昆虫抗药性产生机制
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摘要
杀虫剂是害虫防治的有效途径之一,但随着杀虫剂长期和广泛的使用,昆虫种群对各种杀虫剂的敏感性降低,产生了抗药性,如何克服昆虫的抗药性是害虫综合治理的重要问题。近年来,借助基因组测序和遗传操作技术的发展,对昆虫抗药性的研究已经深入到细胞水平和分子水平,取得诸多重要的突破,为害虫抗性的控制奠定了理论基础。本文从常见杀虫剂的历史沿革及作用机理切入,从靶标抗性、代谢抗性和穿透抗性3个方面阐述了杀虫剂抗性产生的机制:杀虫剂作用位点的突变降低了靶标与杀虫剂的亲和力,细胞色素P450酶系和谷胱甘肽转移酶系的激活增加了杀虫剂的降解,表皮结构成分的变化和ABC转运蛋白的增加有效阻挡了杀虫剂的渗入。利用基因操作手段或抑制剂,对上述3种抗性机制的关键步骤进行调控可能成为未来杀虫剂抗性控制的新策略。
Insecticides are one of the most effective ways to control pests. However, with the long-term and widespread use of insecticides, insects have acquired reduced sensitivity to them, resulting in resistance. How to overcome the resistance of insects becomes an important issue in integrated pest management. Recently, with the development of genome sequencing and genetic manipulation techniques, the research on insect resistance has led to many important breakthroughs, providing a theoretical foundation for the control of pests. In this paper, we present the history and mechanism of common insecticides, paying special attention to the mechanisms of insecticide resistance from three aspects: target resistance, metabolic resistance, and penetration resistance. Point mutations at the insecticide site of action reduce the affinity of the target to the insecticide. Activation of the cytochrome P450 enzyme and the glutathione transferase systems increases the degradation of insecticides. Changes in the structural components of the epidermis and an increase in the ABC transporter can effectively block the penetration of the insecticide in the insect. The use of genetic manipulation or inhibitors to regulate the key steps of the above three resistance mechanisms may become a new strategy for future pest control.
Insecticides are one of the most effective ways to control pests. However, with the long-term and widespread use of insecticides, insects have acquired reduced sensitivity to them, resulting in resistance. How to overcome the resistance of insects becomes an important issue in integrated pest management. Recently, with the development of genome sequencing and genetic manipulation techniques, the research on insect resistance has led to many important breakthroughs, providing a theoretical foundation for the control of pests. In this paper, we present the history and mechanism of common insecticides, paying special attention to the mechanisms of insecticide resistance from three aspects: target resistance, metabolic resistance, and penetration resistance. Point mutations at the insecticide site of action reduce the affinity of the target to the insecticide. Activation of the cytochrome P450 enzyme and the glutathione transferase systems increases the degradation of insecticides. Changes in the structural components of the epidermis and an increase in the ABC transporter can effectively block the penetration of the insecticide in the insect. The use of genetic manipulation or inhibitors to regulate the key steps of the above three resistance mechanisms may become a new strategy for future pest control.
引文
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