不同种植密度对除虫菊产量及构成因子的影响
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摘要
为探明除虫菊在育苗移栽条件下最佳种植密度,试验采用单因子随机区组设计,研究不同种植密度对产量、产值及构成因子的影响。结果表明,不同种植密度对单位面积除虫菊干花产量、干花产值、除虫菊素产量的影响均达到了极显著水平,并呈抛物线关系,且影响除虫菊干花产量和除虫菊素产量最大的因子均是单位面积的有效花梗数。试验也表明,单株有效花梗数、花朵数和无效花梗率、花蕾率与种植密度呈负相关关系,而单位面积有效花梗数和花朵数与种植密度呈Logistic函数关系。另外随着种植密度的增加,除虫菊生育期有所缩短,特别是封行期缩短最明显,但根腐病的发病率与种植密度呈正相关。综合产量、产值及生育期、发病率、株高等因素,云南省除虫菊适种区域以漂浮育苗移栽,种植密度6.0万～9.0万株/hm2时最适宜。
Single factor randomized block design is used to study the effects of different planting densities on yield,output value,and yield component factors,thus to obtain the most optimum one under seedling transplanting condition.The results showed that the effects of planting densities on dried flower yield,unit output value,pyrethrin production reached extremely significant level in parabolic curve relationship.And the effective pedicel number was the most important factor affecting both dry flower and pyrethroid yield.The results also showed that the plant density was negatively correlated with the effective pedicel number,the flower number and the percentage of useless pedicel and bud per plant.However,there was a Logistic function relation between the planting density and the number of effective pedicels and flowers per unit area.In addition,the growth period of Pyrethrum cinerariifolium was shortened with the increase of planting density,while the morbidity of root rot was positively correlated with the increase of planting density.In considering the yield,output value,period of growth,morbidity and plant height,the best planting density is60000-90000 plants/hm2 under floating-seedling transplanting condition in P.cinerariifolium planting area of Yunnan.
Single factor randomized block design is used to study the effects of different planting densities on yield,output value,and yield component factors,thus to obtain the most optimum one under seedling transplanting condition.The results showed that the effects of planting densities on dried flower yield,unit output value,pyrethrin production reached extremely significant level in parabolic curve relationship.And the effective pedicel number was the most important factor affecting both dry flower and pyrethroid yield.The results also showed that the plant density was negatively correlated with the effective pedicel number,the flower number and the percentage of useless pedicel and bud per plant.However,there was a Logistic function relation between the planting density and the number of effective pedicels and flowers per unit area.In addition,the growth period of Pyrethrum cinerariifolium was shortened with the increase of planting density,while the morbidity of root rot was positively correlated with the increase of planting density.In considering the yield,output value,period of growth,morbidity and plant height,the best planting density is60000-90000 plants/hm2 under floating-seedling transplanting condition in P.cinerariifolium planting area of Yunnan.
引文
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[6]张艳军,饶敏,马文彬,等.漂浮育苗不同基质配比对除虫菊苗素质的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,2011,27(12):12-14.
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[9]张建荣.除虫菊配方施肥栽培初探[J].中国园艺文摘,2017,33(6):19,70.
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[11]李杰,王彩云.除虫菊主要农艺性状的相关及通径分析[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):44-51.
[12]齐静静,毛静,胡昊,等.继代次数对除虫菊生长及其除虫菊酯质量分数的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,29(2):216-222.
[13]刘伟,张吉旺.吕鹏,等.种植密度对高产夏玉米登海661产量及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2006,37(7):1301-1307.
[14]王楷,王克如,王永宏,等.密度对玉米产量(>15000 kg/hm2)及其产量构成因子的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3437-3445.
[15]刘经纬,周联东,何代元.玉米新品种新科19播期、密度试验及农艺性状与产量的通径分析[J].农业科技通讯,2011(1):38-39.
[16]王建华,高凤菊.不同施肥量与种植密度对夏玉米产量及效益的影响[J].杂粮作物,2009,29(6):407-409
[17]勾玲,黄建军,张宾,等.群体密度对玉米茎杆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J].作物学报,2007(10):1688-1695.
[18]亓振,赵广才,常旭宏,等.小麦产量与农艺性状的相关分析和通径分析[J].作物杂志,2016(3):45-50.
[19]宋稀,刘凤兰,郑普英,等.高密度种植专用油菜重要农艺性状与产量的关系分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(9):1800-1806.
[20]吴永成,徐亚丽,彭海良,等.播期及种植密度对直播油菜农艺性状和产量品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(2):534-538.
[21]雷喜红,李新旭,王铁臣,等.不同种植密度对番茄长势、果实品质及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(7):30-33.
[22]冯金海,邵宪桥.不同种植密度对烤烟产质量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016(22):22-23.
[23]张祖金.品种和种植密度对马铃薯产量及晚疫病的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(3):376-377.
[24]张晋,颜群,高得军,等.水稻纹枯病在不同栽培方式稻田发生情况调查[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(2):821-823.
[25]夏增强,韩小强,李忠荣,等.不同栽培方式对除虫菊产量及质量的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2016,39(10):10-13.
[26] Grassini P, Thorburn J, Burr C, Cassman K G. High-yield irrigatedmaize in the Western U.S. Corn Belt:I. On-farm yield, yieldpotential, and impact of agronomic practices[J]. Field CropsResearch,2010,120(1).
[27]王平华,李顺林,谢庆华,等.高含量除虫菊素品种——云除1号的研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004(5):594-596,612.
[29] Parlevliet J E. The genetic variability of the yield components in theKenyan pyrethrum population[J]. Euphytica,1974,23(2):377-384..
[29]陈晓波,饶鸣钿,许旭明,等.抗稻瘟病杂交稻‘广优明118’的生物学特性及产量结构分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):11-16.
[30]聂孝珍,聂瑞麟,李忠荣,等.除虫菊酯的定量分析[J].云南植物研究,1993(3):317-319.
[31]金红云.冷凉山区除虫菊地膜覆盖高产栽培技术[J].云南农业,2015(8):28-29.
[2] Li J, Yin L Y, Jongsma M A, et al. Effects of light, hydroprimingand abiotic stress on seed germination, and shoot and root growthof pyrethrum(Tanacetum cinerariifolium)[J]. Industrial Crops andProducts,2011,34:1543-1549.
[3]袁芳.澳大利亚除虫菊产业的发展与思考[A].中国园艺学会观赏园艺专业委员会,国家花卉工程技术研究中心.中国观赏园艺研究进展(2010)[C].中国园艺学会观赏园艺专业委员会,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,2010:6.
[4]闫秀琴.我国除虫菊产业现状与发展趋势[A].中国农业技术推广协会.第十九届全国植保信息交流暨农药机械交易会论文集[C].中国农业技术推广协会,2003:4.
[5]刘雨晴,赵天增,董建军,等.天然除虫菊的研究及开发应用[J].河南科学,2013,31(8):1151-1155.
[6]张艳军,饶敏,马文彬,等.漂浮育苗不同基质配比对除虫菊苗素质的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,2011,27(12):12-14.
[7]左丽娟,马文彬,杨淑艳,等.除虫菊配方施肥效果研究[J].作物杂志,2013(1):78-80.
[8] Grassini P, Thorburn J, Burr C, Cassman K G. High-yield irrigatedmaize in the Western US corn belt:I On-farmyield, yield potential,and impact of agronomic practices[J]. Field Crops Research,2011,120:142-150.
[9]张建荣.除虫菊配方施肥栽培初探[J].中国园艺文摘,2017,33(6):19,70.
[10] Bhat B K, Menary R C. Path coefficient analysis of pyrethrins yieldin pyrethrum[J]. ISHS Acta Horti-culturae,1986,188:111-116.
[11]李杰,王彩云.除虫菊主要农艺性状的相关及通径分析[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,28(1):44-51.
[12]齐静静,毛静,胡昊,等.继代次数对除虫菊生长及其除虫菊酯质量分数的影响[J].云南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,29(2):216-222.
[13]刘伟,张吉旺.吕鹏,等.种植密度对高产夏玉米登海661产量及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2006,37(7):1301-1307.
[14]王楷,王克如,王永宏,等.密度对玉米产量(>15000 kg/hm2)及其产量构成因子的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3437-3445.
[15]刘经纬,周联东,何代元.玉米新品种新科19播期、密度试验及农艺性状与产量的通径分析[J].农业科技通讯,2011(1):38-39.
[16]王建华,高凤菊.不同施肥量与种植密度对夏玉米产量及效益的影响[J].杂粮作物,2009,29(6):407-409
[17]勾玲,黄建军,张宾,等.群体密度对玉米茎杆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J].作物学报,2007(10):1688-1695.
[18]亓振,赵广才,常旭宏,等.小麦产量与农艺性状的相关分析和通径分析[J].作物杂志,2016(3):45-50.
[19]宋稀,刘凤兰,郑普英,等.高密度种植专用油菜重要农艺性状与产量的关系分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(9):1800-1806.
[20]吴永成,徐亚丽,彭海良,等.播期及种植密度对直播油菜农艺性状和产量品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(2):534-538.
[21]雷喜红,李新旭,王铁臣,等.不同种植密度对番茄长势、果实品质及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(7):30-33.
[22]冯金海,邵宪桥.不同种植密度对烤烟产质量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2016(22):22-23.
[23]张祖金.品种和种植密度对马铃薯产量及晚疫病的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(3):376-377.
[24]张晋,颜群,高得军,等.水稻纹枯病在不同栽培方式稻田发生情况调查[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(2):821-823.
[25]夏增强,韩小强,李忠荣,等.不同栽培方式对除虫菊产量及质量的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2016,39(10):10-13.
[26] Grassini P, Thorburn J, Burr C, Cassman K G. High-yield irrigatedmaize in the Western U.S. Corn Belt:I. On-farm yield, yieldpotential, and impact of agronomic practices[J]. Field CropsResearch,2010,120(1).
[27]王平华,李顺林,谢庆华,等.高含量除虫菊素品种——云除1号的研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2004(5):594-596,612.
[29] Parlevliet J E. The genetic variability of the yield components in theKenyan pyrethrum population[J]. Euphytica,1974,23(2):377-384..
[29]陈晓波,饶鸣钿,许旭明,等.抗稻瘟病杂交稻‘广优明118’的生物学特性及产量结构分析[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(33):11-16.
[30]聂孝珍,聂瑞麟,李忠荣,等.除虫菊酯的定量分析[J].云南植物研究,1993(3):317-319.
[31]金红云.冷凉山区除虫菊地膜覆盖高产栽培技术[J].云南农业,2015(8):28-29.
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