CMT焊接电流对铝合金/镀锌钢板熔钎焊接头组织及性能的影响
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摘要
通过冷金属过渡技术(CMT)以ER4043 Al-Si焊丝为填充材料,在极小电流下对5052铝合金和CR340LA镀锌钢板进行搭接熔-钎焊,并在母材表面涂覆改性钎剂,改善钎料在母材表面的润湿及铺展性。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和万能拉伸试验机对熔-钎焊接头进行显微结构和力学性能研究。结果表明:焊接接头界面层的物相从近钢侧到近铝侧依次为Fe(Al,Si)、η-Fe_2(Al,Si)_5、θ-Fe(Al,Si)_3相,Si元素能够与Fe/Al元素发生反应,形成复杂的三元化合物,从而延缓Fe-Al金属间化合物层的生长。当金属间化合物层的厚度为2～5μm时,接头具有较好的力学性能,断裂发生在铝合金热影响区,焊接电流为35 A时,接头抗拉强度可达189 MPa。
5052 aluminum alloy and CR340 LA galvanized steel plate were brazed at very low current by cold metal transition technology( CMT) using ER4043 Al-Si wire as filling material,and modified flux was coated on the surface of base metal to improve the wetting and spreading of brazing filler on the surface of base metal.The microstructure and mechanical properties of melt-brazed joint were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy( SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy( EDS) analysis,X-ray diffraction analysis( XRD) and universal tensile testing machine.The results show that the phase of the interface layer of the welded joint is Fe( Al,Si),η-Fe_2( Al,Si)_5,θ-Fe( Al,Si) three phases from the near steel side to the near aluminum side.The Si element can react with the Fe/Al element to form a complex ternary compound,thus delaying the growth of the Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer.When the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer is 2 μm,the joint has good mechanical properties,and the fracture occurs in the heat affected zone of aluminum alloy.When the welding current is 35 A,the tensile strength of the joint can reach 189 MPa.
5052 aluminum alloy and CR340 LA galvanized steel plate were brazed at very low current by cold metal transition technology( CMT) using ER4043 Al-Si wire as filling material,and modified flux was coated on the surface of base metal to improve the wetting and spreading of brazing filler on the surface of base metal.The microstructure and mechanical properties of melt-brazed joint were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy( SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy( EDS) analysis,X-ray diffraction analysis( XRD) and universal tensile testing machine.The results show that the phase of the interface layer of the welded joint is Fe( Al,Si),η-Fe_2( Al,Si)_5,θ-Fe( Al,Si) three phases from the near steel side to the near aluminum side.The Si element can react with the Fe/Al element to form a complex ternary compound,thus delaying the growth of the Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer.When the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer is 2 μm,the joint has good mechanical properties,and the fracture occurs in the heat affected zone of aluminum alloy.When the welding current is 35 A,the tensile strength of the joint can reach 189 MPa.
引文
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[15]David H Phillips.Welding Metallurgy[M].Chichester,UK:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd,2016:177-186.
[2]Carbucicchio M,Palombarini G,Ciprian R,et al.Interfacial microstructure and properties of dissimilar steels joined by high energy beam melting processes[J].Hyperfine Interact,2009,191(1/3):143-150.
[3]Pouranvari M.Critical assessment:dissimilar resistance spot welding of aluminium/steel:challenges and opportunities[J].Materials Science and Technology,2017,33(15):1705-1712.
[4]Sun J,Yan Q,Gao W,et al.Investigation of laser welding on butt joints of Al/steel dissimilar materials[J].Materials and Design,2015,83:120-128
[5]Peng L,Yajiang L,Juan W,et al.Vacuum brazing technology and microstructure near the interface of Al/18-8 stainless steel[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2003,38(9/10):1493-1499.
[6]宋建岭.铝合金/不锈钢钨极氩弧熔-钎焊接头界面层的微观结构分析[J].金属学报,2009,45(10):1211-1216.SONG Jian-ling.Microstructure analysis of interfacial layer with tungsten inert gas welding-brazing joint of aluminum alloy/stainless steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2009,45(10):1211-1216.
[7]Qin G,Ji Y,Ma H,et al.Effect of modified flux on MIG arc brazing-fusion welding of aluminum alloy to steel butt joint[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,245:115-121.
[8]崔佃忠,芦笙,崔晴晴,等.焊接热输入对铝/镀锌钢CMT熔-钎焊接头组织与性能的影响[J].焊接学报,2014,35(9):82-86.CUI Dian-zhong,LU Sheng,CUI Qing-qing,et al.Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of CMT welding-brazing joint between 5052 aluminum alloy and galvanized Q235 steel[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(9):82-86.
[9]Springer H,Kostka A,Payton E J,et al.On the formation and growth of intermetallic phases during interdiffusion between lowcarbon steel and aluminum alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2011,59(4):1586-1600.
[10]Lin Q L,Mao G J,Huang Q,et al.Effect of Zn vaporization on wetting of al-galvanized steel in cold metal transfer process[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2016,23(6):566-572.
[11]张洪涛,冯吉才,何鹏,等.镀锌层对铝/镀锌钢板CMT熔-钎焊电弧加热行为的影响[J].焊接学报,2009,30(8):37-40ZHANG Hong-tao,FENG Ji-cai,HE Peng,et al.Effect of zinc coating on arc heating behavior for joining Al and zinc coated steel by welding-brazing process[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2009,30(8):37-40.
[12]宋建岭,林三宝,杨春利,等.特种钎剂辅助铝/钢异种合金TIG熔-钎焊[J].焊接学报,2010,31(2):45-48.SONG Jian-ling,LIN San-bao,YANG Chun-li,et al.TIG Welding-brazing of special flux assisted aluminum-steel dissimilar alloys[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2010,31(2):45-48.
[13]Zhang H T,Feng J C.He PInterfacial phenomena of cold metal transfer(CMT)welding of zinc coated steel and wrought aluminium[J].Materials Science and Technology,2008,24(11):1346-1349.
[14]张洪涛,冯吉才,胡乐亮.CMT能量输入特点与熔滴过渡行为[J].材料科学与工艺,2012,20(2):128-132.ZHANG Hong-tao,FENG Ji-cai,HU Le-liang.Energy input and metal transfer behavior of CMT welding process[J].Materials Science and Technology,2012,20(2):128-132.
[15]David H Phillips.Welding Metallurgy[M].Chichester,UK:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd,2016:177-186.
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