东平湖仍有洄游型刀鲚分布的实证研究
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摘要
2016年5月用刺网和拖网等在山东省境内东平湖水域采集5尾刀鲚Coilia nasus,利用电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)研究刀鲚的矢耳石微化学特征。定量线分析结果显示,东平湖刀鲚分为两个群体:洄游群体和淡水群体。洄游群体以DP2、DP5为代表,具有反映其淡水生活履历的低锶钙值区域(0～1 250μm,0～1 310μm)和对应河口生活的高值区域(1 260～1 690μm,1 320～1 790μm)。淡水群体以DP1、DP4、DP6为代表,只有淡水生活的低值区域。本文重建了东平湖刀鲚的生境履历:洄游群体在东平湖内孵化和完成早期生活后进入盐度较高的河口区索饵育肥,生殖期不在黄河河道中滞留而直接洄游进入东平湖产卵;淡水群体则常年生活在东平湖,无洄游特征。
An electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA)was applied to analyze the element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns in otoliths of five samples of tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus collected by gill nets and trawls from Dongping Lake in Shandong province, China, in May 2016. The line transect analysis showed that the tapertail anchovy in Dongping Lake was categorized into two stocks: the anadromous stock represented by DP2 and DP5 and the freshwater stock represented by DP1, DP4 and DP6. The anadromous stock had a complex Sr/Ca ratio stages, with a lower Sr/Ca ratio area(0～1 250 μm,and 0～1 310 μm)in one stage and a higher Sr/Ca ratio(1 260～1 690 μm and 1 320～1 790 μm)in the other stage, indicating that they experienced not only in the fresh water, but also migrated into the brackish water in their life. The freshwater stock showed a single Sr and Ca microchemistry pattern which just inhabited in the fresh water. The otolith of DP1, DP4 and DP6 presented a uniform bluish pattern from the core to the outermost regions. In contrast,DP2 and DP5 showed a multi-color pattern, as they grew up, yellowish in outer regions adjacent to the bluish central regions. The element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns revealed that tapertail anchovy in Dongping Lake spawned incubated and developed and grew in post-hatching at low salinity and, as growing up, preferred the high salinity habitats for feeding, migration, and reproduction back to Dongping Lake. The freshwater stock just inhabited in Dongping Lake all their life cycle without migration characteristics. The findings will provide the basic information and important data to direct the future ecological economic development and to protect the resources of tapertail anchovy more effectively in Dongping Lake.
An electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA)was applied to analyze the element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns in otoliths of five samples of tapertail anchovy Coilia nasus collected by gill nets and trawls from Dongping Lake in Shandong province, China, in May 2016. The line transect analysis showed that the tapertail anchovy in Dongping Lake was categorized into two stocks: the anadromous stock represented by DP2 and DP5 and the freshwater stock represented by DP1, DP4 and DP6. The anadromous stock had a complex Sr/Ca ratio stages, with a lower Sr/Ca ratio area(0～1 250 μm,and 0～1 310 μm)in one stage and a higher Sr/Ca ratio(1 260～1 690 μm and 1 320～1 790 μm)in the other stage, indicating that they experienced not only in the fresh water, but also migrated into the brackish water in their life. The freshwater stock showed a single Sr and Ca microchemistry pattern which just inhabited in the fresh water. The otolith of DP1, DP4 and DP6 presented a uniform bluish pattern from the core to the outermost regions. In contrast,DP2 and DP5 showed a multi-color pattern, as they grew up, yellowish in outer regions adjacent to the bluish central regions. The element Sr and Ca microchemistry patterns revealed that tapertail anchovy in Dongping Lake spawned incubated and developed and grew in post-hatching at low salinity and, as growing up, preferred the high salinity habitats for feeding, migration, and reproduction back to Dongping Lake. The freshwater stock just inhabited in Dongping Lake all their life cycle without migration characteristics. The findings will provide the basic information and important data to direct the future ecological economic development and to protect the resources of tapertail anchovy more effectively in Dongping Lake.
引文
[1]蔡德霖,汲岱昌,周才武.黄河下游刀鲚的生态和渔业概况[J].山东大学学报:自然科学版,1980(2):97-107.
[2]周晓犊,杨金权,唐文乔,等.基于线粒体COⅠ基因DNA条形码的中国鲚属物种有效性分析[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(4):819-826.
[3]高桂芹.东平湖湿地生态系统健康评价研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2006.
[4]姜涛,周昕期,刘洪波,等.鄱阳湖刀鲚耳石的两种微化学特征[J].水产学报,2013,37(2):239-244.
[5]李秀启,丛旭日,师吉华,等.耳石锶标记在识别鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）放流个体的可行性[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(4):914-922.
[6]窦硕增,横内一樹,于鑫,等.基于EPMA的耳石Sr:Ca比分析及其在鱼类生活履历反演中的应用实例研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(4):512-520.
[7]徐钢春,顾若波,刘洪波,等.长江短颌鲚耳石Sr/Ca值变化特征及其江海洄游履历[J].水产学报,2014,38(7):939-945.
[8]杨健,刘洪波.长江口崇明水域鲻鱼耳石元素微化学分析[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):853-858.
[9] Yang J, Arai T, Liu H, et al. Reconstructing habitat use of Coilia mystus and Coilia ectenes of the Yangtza River estuary, and of Coilia ectenes of Taihu Lake, based on otolith strontium and calcium[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69(4):1120-1135.
[10] Wells B K, Bath G E, Thorrold S R, et al. Incorportation of strontium, cadmium, and barium in juvenile spot(Leiostomus xanthurus)scales reflects water chemistry[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2000,57(10):2122-2129.
[11] Gillanders B M. Otolith chemistry to determine movements of diadromous and freshwater fish[J]. Aquatic Living Resources, 2005, 18(3):291-300.
[12] Arai T, Yang J, Miyazaki N. Migration flexibility between freshwater and marine habitats of the pond smelt Hypomesus nipponensis[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2006,68(5):1388-1398.
[13]姜涛.基于耳石形态和微化学特征的我国鲚属鱼类洄游生态学研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[14]陈婷婷,姜涛,卢明杰,等.基于耳石微化学的长江靖江段长颌鲚与短颌鲚生境履历重建[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(1):149-155.
[15] Secor D H, Rooker J R. Is otolith strontium a useful scalar of life cycles in estuarine fishes[J]. Fisheries Research,2000, 46(1):359-371.
[16] Yang J, Jiang T, Liu H B. Are there habitat salinity markers of the Sr:Ca ratio in the otolith of wild diadromous fishes? A literature survey[J]. Ichthyol Res, 2011, 58(3):291-294.
[17] Browan R J, Severin K P. Otolith chemistry analyses indicate that water Sr:Ca is the primary factor influencing otolith Sr:Ca for freshwater and diadromous fish but not for marine fish[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic sciences, 2009, 66(10):1790-1808.
[18] Matsui S, Tomishige S I, Tsukahara H. Ecological studies on the engraulid fish, Coilia nasus Temminck et SchlegelⅡ. the effect of salinity on embryonic development and hatch[J]. Science Bulletin of the Faculty of the Agriculture Kyusku University, 1986, 40(4):229-234.
[19]熊瑛,刘洪波,刘培廷,等.基于耳石元素微化学的江苏吕泗近岸小黄鱼生境履历重建[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):836-842.
[20]李孟孟,姜涛,陈婷婷,等.长江安庆江段刀鲚耳石微化学及洄游生态学意义[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2788-2795.
[21] Jiang T, Hongbo L, Xinqiang S, et al. Life history variations among different populations of Coilia nasus along the Chinese coast inferred from otolith microchemistry[J].Kyushu University, 2014, 59(2):383-389.
[2]周晓犊,杨金权,唐文乔,等.基于线粒体COⅠ基因DNA条形码的中国鲚属物种有效性分析[J].动物分类学报,2010,35(4):819-826.
[3]高桂芹.东平湖湿地生态系统健康评价研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2006.
[4]姜涛,周昕期,刘洪波,等.鄱阳湖刀鲚耳石的两种微化学特征[J].水产学报,2013,37(2):239-244.
[5]李秀启,丛旭日,师吉华,等.耳石锶标记在识别鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）放流个体的可行性[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(4):914-922.
[6]窦硕增,横内一樹,于鑫,等.基于EPMA的耳石Sr:Ca比分析及其在鱼类生活履历反演中的应用实例研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(4):512-520.
[7]徐钢春,顾若波,刘洪波,等.长江短颌鲚耳石Sr/Ca值变化特征及其江海洄游履历[J].水产学报,2014,38(7):939-945.
[8]杨健,刘洪波.长江口崇明水域鲻鱼耳石元素微化学分析[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):853-858.
[9] Yang J, Arai T, Liu H, et al. Reconstructing habitat use of Coilia mystus and Coilia ectenes of the Yangtza River estuary, and of Coilia ectenes of Taihu Lake, based on otolith strontium and calcium[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69(4):1120-1135.
[10] Wells B K, Bath G E, Thorrold S R, et al. Incorportation of strontium, cadmium, and barium in juvenile spot(Leiostomus xanthurus)scales reflects water chemistry[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2000,57(10):2122-2129.
[11] Gillanders B M. Otolith chemistry to determine movements of diadromous and freshwater fish[J]. Aquatic Living Resources, 2005, 18(3):291-300.
[12] Arai T, Yang J, Miyazaki N. Migration flexibility between freshwater and marine habitats of the pond smelt Hypomesus nipponensis[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2006,68(5):1388-1398.
[13]姜涛.基于耳石形态和微化学特征的我国鲚属鱼类洄游生态学研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[14]陈婷婷,姜涛,卢明杰,等.基于耳石微化学的长江靖江段长颌鲚与短颌鲚生境履历重建[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(1):149-155.
[15] Secor D H, Rooker J R. Is otolith strontium a useful scalar of life cycles in estuarine fishes[J]. Fisheries Research,2000, 46(1):359-371.
[16] Yang J, Jiang T, Liu H B. Are there habitat salinity markers of the Sr:Ca ratio in the otolith of wild diadromous fishes? A literature survey[J]. Ichthyol Res, 2011, 58(3):291-294.
[17] Browan R J, Severin K P. Otolith chemistry analyses indicate that water Sr:Ca is the primary factor influencing otolith Sr:Ca for freshwater and diadromous fish but not for marine fish[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic sciences, 2009, 66(10):1790-1808.
[18] Matsui S, Tomishige S I, Tsukahara H. Ecological studies on the engraulid fish, Coilia nasus Temminck et SchlegelⅡ. the effect of salinity on embryonic development and hatch[J]. Science Bulletin of the Faculty of the Agriculture Kyusku University, 1986, 40(4):229-234.
[19]熊瑛,刘洪波,刘培廷,等.基于耳石元素微化学的江苏吕泗近岸小黄鱼生境履历重建[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):836-842.
[20]李孟孟,姜涛,陈婷婷,等.长江安庆江段刀鲚耳石微化学及洄游生态学意义[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2788-2795.
[21] Jiang T, Hongbo L, Xinqiang S, et al. Life history variations among different populations of Coilia nasus along the Chinese coast inferred from otolith microchemistry[J].Kyushu University, 2014, 59(2):383-389.
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