煤部门大气汞排放协同控制效果评估及未来预测[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(1):11-22.
[16] 王若师,许秋瑾,张娴,等.东江流域典型乡镇饮用水源地重金属污染健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3083-3088.
[17] 祝慧娜,袁兴中,曾光明,等.基于区间数的河流水环境健康风险模糊综合评价模型[J].环境科学学报,2009,29( 7):1527-1533.
[18] 魏妮,李霁伟.大气污染特征与儿童常见呼吸道疾病发病的相关性研究进展[J].医学综述,2013,19(22):4109-4111.
[19] DUTTA P.Modeling of variability and uncertainty in human health risk assessment[J].MethodsX,2017,4:76-85.
[20] 王明珠,陈玲,赵宏宇,等.养殖对虾中抗生素的残留及其健康风险[J].环境监测管理与技术,2018,30(2):34-38.
[21] 陈方远,吴中华,侯浩波,等.汉江中下游水环境健康风险不确定性评价[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(4):183-187.
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