大金川切割山地鸟类多样性及人类干扰因子研究
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摘要
[目的]调查大金川切割山地鸟类资源及人类干扰状况。[方法]于2018年10月至2019年4月采用样线法和样点法调查了大金川切割山地鸟类的物种组成、鸟类多样性及人为干扰等。[结果]共调查到61种鸟类,隶属6目23科49属,其中列入世界自然保护联盟红皮书名录的鸟类4种,皆为近危(NT),国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类8种,其中鹰科、雉科、鸫科、鹟科鸟类的多样性较高。不同海拔、生境下的鸟类多样性存在差异,其中2 000～4 000 m中高海拔地区的鸟类物种丰富度较高,针阔混交林、阔叶林、灌丛中的鸟类丰富度高于草甸、针叶林等。放牧是调查区域主要的人类干扰因子,受干扰的主要是鸡形目和隼形目鸟类。[结论]大金山切割山地鸟类资源丰富,同时也存在一定的人为干扰。建议当地政府应注重发展当地居民的其他生计,控制放牧干扰对野生动物的影响,同时相关保护部门也应加强非自然保护区鸟类资源的监测与保护。
[Objective]To investigate the bird resources and human interference in the cutting mountain of Dajinchuan. [Method]The sample line and sample point methods were used to study the species composition, bird diversity, and human interference of birds in the cutting mountain of Dajinchuan. [Result]A total of 61 species of birds were recorded, belonging to 6 orders, 23 families and 49 genera. 4 species of birds were listed in IUCN red list and certificated as near threatened(NT) species. 2 species of birds were listed in class-Ⅰ nationally key protected animals of China, and 8 species of birds were listed in class-Ⅱ nationally key protected animals of China. Among them, the diversity of Accipitridae, Phasianidae, Turdidae and Muscicapidae were higher. There were some differences of bird diversity under different altitudes and habitats,among which the richness of birds at mid-high altitudes of 2 000-4 000 m was higher. The bird richness in coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest, broadleaved forest and shrub was higher than that of meadow and coniferous forest. Grazing was the most serious disturbance factor in the investigation area, and the main disturbed families were Galliformes and Falconiformes. [Conclusion]There were rich bird resources in the cutting mountain of Dajinchuan, and there were some artificial distances. It was suggested that the local governments should pay more attentions to develop other alternative livelihoods for local people and control the impact of grazing disturbance on wildlife. The relative protection departments should also strengthen the monitoring and protection bird resources in non-nature reserves.
[Objective]To investigate the bird resources and human interference in the cutting mountain of Dajinchuan. [Method]The sample line and sample point methods were used to study the species composition, bird diversity, and human interference of birds in the cutting mountain of Dajinchuan. [Result]A total of 61 species of birds were recorded, belonging to 6 orders, 23 families and 49 genera. 4 species of birds were listed in IUCN red list and certificated as near threatened(NT) species. 2 species of birds were listed in class-Ⅰ nationally key protected animals of China, and 8 species of birds were listed in class-Ⅱ nationally key protected animals of China. Among them, the diversity of Accipitridae, Phasianidae, Turdidae and Muscicapidae were higher. There were some differences of bird diversity under different altitudes and habitats,among which the richness of birds at mid-high altitudes of 2 000-4 000 m was higher. The bird richness in coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest, broadleaved forest and shrub was higher than that of meadow and coniferous forest. Grazing was the most serious disturbance factor in the investigation area, and the main disturbed families were Galliformes and Falconiformes. [Conclusion]There were rich bird resources in the cutting mountain of Dajinchuan, and there were some artificial distances. It was suggested that the local governments should pay more attentions to develop other alternative livelihoods for local people and control the impact of grazing disturbance on wildlife. The relative protection departments should also strengthen the monitoring and protection bird resources in non-nature reserves.
引文
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[12] 袁继林,袁继鹏,罗祖奎,等.贵州清水江沿岸鸟类多样性调查初报[J].贵州林业科技,2018,46(3):8-17.
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[14] 李士超,李亭亭,汪正祥,等.G-F指数测度万朝山兽类物种多样性[J].生态科学,2018,37(4):72-80.
[15] 王方,蒋桂莲,张志中,等.云南省新平县野生绿孔雀伴生鸟兽多样性及关联性分析[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(4):812-819.
[16] 邵明勤,曾宾宾,徐贤柱,等.鄱阳湖流域非繁殖期鸟类多样性[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):140-149.
[17] 周放,韩小静,蒋爱伍,等.广西金钟山鸟类保护区鸟类多样性初步研究[J].四川动物,2006,25(4):765-770.
[2] 张勘,徐雨,李晓清,等.四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析[J].四川动物,2018,37(2):224-233.
[3] 蒋志刚,马克平.保护生物学的现状、挑战和对策[J].生物多样性,2009,17(2):107-116.
[4] 刘志发,杨昌腾,龚粤宁.广东南岭国家级自然保护区森林鸟类多样性监测[J].热带地理,2018,38(3):328-336.
[5] 程成,冯尔辉,谢乔.永兴鸟类自然保护区鸟类多样性调查[J].热带林业,2018,46(4):51-55.
[6] 周延,焦盛武,江晟,等.汀江国家湿地公园鸟类多样性及季节动态[J].森林与环境学报,2019,39(1):42-47.
[7] 连海燕,吴立新,曹爱兰,等.山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].山东林业科技,2018,48(4):44-46,62.
[8] 苏晓庆.高黎贡山自然保护区鸟类生态环境现状研究[J].环境与发展,2018,30(5):202,212.
[9] 王玉君,侯金,李玉杰,等.利用红外相机调查卧龙保护区鸟类资源的时空分布特征[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(1):29-37.
[10] 曹铭昌,乐志芳,雷军成,等.全球生物多样性评估方法及研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(1):8-16.
[11] 刘慧明,高吉喜,张海燕,等.2010-2015年中国生物多样性保护优先区域人类干扰程度评估[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(11):1456-1465.
[12] 袁继林,袁继鹏,罗祖奎,等.贵州清水江沿岸鸟类多样性调查初报[J].贵州林业科技,2018,46(3):8-17.
[13] 张冬玲,何可,杨志松.卧龙国家级自然保护区大中型兽类多样性调查[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,40(1):15-21.
[14] 李士超,李亭亭,汪正祥,等.G-F指数测度万朝山兽类物种多样性[J].生态科学,2018,37(4):72-80.
[15] 王方,蒋桂莲,张志中,等.云南省新平县野生绿孔雀伴生鸟兽多样性及关联性分析[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(4):812-819.
[16] 邵明勤,曾宾宾,徐贤柱,等.鄱阳湖流域非繁殖期鸟类多样性[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):140-149.
[17] 周放,韩小静,蒋爱伍,等.广西金钟山鸟类保护区鸟类多样性初步研究[J].四川动物,2006,25(4):765-770.
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