邢台地区雾霾等低能见度天气的初步研究
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摘要
近年来随着经济的发展,雾霾现象却日趋严重,对城市大气环境、群众健康、交通安全、农业生产等都带来了日益显著的影响。通过对邢台2016年12月15日至2016年12月22日一次连续天气重污染过程的污染物变化特征进行分析,邢台地区冬季出现此次长时间重污染天气,SO2的标准偏差在五种污染物中整体偏小,CO质量质浓度变化较大,对降水反应最为敏感,标准偏差最大为1.999。地面风场整体较弱,中低层一直维持一个逆温结构,不利于大气湍流、水汽的垂直交换以及污染物的垂直扩散,为雾霾的长时间维持创造了良好的热力条件。加上低空气团所经地区都是污染企业较多地区,近地面气团途径地区有火点燃烧,使得邢台地区污染物浓度长时间维持,造成了此次邢台大气重污染。
In recent years,with the development of economy,fog and haze have become more and more serious,which has brought more and more significant impact on urban atmospheric environment,public health,traffic safety,agricultural production and so on.Through the analysis of the characteristics of pollutants in a continuous heavy weather pollution process from December 15,2016 to December 22,2016,the long-term heavy pollution weather in the Xingtai area occurred in winter,and the standard deviation of SO_2 was overall small among the five pollutants,and the mass and mass concentration of CO changed greatly.The most sensitive to precipitation reaction,the maximum standard deviation is1.999.The overall wind field on the ground is weak,and the middle and lower layers have maintained a reverse temperature structure,which is not conducive to atmospheric turbulence,vertical exchange of water vapor,and vertical diffusion of pollutants,creating good thermal conditions for the long-term maintenance of smog.In addition,the areas where the low air masses pass through are more polluted areas,and there are fire points burning near the surface air mass route areas,which causes the concentration of pollutants in the Xingtai area to be maintained for a long time,resulting in heavy atmospheric pollution in Xingtai.
In recent years,with the development of economy,fog and haze have become more and more serious,which has brought more and more significant impact on urban atmospheric environment,public health,traffic safety,agricultural production and so on.Through the analysis of the characteristics of pollutants in a continuous heavy weather pollution process from December 15,2016 to December 22,2016,the long-term heavy pollution weather in the Xingtai area occurred in winter,and the standard deviation of SO_2 was overall small among the five pollutants,and the mass and mass concentration of CO changed greatly.The most sensitive to precipitation reaction,the maximum standard deviation is1.999.The overall wind field on the ground is weak,and the middle and lower layers have maintained a reverse temperature structure,which is not conducive to atmospheric turbulence,vertical exchange of water vapor,and vertical diffusion of pollutants,creating good thermal conditions for the long-term maintenance of smog.In addition,the areas where the low air masses pass through are more polluted areas,and there are fire points burning near the surface air mass route areas,which causes the concentration of pollutants in the Xingtai area to be maintained for a long time,resulting in heavy atmospheric pollution in Xingtai.
引文
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[2]赵秀娟,蒲维维,孟伟,等.北京地区秋季雾霾天PM2.5污染与气溶胶光学特征分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):416-423.
[3]庄颜.雾霾天气变化特征观测与分析[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2016(3):58-62.
[4]刘梅,严文莲,张备,等.2013年1月江苏雾霾天气持续和增强机制分析[J].气象,2014,40(7):835-843.
[5]花丛,张碧辉,张恒德,等.2013年1-2月华北雾霾天气边界层特征对比分析[J].气象,2015,41(9):1144-1151.
[6]王勇,刘严平,李江波,等.水汽和风速对雾霾中PM2.5/PM10变化的影响[J].灾害学,2015,30(1):5-7.
[7]孙冉,王鸿宇,马骁骏,等.上海一次典型雾霾过程中不同天气现象的气溶胶光学特性及转化机制[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):814-823.
[8]刘端阳,张靖,吴序鹏,等.淮安一次雾霾过程的污染物变化特征及来源分析[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(4):484-492.
[9]廖晓农,张小玲,王迎春,等.北京地区冬夏季持续性雾_霾发生的环境气象条件对比分析[J]环境科学,2014,35(6):2031-2044.
[10]赵秀丽,李德鑫,刘长捷,等.雾衰减对雷达探测距离影响分析[J]国外电子测量技术,2011,30(10):25-28.
[11]何艳丽,黄飞龙.地波雷达在海面风场探测的应用[J]国外电子测量技术,2013,32(12):80-83.
[12]陈锋立,王春明,任思衡,等.西安地区一次大雾过程的数值模拟研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):9081-9085.
[13]吴兑,廖国莲,邓雪娇,等.珠江三角洲霾天气的近地层输送条件研究[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(1):1-9.
[14]吴蒙,绍佳,吴兑,等.广州地区灰霾与清洁天气变化特征及影响因素分析[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1409-1415.
[15]刘小宁,张洪政,李庆祥.等.我国大雾的气候特征及变化初步解释[J].气象应用学报,2005.16(4):220-230.
[16]胡亚旦,周自江.中国霾天气的气候特征分析[J].气象,2009,35(7):73-78.
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