基于DNDC模型的稻田温室气体排放通量模拟
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摘要
理解土地利用方式转变过程影响生态系统生物地球化学循环及温室气体排放的机理,并利用模型模拟土地利用方式转变过程对温室气体通量的影响是一项长期、艰巨的科学任务。本研究基于国际上广泛应用的生物地球化学过程模型(DNDC模型),结合气象、土壤和管理措施等数据,模拟了旱田转水田土地利用方式转变后稻田CH_4、CO_2和N_2O三种温室气体的通量和常年种植水稻的稻田温室气体通量,并将模拟值与观测值进行比较。结果表明:DNDC模型能够较好地模拟新、老稻田温室气体通量的季节变化,但对老稻田温室气体的排放通量模拟效果(R~2>0. 89,n=40,P<0. 01)优于新转稻田(R~2>0.79,n=265,P<0.01),且对CH_4和CO_2的模拟效果优于对N_2O的模拟效果;根据田间观测数据,改变模型模拟土地利用方式转换前后土壤SOC浓度和p H值,并不能完全模拟土地利用变化对温室气体的影响,微生物群落在土地利用方式转变过程中可能发生较大变化,需要在模型中进一步体现。通过模型模拟土地利用方式改变对温室气体排放的影响,可为国家温室气体、碳排放清单的编制及管理政策的制定提供参考依据。
It is an arduous scientific task to understand the mechanism of land use change process affecting ecosystem biogeochemical cycles and to use models to simulate the impacts of land use change on greenhouse gas flux.Using the DNDC model,a biogeochemical process based modeling,and meteorological,soil and management data,we estimated the greenhouse gas fluxes of CH_4,CO_2,and N_2O in both new and old rice fields.Compared with the observed data,the DNDC model performed better in the old rice fields(R~2>0.89,n=40,P<0.01) than in the new paddy fields(R~2>0.79,n=265,P<0.01),indicating that the model has limitations in capturing the land use change effects on greenhouse gas effluxes.The model performed better for CH_4 and CO_2 than for N_2O.Changing soil SOC concentration and p H value is not enough to fully capture the land use change effect on greenhouse gas emissions,suggesting that soil biota associated with land use change have to be considered in the future to improve the model.Using model to simulate the effects of land use change on greenhouse gas effluxes may contribute to the national greenhouse gas emission inventories and the formulation of greenhouse gas management policy.
It is an arduous scientific task to understand the mechanism of land use change process affecting ecosystem biogeochemical cycles and to use models to simulate the impacts of land use change on greenhouse gas flux.Using the DNDC model,a biogeochemical process based modeling,and meteorological,soil and management data,we estimated the greenhouse gas fluxes of CH_4,CO_2,and N_2O in both new and old rice fields.Compared with the observed data,the DNDC model performed better in the old rice fields(R~2>0.89,n=40,P<0.01) than in the new paddy fields(R~2>0.79,n=265,P<0.01),indicating that the model has limitations in capturing the land use change effects on greenhouse gas effluxes.The model performed better for CH_4 and CO_2 than for N_2O.Changing soil SOC concentration and p H value is not enough to fully capture the land use change effect on greenhouse gas emissions,suggesting that soil biota associated with land use change have to be considered in the future to improve the model.Using model to simulate the effects of land use change on greenhouse gas effluxes may contribute to the national greenhouse gas emission inventories and the formulation of greenhouse gas management policy.
引文
陈广生,田汉勤.2007.土地利用/覆盖变化对陆地生态系统碳循环的影响.植物生态学报,31(2):189-204.
高秀文.2003.华北高产粮区土壤温室气体排放及碳氮平衡研究(硕士学位论文).北京:中国农业大学.
黄耀,孙文娟,张稳,等.2010.中国陆地生态系统土壤有机碳变化研究进展.中国科学:生命科学,40(7):577-586.
黄耀,张稳,邓循华,等.2006.基于模型和GIS技术的中国稻田甲烷排放估计.生态学报,26(4):980-988.
马秀枝,李长生,任乐,等.2014.生物质炭对土壤性质及温室气体排放的影响.生态学杂志,33(5):1395-1403.
李长生,肖向明,Frolking S,等.2003.中国农田的温室气体排放.第四纪研究,23(5):493-503.
李长生.2001.生物地球化学的概念与方法---DNDC模型的发展.第四纪研究,21(2):89-99.
刘惠,赵平,王跃思,等.2006.华南丘陵区农林复合生态系统稻田二氧化碳排放及其影响因素.生态学杂志,25(5):471-476.
孙园园,孙永健,王锐婷,等.2011.DNDC模型对川中丘陵区稻田CH4、N2O排放的模拟对比分析.生态环境学报,20(Z1):1003-1010.
田展,牛逸龙,孙来祥,等.2015.基于DNDC模型模拟气候变化影响下的中国水稻田温室气体排放.应用生态学报,26(3):793-799.
王立刚,邱建军,马永良,等.2004.应用DNDC模型分析施肥与翻耕方式对土壤有机碳含量的长期影响.中国农业大学学报,9(6):15-19.
王平,黄耀,张稳.2009.1955-2005年中国稻田甲烷排放估算.气候变化研究进展,5(5):291-297.
王效科,庄亚辉,李长生.2001.中国农田土壤N2O排放通量分布格局研究.生态学报,21(8):1225-1232.
张黎明,于东升,史学正,等.2009.基于不同土壤数据单元法的DNDC模型对太湖地区水稻土CH4排放模拟研究.环境科学,30(8):2185-2192.
张远,李颖,王毅勇,等.2011.三江平原稻田甲烷排放的模拟与估算.农业工程学报,27(8):293-298.
Ball BC,McTaggart IP,Watson CA.2002.Influence of organic ley-arable management and afforestation in sandy loam to clay loam soils on fluxes of N2O and CH4in Scotland.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,90:305-317.
Brown L,Syed B,Jarvis SC,et al.2002.Development and application of a mechanistic model to estimate emission of nitrous oxide from UK agriculture.Atmospheric Environment,36:917-928.
Cai ZC,Xing GX,Yan XY,et al.1997.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water management.Plant and Soil,196:7-14.
de Godoi SG,Neufeld D,Ibarr MA,et al.2016.The conversion of grassland to acacia forest as an effective option for net reduction in greenhouses gas emissions.Journal of Environmental Management,169:91-92.
Dong J,Xiao X,Zhang G,et al.2016.Northward expansion of paddy rice in northeastern Asia during 2000-2014.Geophysical Research Letters,43:3754-3761.
Eusufzai MK,Tokida T,Okada M,et al.2010.Methane emission from rice fields as affected by land use change.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,139:742-748.
FAO.2014.The State of the World’s Forests.Rome:FAO.
Farquhar GD,Von CS,Berry JA.1980.A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2assimilation in leaves of C3 species.Planta,149:78-90.
Fumoto T,Kobayashi K,Li CS,et al.2008.Revising a process-based biogeochemistry model(DNDC)to simulate methane emission from rice paddy fields under various residue management and fertilizer regimes.Global Change Biology,14:382-402.
Hatala JA,Detto M,Sonnentag O,et al.2012.Greenhouse gas(CO2,CH4,H2O)fluxes from drained and flooded agricultural peatlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,150:1-18.
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Lensi R.1981.Absorption of nitrous oxide by shoots of maize.Plant and Soil,12:58-67.
Li CS,Aber J,Stange F,et al.2000.A process-oriented model of N2O and NO emissions from forest soils:1.model development.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,105:4369-4384.
Li CS,Frolking SE,Harriss RC,et al.1994.Modeling nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture:A Florida case study.Chemosphere,28:1401-1415.
Li CS.Frolking S,Frolking TA.1992.A model of nitrous-oxide evolution from soil driven by rainfall events.2.Model applications.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,97:9777-9783.
Li CS.2000.Modeling trace gas emissions from agricultural ecosystems.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,58:259-276.
Nishimura S,Akiyama H,Sudo S,et al.2011.Combined emission of CH4and N2O from a paddy field was reduced by preceding upland crop cultivation.Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,57:167-178.
Nishimura S,Sawamoto T,Akiyama H.2004.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a paddy field with Japanese conventional water management and fertilizer application.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,18:839-856.
Nishimura S,Yonemura S,Sawamoto T,et al.2008.Effect of land use change from paddy rice cultivation to upland crop cultivation on soil carbon budget of a cropland in Japan.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,125:9-20.
Shao R,Xu M,Li R,et al.2017.Effect of land-use legacies and nitrogen fertilization on methane emissions in rice fields in subtropical region.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,107:369-380.
Smith P,Martino D,Cai Z,et al.2008.Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,363:789-813.
Vermeulen SJ,Campbell BM,Ingram JSI.2012.Climate change and food systems.Annual Review of Environment and Resources,37:195-222.
Weller S,Janz B,Jorg L,et al.2016.Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of traditional and diversified tropical rice rotation systems.Global Change Biology,22:432-448.
Xie B,Zheng X,Zhou Z,et al.2010.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on CH4emission from rice fields:multi-site field observations.Plant and Soil,326:393-401.
Yan X,Yagi K,Akiyama H,et al.2005.Statistical analysis of the major variables controlling methane emission from rice fields.Global Change Biology,11:1131-1141.
Yang SS,Chang HL.1998.Effect of environmental conditions on methane production and emission from paddy soil.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,69:69-80.
Zhang Y,Li CS,Zhou XJ,et al.2002.A simulation model linking crop growth and soil biogeochemistry for sustainable agriculture.Ecological Modelling,151:75-108.
Zheng XH,Mei B,Wang YH,et al.2008.Quantification of N2O fluxes from soil-plant systems may be biased by the applied gas chromatograph methodology.Plant and Soil,311:211-234.
Zheng XH,Wang MX,Wang YS,et al.2000.Impacts of soil moisture on nitrous oxide emission from croplands:A case study on the rice-based agro-ecosystem in Southeast China.Chemosphere:Global Change Science,2:207-224.
Zhu JX,He NP,Wang QF,et al.2015.The composition,spatial patterns,and influencing factors of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems.Science of the Total Environment,511:777-785.
Zou J,Liu S,Qin Y,et al.2009.Sewage irrigation increased methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in southeast China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,129:516-522.
高秀文.2003.华北高产粮区土壤温室气体排放及碳氮平衡研究(硕士学位论文).北京:中国农业大学.
黄耀,孙文娟,张稳,等.2010.中国陆地生态系统土壤有机碳变化研究进展.中国科学:生命科学,40(7):577-586.
黄耀,张稳,邓循华,等.2006.基于模型和GIS技术的中国稻田甲烷排放估计.生态学报,26(4):980-988.
马秀枝,李长生,任乐,等.2014.生物质炭对土壤性质及温室气体排放的影响.生态学杂志,33(5):1395-1403.
李长生,肖向明,Frolking S,等.2003.中国农田的温室气体排放.第四纪研究,23(5):493-503.
李长生.2001.生物地球化学的概念与方法---DNDC模型的发展.第四纪研究,21(2):89-99.
刘惠,赵平,王跃思,等.2006.华南丘陵区农林复合生态系统稻田二氧化碳排放及其影响因素.生态学杂志,25(5):471-476.
孙园园,孙永健,王锐婷,等.2011.DNDC模型对川中丘陵区稻田CH4、N2O排放的模拟对比分析.生态环境学报,20(Z1):1003-1010.
田展,牛逸龙,孙来祥,等.2015.基于DNDC模型模拟气候变化影响下的中国水稻田温室气体排放.应用生态学报,26(3):793-799.
王立刚,邱建军,马永良,等.2004.应用DNDC模型分析施肥与翻耕方式对土壤有机碳含量的长期影响.中国农业大学学报,9(6):15-19.
王平,黄耀,张稳.2009.1955-2005年中国稻田甲烷排放估算.气候变化研究进展,5(5):291-297.
王效科,庄亚辉,李长生.2001.中国农田土壤N2O排放通量分布格局研究.生态学报,21(8):1225-1232.
张黎明,于东升,史学正,等.2009.基于不同土壤数据单元法的DNDC模型对太湖地区水稻土CH4排放模拟研究.环境科学,30(8):2185-2192.
张远,李颖,王毅勇,等.2011.三江平原稻田甲烷排放的模拟与估算.农业工程学报,27(8):293-298.
Ball BC,McTaggart IP,Watson CA.2002.Influence of organic ley-arable management and afforestation in sandy loam to clay loam soils on fluxes of N2O and CH4in Scotland.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,90:305-317.
Brown L,Syed B,Jarvis SC,et al.2002.Development and application of a mechanistic model to estimate emission of nitrous oxide from UK agriculture.Atmospheric Environment,36:917-928.
Cai ZC,Xing GX,Yan XY,et al.1997.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water management.Plant and Soil,196:7-14.
de Godoi SG,Neufeld D,Ibarr MA,et al.2016.The conversion of grassland to acacia forest as an effective option for net reduction in greenhouses gas emissions.Journal of Environmental Management,169:91-92.
Dong J,Xiao X,Zhang G,et al.2016.Northward expansion of paddy rice in northeastern Asia during 2000-2014.Geophysical Research Letters,43:3754-3761.
Eusufzai MK,Tokida T,Okada M,et al.2010.Methane emission from rice fields as affected by land use change.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,139:742-748.
FAO.2014.The State of the World’s Forests.Rome:FAO.
Farquhar GD,Von CS,Berry JA.1980.A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2assimilation in leaves of C3 species.Planta,149:78-90.
Fumoto T,Kobayashi K,Li CS,et al.2008.Revising a process-based biogeochemistry model(DNDC)to simulate methane emission from rice paddy fields under various residue management and fertilizer regimes.Global Change Biology,14:382-402.
Hatala JA,Detto M,Sonnentag O,et al.2012.Greenhouse gas(CO2,CH4,H2O)fluxes from drained and flooded agricultural peatlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,150:1-18.
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Lensi R.1981.Absorption of nitrous oxide by shoots of maize.Plant and Soil,12:58-67.
Li CS,Aber J,Stange F,et al.2000.A process-oriented model of N2O and NO emissions from forest soils:1.model development.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,105:4369-4384.
Li CS,Frolking SE,Harriss RC,et al.1994.Modeling nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture:A Florida case study.Chemosphere,28:1401-1415.
Li CS.Frolking S,Frolking TA.1992.A model of nitrous-oxide evolution from soil driven by rainfall events.2.Model applications.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,97:9777-9783.
Li CS.2000.Modeling trace gas emissions from agricultural ecosystems.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,58:259-276.
Nishimura S,Akiyama H,Sudo S,et al.2011.Combined emission of CH4and N2O from a paddy field was reduced by preceding upland crop cultivation.Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,57:167-178.
Nishimura S,Sawamoto T,Akiyama H.2004.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a paddy field with Japanese conventional water management and fertilizer application.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,18:839-856.
Nishimura S,Yonemura S,Sawamoto T,et al.2008.Effect of land use change from paddy rice cultivation to upland crop cultivation on soil carbon budget of a cropland in Japan.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,125:9-20.
Shao R,Xu M,Li R,et al.2017.Effect of land-use legacies and nitrogen fertilization on methane emissions in rice fields in subtropical region.Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,107:369-380.
Smith P,Martino D,Cai Z,et al.2008.Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,363:789-813.
Vermeulen SJ,Campbell BM,Ingram JSI.2012.Climate change and food systems.Annual Review of Environment and Resources,37:195-222.
Weller S,Janz B,Jorg L,et al.2016.Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of traditional and diversified tropical rice rotation systems.Global Change Biology,22:432-448.
Xie B,Zheng X,Zhou Z,et al.2010.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on CH4emission from rice fields:multi-site field observations.Plant and Soil,326:393-401.
Yan X,Yagi K,Akiyama H,et al.2005.Statistical analysis of the major variables controlling methane emission from rice fields.Global Change Biology,11:1131-1141.
Yang SS,Chang HL.1998.Effect of environmental conditions on methane production and emission from paddy soil.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,69:69-80.
Zhang Y,Li CS,Zhou XJ,et al.2002.A simulation model linking crop growth and soil biogeochemistry for sustainable agriculture.Ecological Modelling,151:75-108.
Zheng XH,Mei B,Wang YH,et al.2008.Quantification of N2O fluxes from soil-plant systems may be biased by the applied gas chromatograph methodology.Plant and Soil,311:211-234.
Zheng XH,Wang MX,Wang YS,et al.2000.Impacts of soil moisture on nitrous oxide emission from croplands:A case study on the rice-based agro-ecosystem in Southeast China.Chemosphere:Global Change Science,2:207-224.
Zhu JX,He NP,Wang QF,et al.2015.The composition,spatial patterns,and influencing factors of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems.Science of the Total Environment,511:777-785.
Zou J,Liu S,Qin Y,et al.2009.Sewage irrigation increased methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddies in southeast China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,129:516-522.
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