高温冻结粉土力学特性试验研究
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摘要
为了探讨高温冻结粉土的力学特性,进行了一系列常规三轴压缩和三轴压缩加卸载试验。结果表明:(1)随着围压的增大,应力应变曲线先表现为应变软化,后应变硬化,最后又应变软化。(2)体积应变曲线均表现为先体缩后体胀,且围压越大,体胀越弱。(3)通过引入改进的双曲线模型,能较好地模拟应变软化和硬化特性。在q-p平面内建立了一个新的强度准则,并利用修正Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,探讨了黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ的变化规律。根据试验结果,确定了不同围压及不同加卸载循环次数下高温冻结粉土的回弹模量及其损伤变化规律。最后,建立了塑性体积变形和塑性剪切变形之间的关系式和表达式,进一步探讨了高温冻结粉土的剪胀特性。
In order to investigate the mechanical properties of warm frozen silt soils, a series of triaxial compression tests and repeated shear loading-unloading tests were conducted. Experimental results indicated that:(1) with the increasing of the confining pressures, the stress-strain changing from strain softening to strain hardening, then strain softening occurred again;(2) the volumetric curves presented a compressive tendency at first, followed by a dilation; the higher the confining pressures were, the smaller the dilation phenomenon would become;(3) the stress-strain curves, which presented strain softening and hardening phenomenon, were well simulated by an improved hyperbolic model. A new strength criterion was proposed in q-p plane, which could well describe the evolution of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing of mean effective stress. The regularities of cohesion c and internal frictional angle φ for warm frozen silt soils were investigated on the basis of the modified Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. According to the repeated triaxial shear loading-unloading tests, the resilient modulus of warm frozen silt soils were determined with different loading-unloading cycles under different confining pressures. At the same time, the damage evolution was explored. Finally, the relationship between plastic volumetric strain and plastic shear strain was established and expressed by an empirical mathematical formulation. Later, the characteristics of dilatancy were investigated under different confining pressures as well.
In order to investigate the mechanical properties of warm frozen silt soils, a series of triaxial compression tests and repeated shear loading-unloading tests were conducted. Experimental results indicated that:(1) with the increasing of the confining pressures, the stress-strain changing from strain softening to strain hardening, then strain softening occurred again;(2) the volumetric curves presented a compressive tendency at first, followed by a dilation; the higher the confining pressures were, the smaller the dilation phenomenon would become;(3) the stress-strain curves, which presented strain softening and hardening phenomenon, were well simulated by an improved hyperbolic model. A new strength criterion was proposed in q-p plane, which could well describe the evolution of increasing first and then decreasing with increasing of mean effective stress. The regularities of cohesion c and internal frictional angle φ for warm frozen silt soils were investigated on the basis of the modified Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. According to the repeated triaxial shear loading-unloading tests, the resilient modulus of warm frozen silt soils were determined with different loading-unloading cycles under different confining pressures. At the same time, the damage evolution was explored. Finally, the relationship between plastic volumetric strain and plastic shear strain was established and expressed by an empirical mathematical formulation. Later, the characteristics of dilatancy were investigated under different confining pressures as well.
引文
[1] Qi Jilin,Ma Wei.State-of-art of research on mechanical properties of frozen soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):133-143.[齐吉琳,马巍.冻土的力学性质及研究现状[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):133-143.]
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[5] Qi Jilin,Ma Wei.A new criterion for strength of frozen sand under quick triaxial compression considering effect of confining pressure[J].Acta Geotechnica,2007,2(3):221-226.
[6] Zhang De,Liu Enlong,Liu Xingyan,et al.A new strength criterion for frozen soils considering the influence of temperature and coarse-grained contents[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2017,143:1-12.
[7] Ma Wei,Wu Ziwang,Zhang Changqing.Strength and yield criterion of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1993,15(1):129-133.[马巍,吴紫汪,张长庆.冻土的强度与屈服准则[J].冰川冻土,1993,15(1):129-133.]
[8] Ma Wei,Wu Ziwang,Sheng Yu.Effect of confining pressure on strength behavior of frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(5):7-11.[马巍,吴紫汪,盛煜.围压对冻土强度特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(5):7-11.]
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[10] Ming Feng,Li Dongqing,Chen Shijie.Impact of water migration on meso-structure of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):671-678.[明锋,李东庆,陈世杰.水分迁移对冻土细观结构的影响[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):671-678.]
[11] Ma Min,Bing Hui,Li Guoyu.Experiment research on unfrozen water content of sodium sulphate saline soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(4):963-969.[马敏,邴慧,李国玉.硫酸钠盐渍土未冻水含量的实验研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(4):963-969.]
[12] Cai Zhengyin,Wu Zhiqiang,Huang Yinghao,et al.Experimental study on the factors influencing the uniaxial compressive strength of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(4):1002-1008.[蔡正银,吴志强,黄英豪,等.冻土单轴抗压强度影响因素的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(4):1002-1008.]
[13] Li Shuangyang,Lai Yuanming,Zhang Mingyi,et al.Study on distribution laws of elastic modulus and strength of warm frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Suppl 2):4299-4305.[李双洋,赖远明,张明义,等.高温冻土弹性模量及强度分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):4299-4305.]
[14] Ma Xiaojie,Zhang Jianming,Chang Xiaoxiao,et al.Experimental study on creep of warm and ice-rich frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(6):848-852.[马小杰,张建明,常小晓,等.高温-高含冰量冻土蠕变试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(6):848-852.]
[15] Ma Xiaojie,Zhang Jianming,Chang Xiaoxiao,et al.Experimental research on strength of warm and ice-rich frozen clays[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2498-2502.[马小杰,张建明,常小晓,等.高温-高含冰量冻结黏土强度试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2498-2502.]
[16] Ma Xiaojie,Zhang Jianming,Zheng Bo,et al.Study on warm and ice-rich permafrost beneath Qinghai-Tibet Railway embankment with pressiometer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(3):764-768.[马小杰,张建明,郑波,等.青藏铁路路基下高温-高含冰量冻土旁压试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):764-768.]
[17] Du Haimin,Zhang Shujuan,Ma Wei.Study of the uniaxial compressive strength characteristics of frozen soil with high ice water content[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1213-1219.[杜海民,张淑娟,马巍.高含冰(水)量冻土的单轴抗压强度变化特性研究[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1213-1219.]
[18] Guo Xueluan,Qi Jilin,Dang Boxiang,et al.Experimental study on temperature threshold for warm frozen sand in terms of mechanical properties[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2018,40(3):539-545.[郭雪鸾,齐吉琳,党博翔,等.高温冻结砂土温度界限试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2018,40(3):539-545.]
[19] Zhou Guoqing,Hu Kun,Zhao Xiaodong,et al.Laboratory investigation on tensile strength characteristics of warm frozen soils[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2015,113:81-90.
[20] Zhao Xiaodong,Zhou Guoqing,Lu Guilin,et al.Thermal gradient dependent deformation behavior of frozen soil and its mechanism at temperatures close to 0 ℃[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2017,135:105-115.
[21] Lai Yuanming,Li Jingbo,Li Qingze.Study on damage statistical constitutive model and stochastic simulation for warm ice-rich frozen silt[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2012,71(2):102-110.
[22] Lai Yuanming,Li Shuangyang,Qi Jilin,et al.Strength distributions of warm frozen clay and its stochastic damage constitutive model[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2008,53(2):200-215.
[23] Li Shuangyang,Lai Yuanming,Zhang Shujuan,et al.An improved statistical damage constitutive model for warm frozen clay based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2009,57(2):154-159.
[24] Li Qingze,Lai Yuanming,Xu Xiangtian,et al.Triaxial strength distribution of warm frozen soil and its damage statistical constitutive model[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(6):1234-1241.[李清泽,赖远明,徐湘田,等.高温冻土三轴强度分布及损伤统计本构模型[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(6):1234-1241.]
[25] Jiao Guide,Zhao Shuping,Ma Wei,et al.Evolution laws of hysteresis loops of frozen soil under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(8):1553-1558.[焦贵德,赵淑萍,马巍,等.循环荷载下高温冻土的变形和强度特性[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(8):1553-1558.]
[26] Shi Yehui,He Ping,Bian Xiaolin.Experimental study on dynamic mechanical parameters of warm frozen soil of Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].Subgrade Engineering,2006(5):93-95.[施烨辉,何平,卞晓琳.青藏铁路高温冻土动力学参数试验研究[J].路基工程,2006(5):93-95.]
[27] Gao Zhihua,Lai Yuanming,Xiong Ergang,et al.Experimental study of characteristics of warm and ice-rich frozen clay under cyclic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1744-1751.[高志华,赖远明,熊二刚,等.循环荷载作用下高温-高含冰量冻土特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1744-1751.]
[28] Zhou Zhiwei,Ma Wei,Zhang Shujuan,et al.Multiaxial creep of frozen loess[J].Mechanics of Materials,2016,95:172-191.
[29] Yang Yugui,Lai Yuanming,Chang Xiaoxiao.Experimental and theoretical studies on the creep behavior of warm ice-rich frozen sand[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,63(1):61-67.
[30] Yang Yugui,Lai Yuanming,Pu Yibin,et al.Experimental analysis of damage of ice-rich frozen silt under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3063-3068.[杨玉贵,赖远明,蒲毅彬,等.高含冰量冻结粉土单轴受压损伤特性试验分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3063-3068.]
[31] Zheng Bo,Zhang Jianming,Ma Xiaojie,et al.Study on compression deformation of warm and ice-enriched frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Suppl 1):3063-3068.[郑波,张建明,马小杰,等.高温-高含冰量冻土压缩变形特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3063-3068.]
[32] Wang Songhe,Qi Jilin.Experimental study of relaxation characteristics of warm permafrost[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(6):1660-1666.[王松鹤,齐吉琳.高温冻土松弛特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(6):1660-1666.]
[33] Liu Shiwei,Zhang Jianming.Review on physic-mechanical properties of warm frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(1):120-129.[刘世伟,张建明.高温冻土物理力学特性研究现状[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(1):120-129.]
[34] Yu Tianqing,Li Houmin,Mao Weimin.Tensor analysis and its application in mechanics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2014.[余天庆,李厚民,毛为民.张量分析及在力学中的应用[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2014.]
[2] Li Shuxun,Cheng Guodong.Numerical simulation of the future change of thermal regime in the high temperature permafrost of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under climate warming[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1996,18(Suppl 1):190-196.[李述训,程国栋.气候变暖条件下青藏高原高温冻土热状况变化趋势数值模拟[J].冰川冻土,1996,18(增刊1):190-196.]
[3] Lai Yuanming,Cheng Hongbin,Gao Zhihua,et al.Stress-strain relationships and nonlinear Mohr strength criterion of frozen sand clay[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):1612-1617.[赖远明,程红彬,高志华,等.冻结砂土的应力-应变关系及非线性莫尔强度准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):1612-1617.]
[4] Lai Yuanming,Yang Yugui,Chang Xiaoxiao,et al.Strength criterion and elastoplastic constitutive model of frozen silt in generalized plastic-mechanics[J].International Journal of Plasticity,2010,26(10):1461-1484.
[5] Qi Jilin,Ma Wei.A new criterion for strength of frozen sand under quick triaxial compression considering effect of confining pressure[J].Acta Geotechnica,2007,2(3):221-226.
[6] Zhang De,Liu Enlong,Liu Xingyan,et al.A new strength criterion for frozen soils considering the influence of temperature and coarse-grained contents[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2017,143:1-12.
[7] Ma Wei,Wu Ziwang,Zhang Changqing.Strength and yield criterion of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1993,15(1):129-133.[马巍,吴紫汪,张长庆.冻土的强度与屈服准则[J].冰川冻土,1993,15(1):129-133.]
[8] Ma Wei,Wu Ziwang,Sheng Yu.Effect of confining pressure on strength behavior of frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(5):7-11.[马巍,吴紫汪,盛煜.围压对冻土强度特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(5):7-11.]
[9] Huang Xing,Li Dongqing,Ming Feng,et al.Experimental study of the compressive and tensile strengths of artificial frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1346-1352.[黄星,李东庆,明锋,等.冻土的单轴抗压、 抗拉强度特性试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1346-1352.]
[10] Ming Feng,Li Dongqing,Chen Shijie.Impact of water migration on meso-structure of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):671-678.[明锋,李东庆,陈世杰.水分迁移对冻土细观结构的影响[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):671-678.]
[11] Ma Min,Bing Hui,Li Guoyu.Experiment research on unfrozen water content of sodium sulphate saline soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(4):963-969.[马敏,邴慧,李国玉.硫酸钠盐渍土未冻水含量的实验研究[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(4):963-969.]
[12] Cai Zhengyin,Wu Zhiqiang,Huang Yinghao,et al.Experimental study on the factors influencing the uniaxial compressive strength of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(4):1002-1008.[蔡正银,吴志强,黄英豪,等.冻土单轴抗压强度影响因素的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(4):1002-1008.]
[13] Li Shuangyang,Lai Yuanming,Zhang Mingyi,et al.Study on distribution laws of elastic modulus and strength of warm frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Suppl 2):4299-4305.[李双洋,赖远明,张明义,等.高温冻土弹性模量及强度分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):4299-4305.]
[14] Ma Xiaojie,Zhang Jianming,Chang Xiaoxiao,et al.Experimental study on creep of warm and ice-rich frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(6):848-852.[马小杰,张建明,常小晓,等.高温-高含冰量冻土蠕变试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(6):848-852.]
[15] Ma Xiaojie,Zhang Jianming,Chang Xiaoxiao,et al.Experimental research on strength of warm and ice-rich frozen clays[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2498-2502.[马小杰,张建明,常小晓,等.高温-高含冰量冻结黏土强度试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2498-2502.]
[16] Ma Xiaojie,Zhang Jianming,Zheng Bo,et al.Study on warm and ice-rich permafrost beneath Qinghai-Tibet Railway embankment with pressiometer[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(3):764-768.[马小杰,张建明,郑波,等.青藏铁路路基下高温-高含冰量冻土旁压试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):764-768.]
[17] Du Haimin,Zhang Shujuan,Ma Wei.Study of the uniaxial compressive strength characteristics of frozen soil with high ice water content[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1213-1219.[杜海民,张淑娟,马巍.高含冰(水)量冻土的单轴抗压强度变化特性研究[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1213-1219.]
[18] Guo Xueluan,Qi Jilin,Dang Boxiang,et al.Experimental study on temperature threshold for warm frozen sand in terms of mechanical properties[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2018,40(3):539-545.[郭雪鸾,齐吉琳,党博翔,等.高温冻结砂土温度界限试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2018,40(3):539-545.]
[19] Zhou Guoqing,Hu Kun,Zhao Xiaodong,et al.Laboratory investigation on tensile strength characteristics of warm frozen soils[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2015,113:81-90.
[20] Zhao Xiaodong,Zhou Guoqing,Lu Guilin,et al.Thermal gradient dependent deformation behavior of frozen soil and its mechanism at temperatures close to 0 ℃[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2017,135:105-115.
[21] Lai Yuanming,Li Jingbo,Li Qingze.Study on damage statistical constitutive model and stochastic simulation for warm ice-rich frozen silt[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2012,71(2):102-110.
[22] Lai Yuanming,Li Shuangyang,Qi Jilin,et al.Strength distributions of warm frozen clay and its stochastic damage constitutive model[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2008,53(2):200-215.
[23] Li Shuangyang,Lai Yuanming,Zhang Shujuan,et al.An improved statistical damage constitutive model for warm frozen clay based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2009,57(2):154-159.
[24] Li Qingze,Lai Yuanming,Xu Xiangtian,et al.Triaxial strength distribution of warm frozen soil and its damage statistical constitutive model[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2010,32(6):1234-1241.[李清泽,赖远明,徐湘田,等.高温冻土三轴强度分布及损伤统计本构模型[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(6):1234-1241.]
[25] Jiao Guide,Zhao Shuping,Ma Wei,et al.Evolution laws of hysteresis loops of frozen soil under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(8):1553-1558.[焦贵德,赵淑萍,马巍,等.循环荷载下高温冻土的变形和强度特性[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(8):1553-1558.]
[26] Shi Yehui,He Ping,Bian Xiaolin.Experimental study on dynamic mechanical parameters of warm frozen soil of Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].Subgrade Engineering,2006(5):93-95.[施烨辉,何平,卞晓琳.青藏铁路高温冻土动力学参数试验研究[J].路基工程,2006(5):93-95.]
[27] Gao Zhihua,Lai Yuanming,Xiong Ergang,et al.Experimental study of characteristics of warm and ice-rich frozen clay under cyclic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1744-1751.[高志华,赖远明,熊二刚,等.循环荷载作用下高温-高含冰量冻土特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1744-1751.]
[28] Zhou Zhiwei,Ma Wei,Zhang Shujuan,et al.Multiaxial creep of frozen loess[J].Mechanics of Materials,2016,95:172-191.
[29] Yang Yugui,Lai Yuanming,Chang Xiaoxiao.Experimental and theoretical studies on the creep behavior of warm ice-rich frozen sand[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2010,63(1):61-67.
[30] Yang Yugui,Lai Yuanming,Pu Yibin,et al.Experimental analysis of damage of ice-rich frozen silt under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3063-3068.[杨玉贵,赖远明,蒲毅彬,等.高含冰量冻结粉土单轴受压损伤特性试验分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3063-3068.]
[31] Zheng Bo,Zhang Jianming,Ma Xiaojie,et al.Study on compression deformation of warm and ice-enriched frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Suppl 1):3063-3068.[郑波,张建明,马小杰,等.高温-高含冰量冻土压缩变形特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3063-3068.]
[32] Wang Songhe,Qi Jilin.Experimental study of relaxation characteristics of warm permafrost[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(6):1660-1666.[王松鹤,齐吉琳.高温冻土松弛特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(6):1660-1666.]
[33] Liu Shiwei,Zhang Jianming.Review on physic-mechanical properties of warm frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2012,34(1):120-129.[刘世伟,张建明.高温冻土物理力学特性研究现状[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(1):120-129.]
[34] Yu Tianqing,Li Houmin,Mao Weimin.Tensor analysis and its application in mechanics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2014.[余天庆,李厚民,毛为民.张量分析及在力学中的应用[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2014.]
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