模拟酸雨对福州平原水稻田土壤碳库及碳库管理指数的影响
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摘要
为阐明酸雨对水稻田土壤有机碳组分含量以及土壤碳库的影响,以福州平原水稻田为研究对象,在不同生长期早稻和晚稻中,设置对照(CK)、模拟pH 2.5、pH 3.5、pH 4.5酸雨处理,对酸雨影响下福州平原水稻田土壤有机碳组分含量进行了测定与分析。结果表明:酸雨处理对土壤总有机碳(SOC)存在不同程度的影响,在早稻整个生长期,酸雨对土壤SOC含量的影响不显著(P>0.05),晚稻返青期和成熟期中,返青期依次高于CK处理24.70%,10.47%,9.97%,成熟期依次高于CK处理6.33%,8.75%,9.46%,酸雨显著提高土壤SOC含量(P<0.05)。早稻成熟期,对照组溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量显著高于pH 3.5酸雨处理组;整个晚稻生长期,酸雨对土壤DOC含量的综合影响不显著(P>0.05)。早晚稻酸雨的施加使土壤易氧化态碳(EOC)含量低于对照组(P<0.05);早晚稻土壤微生物量碳(MBC)含量表现出明显的随时间变化的规律,早稻对照组土壤MBC含量低于酸雨处理(P<0.05),晚稻则相反。早稻土壤SOC与TN、TP、电导和含水量存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),晚稻土壤SOC与TP存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。将早晚稻的对照作参考土壤,早稻返青期以及晚稻拔节期和成熟期酸雨处理下碳库活度(A)及碳库活度指数(AI)低于对照处理,其他生长期差异性不大,且在一定范围内稻田土壤有机碳库维持一定的活跃度。早稻返青期、晚稻拔节期和成熟期酸雨处理下碳库指数(CPI)和碳库管理指数(CPMI)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。酸雨处理降低了土壤碳库管理指数将不利于水稻生长。
In order to clarify the effects of acid rain on soil organic carbon content and soil carbon pool in paddy fields, the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain was taken as the research object, and the control(CK), simulated pH 2.5, pH 3.5, pH 4.5 acid rain treatments were set up in early and late rice at different growth stages to determine and analyze organic carbon component content of Paddy soil under the simulated acid rain. The results showed that acid rain had different effects on soil total organic carbon(SOC). During the whole growing season of early rice, the effect of acid rain on soil SOC content was not significant(P > 0.05). For the late rice, the soil SOC contents of the acid rain treatments were 24.70%, 10.47% and 9.97% higher than that of CK during the greening period, and during the maturity period, the soil SOC contents were 6.33%, 8.75% and 9.46% higher than that of CK. Acid rain significantly increased soil SOC content(P < 0.05). During maturation period of early rice, the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content of the CK was significantly higher than that of the pH 3.5 acid rain treatment. The comprehensive effect of acid rain on soil DOC content was not significant during the whole growth period of late rice(P > 0.05). The application of acid rain made the soil oxidizable carbon(EOC) content lower than that of the CK(P < 0.05). The soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) content of early and late rice showed obvious change with time. The MBC content of the early rice in the CK was lower than those in the acid rain treatments(P < 0.05), while that of the late rice was the opposite. There was a significant positive correlation between soil SOC and TN, TP, conductivity and water content in early rice(P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between soil SOC and TP in late rice(P < 0.01). Taking the CK of the early and late rice as the reference soil, the carbon storage activity(A) and carbon storage activity index(AI) of the early rice during greening period and late rice during jointing and mature periods in the acid rain treatment were lower than those of the CK, and there was no significant difference at other growth stages, and within a certain range, the paddy soil organic carbon pool maintained a certain degree of activity. The carbon pool index(CPI) and carbon pool management index(CPMI) of the early rice during greening period, late rice during jointing and mature periods in the acid rain treatments were significantly lower than those of the CK(P < 0.05). Acid rain treatment reduced the CPMI, which would be detrimental to rice growth.
In order to clarify the effects of acid rain on soil organic carbon content and soil carbon pool in paddy fields, the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain was taken as the research object, and the control(CK), simulated pH 2.5, pH 3.5, pH 4.5 acid rain treatments were set up in early and late rice at different growth stages to determine and analyze organic carbon component content of Paddy soil under the simulated acid rain. The results showed that acid rain had different effects on soil total organic carbon(SOC). During the whole growing season of early rice, the effect of acid rain on soil SOC content was not significant(P > 0.05). For the late rice, the soil SOC contents of the acid rain treatments were 24.70%, 10.47% and 9.97% higher than that of CK during the greening period, and during the maturity period, the soil SOC contents were 6.33%, 8.75% and 9.46% higher than that of CK. Acid rain significantly increased soil SOC content(P < 0.05). During maturation period of early rice, the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content of the CK was significantly higher than that of the pH 3.5 acid rain treatment. The comprehensive effect of acid rain on soil DOC content was not significant during the whole growth period of late rice(P > 0.05). The application of acid rain made the soil oxidizable carbon(EOC) content lower than that of the CK(P < 0.05). The soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) content of early and late rice showed obvious change with time. The MBC content of the early rice in the CK was lower than those in the acid rain treatments(P < 0.05), while that of the late rice was the opposite. There was a significant positive correlation between soil SOC and TN, TP, conductivity and water content in early rice(P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between soil SOC and TP in late rice(P < 0.01). Taking the CK of the early and late rice as the reference soil, the carbon storage activity(A) and carbon storage activity index(AI) of the early rice during greening period and late rice during jointing and mature periods in the acid rain treatment were lower than those of the CK, and there was no significant difference at other growth stages, and within a certain range, the paddy soil organic carbon pool maintained a certain degree of activity. The carbon pool index(CPI) and carbon pool management index(CPMI) of the early rice during greening period, late rice during jointing and mature periods in the acid rain treatments were significantly lower than those of the CK(P < 0.05). Acid rain treatment reduced the CPMI, which would be detrimental to rice growth.
引文
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[23] 汤宏,沈健林,张杨珠,等.秸秆还田与水分管理对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮及溶解性有机碳、氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):240-246.
[24] 薛萐,刘国彬,潘彦,等.黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林土壤活性有机碳与碳库管理指数演变[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1458-1464.
[25] 吴建平,陈小梅,褚国伟,等.南亚热带森林土壤有机碳组分对模拟酸雨的早期响应[J].广西植物,2015,35(1):64-68.
[26] 肖小平,唐海明,聂泽民,等.冬季覆盖作物残茬还田对双季稻田土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1202-1208.
[27] 王淑彬,王礼献,杨文亭,等.南方不同“冬种+双季稻”种植模式对土壤有机碳和作物产量的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(18):6603-6610.
[28] Liang C J,Ge Y Q,Su L,et al.Response of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings to simulated acid rain [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(1):535-545.
[29] 梁国华,李荣华,丘清燕,等.南亚热带两种优势树种叶凋落物分解对模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5728-5735.
[30] 吴玺,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻根系激素含量与生长的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):568-574.
[2] Wu J,Liang G,Hui D,et al.Prolonged acid rain facilitates soil organic carbon accumulation in a mature forest in Southern China [J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,544(1):94-102.
[3] Dai Z,Liu X,Wu J,et al.Impacts of simulated acid rain on recalcitrance of two different soils [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(6):4216-4224.
[4] 王安群,邹润莉,罗文华,等.湖南省酸雨污染现状特征分析及发展趋势研究[J].绿色科技,2011(5):1-5.
[5] Post W M,Kwon K C.Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change:Processes and potential [J].Global Change Biology,2000,6(3):317-327.
[6] Whitbread A M,Lefroy R D B,Blair G J.A survey of the impact of cropping on soil physical and chemical properties in north-western New South Wales [J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1998,36(4):669-681.
[7] Yan X,Cai Z,Wang S,et al.Direct measurement of soil organic carbon content change in the croplands of China [J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(3):1487-1496.
[8] Manu V,Whitbread A,Blair N,et al.Carbon status and structural stability of soils from differing land use systems in the Kingdom of Tonga [J].Soil Use and Management,2014,30(4):517-523.
[9] Cui F J,Liu J H,Li L J,et al.Effect of zero tillage with mulching on active soil organic carbon [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2012,21(9):195-200.
[10] Liang A Z,Zhang X P,Yang X M,et al.Dynamics of soil particulate organic carbon and mineral-incorporated organic carbon in black soils in northeast China [J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(1):153-158.
[11] 唐海明,程凯凯,肖小平,等.不同冬季覆盖作物对双季稻田土壤有机碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):465-473.
[12] 吴建富,曾研华,潘晓华,等.稻草还田方式对双季稻产量和土壤、碳库管理指数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1572-1578.
[13] 王丹丹,周亮,黄胜奇,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对表层土壤活性有机碳组分与产量的短期影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(4):735-740.
[14] 安婉丽,曾从盛,王维奇,等.模拟酸雨对福州平原水稻田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(10):3984-3994.
[15] Wang C,Wang W Q,Sardans J,et al.Effect of simulated acid rain on CO2,CH4 and N2O fluxes and rice productivity in a subtropical Chinese paddy field[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,243(11):1196-1205.
[16] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[17] Murphy D V,Macdonald A J,Stockdale E A,et al.Soluble organic nitrogen in agricultural soils [J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,30(5):374-387.
[18] Zhao F,Yang G,Han X,et al.Stratification of carbon fractions and carbon management index in deep soil affected by the grain-to-Green program in China [J].PLoS One,2014,9(6):e99657.
[19] 李蓉蓉,王俊,毛海兰,等.秸秆覆盖对冬小麦农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):187-192.
[20] 王小利,郭振,段建军,等.黄壤性水稻土有机碳及其组分对长期施肥的响应及其演变[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(23):4593-4601.
[21] 梁国华,吴建平,熊鑫,等.鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林土壤pH值和土壤微生物量碳氮对模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(6):911-918.
[22] Datta S P,Rattan R K,Chandra S.Labile soil organic carbon,soil fertility,and crop productivity as influenced by manure and mineral fertilizers in the tropics [J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2010,173(5):715-726.
[23] 汤宏,沈健林,张杨珠,等.秸秆还田与水分管理对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮及溶解性有机碳、氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):240-246.
[24] 薛萐,刘国彬,潘彦,等.黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林土壤活性有机碳与碳库管理指数演变[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(4):1458-1464.
[25] 吴建平,陈小梅,褚国伟,等.南亚热带森林土壤有机碳组分对模拟酸雨的早期响应[J].广西植物,2015,35(1):64-68.
[26] 肖小平,唐海明,聂泽民,等.冬季覆盖作物残茬还田对双季稻田土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1202-1208.
[27] 王淑彬,王礼献,杨文亭,等.南方不同“冬种+双季稻”种植模式对土壤有机碳和作物产量的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(18):6603-6610.
[28] Liang C J,Ge Y Q,Su L,et al.Response of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings to simulated acid rain [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(1):535-545.
[29] 梁国华,李荣华,丘清燕,等.南亚热带两种优势树种叶凋落物分解对模拟酸雨的响应[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5728-5735.
[30] 吴玺,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻根系激素含量与生长的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):568-574.
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