论基于道德理性与现实幸福的生命意志教育及开展
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摘要
生命意志的核心在于活着、有意义地活下去;生命意志教育的宗旨是拯救生命。生命意志教育首先要教人直面现实,让人认识人与世界的多样性、学会对多样性人与世界的包容;进而,要教人理解生命,理解自我,理解他人,用理解建立道德理性并且在此基础上实现精神重建,以形而上地确立生命的价值与方向;最后,要教人以超越的态度争取物质条件与实现快乐体验,走中庸路径最大程度地争取并创造切身幸福。生命意志教育,要义是借助道德理性的上扬和现实幸福的落回,直面现实、理解现实并最终立足现实、超越现实,从而培育一种饱满坚定的生命精神,确保肉身与灵魂双重存在的连续性。
The"will to live",or"Wille zum Leben",is a psychological force to fight for self-preservation. The essence of will-to-live( WTL) education is to help students live a meaningful life. First of all,WTL education helps students understand the diversity,beauty as well as harshness of the real world,so that they could develop a positive and tolerant attitude towards life. Second,WTL education helps students better understand life,others and themselves as well,fully develop their moral rationality and establish a brand new worldview highlighting the preciousness and significance of life. Thirdly,WTL education encourages students to take a transcendent attitude toward material comfort or sensual pleasures,and follow the ethical doctrine of the"golden mean"while pursuing real world happiness. In a word,WTL education helps students develop their moral rationality to better understand the reality,face up to it,overcome its limitations,and finally achieve real world happiness,and get the perfect harmony between the physical and spiritual,body and soul.
The"will to live",or"Wille zum Leben",is a psychological force to fight for self-preservation. The essence of will-to-live( WTL) education is to help students live a meaningful life. First of all,WTL education helps students understand the diversity,beauty as well as harshness of the real world,so that they could develop a positive and tolerant attitude towards life. Second,WTL education helps students better understand life,others and themselves as well,fully develop their moral rationality and establish a brand new worldview highlighting the preciousness and significance of life. Thirdly,WTL education encourages students to take a transcendent attitude toward material comfort or sensual pleasures,and follow the ethical doctrine of the"golden mean"while pursuing real world happiness. In a word,WTL education helps students develop their moral rationality to better understand the reality,face up to it,overcome its limitations,and finally achieve real world happiness,and get the perfect harmony between the physical and spiritual,body and soul.
引文
[1]胡塞尔，E．纯粹现象学通论:纯粹现象学和现象学哲学的观念[M]．李幼蒸，译．北京:中国人民大学出版社，2014:273.
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[4]李志跃，许忠明．大学生生命观:内涵、结构及教育导引[J]．大学教育科学，2017(1):21-26.
[5]郑晓江．生命哲学演讲录[M]．南昌:江西人民出版社，2008:15.
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[14]程颐．周易程氏传[M]//程颢，程颐．二程集．王孝鱼，点校．北京:中华书局，2004:769.
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[17]程颢，程颐．河南程氏遗书[M]//程颢，程颐．二程集．王孝鱼，点校．北京:中华书局，2004.
[18]佚名．论语[M]//朱熹．四书章句集注．北京:中华书局，2011.
[19]张世英．儒家与道德[J]．社会科学战线，2006(1):17-33.
[20]Karen,A. The Great Transformation:The World in the Time of Buddha,Socrates,Confucius and Jeremiah[M]. London:Atlantic Books,2007:390.
[21]Baumeister,R. F.,&Tierney,J. Willpower:Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength[M]. New York:Penguin Publishing Group. 2012:10.
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[23]Dworkin,R. Sovereign Virtue:The Theory and Practice of Equality[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2000:236.
[24]杜维明．为什么要“学做人”?———关于第二十四届世界哲学大会主题的思考[J]．重庆与世界，2018(16):14-17.
[25]孟子．孟子[M]//朱熹．四书章句集注．北京:中华书局，2011:307.
[26]陈寅恪．审查报告一[M]//冯友兰．中国哲学简史:下．上海:华东师范大学出版社，2012:331.
[27]杨简．象山先生行状[M]//陆九渊．陆九渊集．北京:中华书局，1980:388.
[28]萨特，J. P．关于《隔离审讯》[M]//萨特，J. P．萨特文集·戏剧II．[译者不详]．北京:人民文学出版社，2000:540.
[29]萨特，J. P．禁闭[M]//萨特，J. P．萨特戏剧集:上．[译者不详]．北京:人民文学出版社，1985:152.
[30]贝卡里亚，C．论犯罪与刑罚[M]．黄风，译．北京:中国法制出版社，2002:35.
[31]Smith,A. The Theory of Moral Sentiments[M]. New York:Dover Publications,2006:10.
[32]Orbach,I. Therapeutic Empathy with the Suicidal Wish:Principles of Therapy with Suicidal Individuals[J]. American Journal of Psychotherapy,2001,55(2):166-184.
[33]Lapsley,D. K.,&Power,F. C. Character Psychology and Character Education[M]. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press,2005:24.
[34]Slote,M. From Morality to Virtue[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995:36.
[35]王海明．新伦理学原理[M]．北京:商务印书馆，2017:125.
[36]休谟，D．人性论[M]．关文运，译．北京:商务印书馆，2016:505.
[37]Pennycook,G.,Cheyne,J. A.,Barr,N.,et al. The Role of Analytic Thinking in Moral Judgements and Values[J].Thinking&Reasoning,2014,20(2):188-214.
[38]史密斯，E. W．，科斯林，S. M．认知心理学:心智与脑[M]．王乃弋，罗跃嘉，译．北京:教育科学出版社，2017:324.
[39]弗兰克，V. E．活出意义来[M]．赵可式，沈锦惠，译．北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店，1991:88.
[40]Lahey,B. B. Psychology:An Introduction[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Education,2007:487.
[41]李原．物质主义价值观与幸福感和人际信任的关系研究[J]．华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2014(6):175-180.
[42]吴才智．我国大学生自杀现状与对策研究[J]．黑龙江高教研究，2018(5):95-99.
[43]崔玉华，方明昭，马长锁．大学生自杀者社会心理因素和临床特点[J]．中国临床心理学杂志，1998(3):177-179.
[44]Paschal,S.,Dominic,A.,&Sheina,O. Unemployment,Self-Esteem,and Depression:A Social Comparison Theory Approach[J]. Basic and Applied Social Psychology,1995,17(1/2):65-82.
[45]Deci,E. L.,&Ryan,R. M. The“What”and“Why”of Goal Pursuits:Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior[J]. Psychological Inquiry,2000,11(4):227-268.
[46]莱布尼茨，W．人类理智新论:上册[M]．陈修斋，译．北京:商务印书馆，2009:191.
[47]Gotz,I. L. Conceptions of Happiness[M]. New York:University Press of America,1995:254.
[48]Sidgwick,H. The Methods of Ethics[M]. Bristol:Thoemmes Press,1996:42.
[49]朱熹．四书章句集注[M]．北京:中华书局，2011:21.
[50]亚里士多德．尼各马可伦理学[M]．廖申白，译注．北京:商务印书馆，2017:49.
[51]范仲淹．岳阳楼记[M]//范仲淹．范文正公文集．北京:中华书局，1985:19.
[52]司马光．训俭示康[M]//司马光．司马光集．李文泽，霞绍辉，校点．成都:四川大学出版社，2010:1414.
[53]陈望衡．关于幸福的美学思考———乐居与乐生的统一[M]//陈望衡．美在境界．武汉:武汉大学出版社，2014:299.
[2]Bergson,H. Time and Free Will:An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness[M]. Pogson,F. L.,trans. New York:Harper&Brothers Publishers,1960:xi.
[3]潘知常．生命美学论稿[M]．郑州:郑州大学出版社，2002:36.
[4]李志跃，许忠明．大学生生命观:内涵、结构及教育导引[J]．大学教育科学，2017(1):21-26.
[5]郑晓江．生命哲学演讲录[M]．南昌:江西人民出版社，2008:15.
[6]Kant,I. Kritik der Urteilskraft[M]. Hamburg:Felix Meiner Verlag,1974:320.
[7]管仲．管子[M]．李山，译注．北京:中华书局，2016:2.
[8]高德胜．幸福·道德·教育[J]．华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)，2012(4):1-18.
[9]康德，I．实践理性批判[M]．邓晓芒，译．杨祖陶，校．北京:人民出版社，2017:141.
[10]詹姆斯，R. K．，吉利兰，B. E．危机干预策略[M]. 5版．高申春，译．北京:高等教育出版社，2009:9.
[11]许慎．说文解字[M]．北京:中华书局，1963.
[12]张载．正蒙[M]//张载．张载集．章锡琛，点校．北京:中华书局，1978:10.
[13]佚名．周易[M]//程颢，程颐．二程集．王孝鱼，点校．北京:中华书局，2004:135.
[14]程颐．周易程氏传[M]//程颢，程颐．二程集．王孝鱼，点校．北京:中华书局，2004:769.
[15]朱熹．伊川先生年谱[M]//程颢，程颐．二程集．王孝鱼，点校．北京:中华书局，2004:340.
[16]陈寿．三国志:下册[M]．裴松之，注．北京:中华书局，2011:743.
[17]程颢，程颐．河南程氏遗书[M]//程颢，程颐．二程集．王孝鱼，点校．北京:中华书局，2004.
[18]佚名．论语[M]//朱熹．四书章句集注．北京:中华书局，2011.
[19]张世英．儒家与道德[J]．社会科学战线，2006(1):17-33.
[20]Karen,A. The Great Transformation:The World in the Time of Buddha,Socrates,Confucius and Jeremiah[M]. London:Atlantic Books,2007:390.
[21]Baumeister,R. F.,&Tierney,J. Willpower:Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength[M]. New York:Penguin Publishing Group. 2012:10.
[22]MacDougall,W. An Outline of Psychology[M]. London:Methuen and Co. Ltd. 1928:3.
[23]Dworkin,R. Sovereign Virtue:The Theory and Practice of Equality[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2000:236.
[24]杜维明．为什么要“学做人”?———关于第二十四届世界哲学大会主题的思考[J]．重庆与世界，2018(16):14-17.
[25]孟子．孟子[M]//朱熹．四书章句集注．北京:中华书局，2011:307.
[26]陈寅恪．审查报告一[M]//冯友兰．中国哲学简史:下．上海:华东师范大学出版社，2012:331.
[27]杨简．象山先生行状[M]//陆九渊．陆九渊集．北京:中华书局，1980:388.
[28]萨特，J. P．关于《隔离审讯》[M]//萨特，J. P．萨特文集·戏剧II．[译者不详]．北京:人民文学出版社，2000:540.
[29]萨特，J. P．禁闭[M]//萨特，J. P．萨特戏剧集:上．[译者不详]．北京:人民文学出版社，1985:152.
[30]贝卡里亚，C．论犯罪与刑罚[M]．黄风，译．北京:中国法制出版社，2002:35.
[31]Smith,A. The Theory of Moral Sentiments[M]. New York:Dover Publications,2006:10.
[32]Orbach,I. Therapeutic Empathy with the Suicidal Wish:Principles of Therapy with Suicidal Individuals[J]. American Journal of Psychotherapy,2001,55(2):166-184.
[33]Lapsley,D. K.,&Power,F. C. Character Psychology and Character Education[M]. Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press,2005:24.
[34]Slote,M. From Morality to Virtue[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995:36.
[35]王海明．新伦理学原理[M]．北京:商务印书馆，2017:125.
[36]休谟，D．人性论[M]．关文运，译．北京:商务印书馆，2016:505.
[37]Pennycook,G.,Cheyne,J. A.,Barr,N.,et al. The Role of Analytic Thinking in Moral Judgements and Values[J].Thinking&Reasoning,2014,20(2):188-214.
[38]史密斯，E. W．，科斯林，S. M．认知心理学:心智与脑[M]．王乃弋，罗跃嘉，译．北京:教育科学出版社，2017:324.
[39]弗兰克，V. E．活出意义来[M]．赵可式，沈锦惠，译．北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店，1991:88.
[40]Lahey,B. B. Psychology:An Introduction[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Education,2007:487.
[41]李原．物质主义价值观与幸福感和人际信任的关系研究[J]．华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2014(6):175-180.
[42]吴才智．我国大学生自杀现状与对策研究[J]．黑龙江高教研究，2018(5):95-99.
[43]崔玉华，方明昭，马长锁．大学生自杀者社会心理因素和临床特点[J]．中国临床心理学杂志，1998(3):177-179.
[44]Paschal,S.,Dominic,A.,&Sheina,O. Unemployment,Self-Esteem,and Depression:A Social Comparison Theory Approach[J]. Basic and Applied Social Psychology,1995,17(1/2):65-82.
[45]Deci,E. L.,&Ryan,R. M. The“What”and“Why”of Goal Pursuits:Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior[J]. Psychological Inquiry,2000,11(4):227-268.
[46]莱布尼茨，W．人类理智新论:上册[M]．陈修斋，译．北京:商务印书馆，2009:191.
[47]Gotz,I. L. Conceptions of Happiness[M]. New York:University Press of America,1995:254.
[48]Sidgwick,H. The Methods of Ethics[M]. Bristol:Thoemmes Press,1996:42.
[49]朱熹．四书章句集注[M]．北京:中华书局，2011:21.
[50]亚里士多德．尼各马可伦理学[M]．廖申白，译注．北京:商务印书馆，2017:49.
[51]范仲淹．岳阳楼记[M]//范仲淹．范文正公文集．北京:中华书局，1985:19.
[52]司马光．训俭示康[M]//司马光．司马光集．李文泽，霞绍辉，校点．成都:四川大学出版社，2010:1414.
[53]陈望衡．关于幸福的美学思考———乐居与乐生的统一[M]//陈望衡．美在境界．武汉:武汉大学出版社，2014:299.
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