不同降水条件下荒漠草原植物的养分含量及回收对增温和氮素添加的响应
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摘要
为了探讨荒漠草原植物养分回收特征对长期增温和氮素添加的响应以及自然降水变异对其的调控作用,该研究依托实施12年的模拟增温和氮素添加实验平台,在相对多雨的2016年(超过长期均值52%)和相对少雨的2017年(低于长期均值16%),以常见C_3植物银灰旋花(Convolvulus ammannii)和C_4植物木地肤(Kochia prostrata)为研究对象,测定分析绿叶和枯叶的氮磷含量及回收效率。结果表明:(1)在相对多雨年(2016年),增温使2种植物的绿叶氮、枯叶氮、绿叶磷、枯叶磷含量分别增加了14.32%、25.45%、17.97%和46.47%,氮、磷回收效率分别显著减小了9.41%和16.99%(P<0.05);氮素添加使2种植物的绿叶氮、枯叶氮、绿叶磷、枯叶磷含量分别提高了17.32%、25.62%、20.21%和51.41%,而氮、磷回收效率显著降低了9.33%和18.89%(P<0.05);增温+氮素添加共同处理显著增加了植物氮磷含量、降低了氮磷回收效率。(2)在相对少雨年(2017年),增温、氮素添加、增温+氮素添加处理对植物叶片氮磷含量、回收效率均无显著影响。(3)叶片氮磷含量在物种间差异极显著(P<0.000 1),而氮磷回收效率在物种间无显著差异。(4)回归分析表明,植物叶片氮磷含量随着土壤无机氮、有效磷及含水量的增加而增加,植物氮磷回收效率则随着土壤养分和水分的可利用性的增加而降低。研究认为,荒漠草原植物养分回收对全球变化的响应受自然降水变异的调控。
Based on a 12-year simulated warming and nitrogen(N)addition experiment, we explored the effects of warming and N addition on nutrient resorption for two common species, C_3 plant Convolvulus ammannii and C_4 plant Kochia prostrata, in 2016 with 52% above the long-term mean precipitation and in 2017 with 16% below the long-term mean. Plant N and phosphorus(P)contents, and resorption efficiencies were measured and analyzed. The results showed that:(1) in the wet year(2016), warming led to increases of 14.32% in green leaf N, 25.45% in senesced leaf N, 17.97% in green leaf P, 46.47% in senesced leaf P, and the N and P resorption efficiency significantly decreased by 9.41% and 16.99%(P < 0.05). N addition enhanced N contents in green and senesced leaves by 17.32% and 25.62%, and P contents in green and senesced leaves by 20.21% and 51.41%, but it significantly reduced N and P resorption efficiency by 9.33% and 18.89%(P < 0.05). Combined warming and N addition increased leaf N and P contents, and decreased resorption efficiency.(2) In the dry year(2017), warming and N addition, had no significant effect on these plant nutrient characteristics.(3) Significant differences in leaf N and P contents were found between the two species, and those of resorption efficiency were not observed.(4) Regression analysis indicated that N and P concentrations in plant leaves increased with soil N, P and water availability, while the resorption efficiency of plant N and P decreased with soil N, P and water availability. Research showed that the responses of nutrient resorption to warming and N addition could be mediated by variations of natural precipitation in a desert steppe.
Based on a 12-year simulated warming and nitrogen(N)addition experiment, we explored the effects of warming and N addition on nutrient resorption for two common species, C_3 plant Convolvulus ammannii and C_4 plant Kochia prostrata, in 2016 with 52% above the long-term mean precipitation and in 2017 with 16% below the long-term mean. Plant N and phosphorus(P)contents, and resorption efficiencies were measured and analyzed. The results showed that:(1) in the wet year(2016), warming led to increases of 14.32% in green leaf N, 25.45% in senesced leaf N, 17.97% in green leaf P, 46.47% in senesced leaf P, and the N and P resorption efficiency significantly decreased by 9.41% and 16.99%(P < 0.05). N addition enhanced N contents in green and senesced leaves by 17.32% and 25.62%, and P contents in green and senesced leaves by 20.21% and 51.41%, but it significantly reduced N and P resorption efficiency by 9.33% and 18.89%(P < 0.05). Combined warming and N addition increased leaf N and P contents, and decreased resorption efficiency.(2) In the dry year(2017), warming and N addition, had no significant effect on these plant nutrient characteristics.(3) Significant differences in leaf N and P contents were found between the two species, and those of resorption efficiency were not observed.(4) Regression analysis indicated that N and P concentrations in plant leaves increased with soil N, P and water availability, while the resorption efficiency of plant N and P decreased with soil N, P and water availability. Research showed that the responses of nutrient resorption to warming and N addition could be mediated by variations of natural precipitation in a desert steppe.
引文
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[5] 赵艳艳,周华坤,姚步青,等.长期增温对高寒草甸植物群落和土壤养分的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):665-671.ZHAO Y Y,ZHOU H K,YAO B Q,et al.The influence of long-term simulating warming to the plant community and soil nutrient of alpine meadow[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2015,23(4):665-671.
[6] GU F X,ZHANG Y D,HUANG M,et al.Effects of climate warming on net primary productivity in China during 1961-2010[J].Ecology and Evolution,2017,7(17):6 736-6 746.
[7] YUAN Z,CHEN H.Decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus in terrestrial plants associated with global changes[J].Nature Climate Change,2015,5(5):465-469
[8] 郑循华,符聪斌,徐星凯,等.亚洲氮循环案例研究[J].AMBIO-人类环境杂志,2002,31(2):79-87,198.ZHENG X H,FU C B,XU X K,et al.The Asian nitrogen cycle case study[J].Ambio,2002,31(2):79-87,198.
[9] 张璐璐,李艳,王孝安,等.刈割与施肥对高寒草甸土壤和植物N、P化学计量学特征的影响[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(11):2 256-2 264.ZHANG L L,LI Y,WANG X A,et al.The effects of clipping and fertilizing on the N,P eco-stoichiometric characters of soil and plants in alpine meadow[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(11):2 256-2 264.
[10] ISBELL F,REICH P B,TILMAN D,et al.Nutrient enrichment,biodiversity loss,and consequent declines in ecosystem productivity[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(29):11 911-11 916.
[11] AERTS R,CHAPIN F S.The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:A Re-evaluation of processes and patterns[J].Advances in Ecological Research,1999,30:1-67.
[12] DENG M,LIU L,JIANG L,et al.Ecosystem scale trade-off in nitrogen acquisition pathways[J].Nature Ecology & Evolution,2018,2(11):1 724-1 734.
[13] AERTS R,CORNELISSEN J H C,VAN LOGTESTIJN R S P,et al.Climate change has only a minor impact on nutrient resorption parameters in a high-latitude peatland[J].Oecologia,2007,151(1):132-139.
[14] FR?BERG M,GRIP H,TIPPING E,et al.Long-term effects of experimental fertilization and soil warming on dissolved organic matter leaching from a spruce forest in Northern Sweden[J].Geoderma,2013,200-201:172-179.
[15] SARDANS J,PE?UELAS J,ESTIARTE M.Warming and drought alter soil phosphatase activity and soil P availability in a Mediterranean shrubland[J].Plant and Soil,2006,289(1-2):227-238.
[16] YUAN Z Y,CHEN H Y H.Negative effects of fertilization on plant nutrient resorption[J].Ecology,2015,96(2):373-380.
[17] 王乔姝怡,郑成洋,张歆阳,等.氮添加对武夷山亚热带常绿阔叶林植物叶片氮磷化学计量特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(11):1 124-1 135.WANGQIAO S Y,ZHENG C Y,ZHANG X Y,et al.Impacts of nitrogen addition on foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mount Wuyi[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,40(11):1 124-1 135.
[18] 安卓,牛得草,文海燕,等.氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原长芒草氮磷重吸收率及C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):801-807.AN Z,NIU D C,WEN H Y,et al.Effects of N addition on nutrient resorption efficiency and C∶N∶P stoichiometric characteristics in Stipa bungeana of steppe grasslands in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(8):801-807.
[19] PE?UELAS J,SARDANS J,RIVAS-UBACH A,et al.The human-induced imbalance between C,N and P in Earth's life system[J].Global Change Biology,2012,18(1):3-6.
[20] Lü X,KONG D L,PAN Q M,et al.Nitrogen and water availability interact to affect leaf stoichiometry in a semi-arid grassland[J].Oecologia,2012,168(2):301-310.
[21] ROWE E C,SMART S M,KENNEDY V H,et al.Nitrogen deposition increases the acquisition of phosphorus and potassium by heather Calluna vulgaris[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,155(2):201-207.
[22] LI L,GAO X P,LI X Y,et al.Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption of two dominant alpine perennial grass species in response to contrasting N and P availability[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2016,127:37-44.
[23] WANG S,WANG X B,HAN X G,et al.Higher precipitation strengthens the microbial interactions in semi-arid grassland soils[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2018,27(5):570-580.
[24] Lü X,HAN X G.Nutrient resorption responses to water and nitrogen amendment in semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia,China[J].Plant and Soil,2010,327(1-2):481-491.
[25] HENRY H A L,MOISE E R D.Grass litter responses to warming and N addition:temporal variation in the contributions of litter quality and environmental effects to decomposition[J].Plant and Soil,2015,389(1-2):35-43.
[26] ZHAO C Z,LIU Q.Effects of soil warming and nitrogen fertilization on leaf physiology of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2012,34(5):1 837-1 846.
[27] BAI Y F,WU J G,CLARK C M,et al.Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:evidence from inner Mongolia Grasslands[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(1):358-372.
[28] REN H Y,KANG J,YUAN Z Y,et al.Responses of nutrient resorption to warming and nitrogen fertilization in contrasting wet and dry years in a desert grassland[J].Plant and Soil,2018,432(1-2):65-73.
[29] VERGUTZ L,MANZONI S,PORPORATO A,et al.Global resorption efficiencies and concentrations of carbon and nutrients in leaves of terrestrial plants[J].Ecological Monographs,2012,82(2):205-220.
[30] CARRERA A L,SAIN C,BERTILLER M B.Patterns of nitrogen conservation in shrubs and grasses in the Patagonian monte,Argentina[J].Plant and Soil,2000,224(2):185-193.
[31] YUAN Z Y,CHEN H Y H.Global-scale patterns of nutrient resorption associated with latitude,temperature and precipitation[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2009,18(1):11-18.
[32] KILLINGBECK K T.Nutrients in senesced leaves:keys to the search for potential resorption and resorption proficiency[J].Ecology,1996,77(6):1 716-1 727.
[33] SARDANS J,PE?UELAS J,ESTIARTE M.Warming and drought change trace element bioaccumulation patterns in a Mediterranean shrubland[J].Chemosphere,2008,70(5):874-885.
[34] SARDANS J,PE?UELAS J.Introduction of the factor of partitioning in the lithogenic enrichment factors of trace element bioaccumulation in plant tissues[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2006,115(1-3):473-498.
[35] REICH P B,OLEKSYN J.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11 001-11 006.
[36] AN Y,WAN S Q,ZHOU X H,et al.Plant nitrogen concentration,use efficiency,and contents in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem under experimental warming[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(10):1 733-1 744.
[37] SUSEELA V,THARAYIL N,XING B S,et al.Warming and drought differentially influence the production and resorption of elemental and metabolic nitrogen pools in Quercus rubra[J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(11):4 177-4 195.
[38] PENUELAS J.PHENOLOGY:responses to a warming world[J].Science,2001,294(5 543):793-795.
[39] PROIETTI P.Gas exchange in senescing leaves of Olea europaea L[J].Photosynthetica,1998,35(4):579-587.
[40] LIU W X,ZHANG Z,WAN S Q.Predominant role of water in regulating soil and microbial respiration and their responses to climate change in a semiarid grassland[J].Global Change Biology,2009,15(1):184-195.
[41] CUI Q,Lü X,WANG Q B,et al.Nitrogen fertilization and fire act independently on foliar stoichiometry in a temperate steppe[J].Plant and Soil,2010,334(1-2):209-219.
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