悬浮颗粒物对海面溢油的吸附模式
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摘要
为更好地了解悬浮颗粒物(SPM)作用下沉潜油的形成速度和程度,选择取自渤海南部油田(YYH)、辽河油田(LH)和中东原油(ZD)的3种原油,模拟研究了高岭土和试验原油的相互作用.结果表明,3种试验油的吸附动力学过程基本相似,沉潜率随振荡时间呈指数形式增长后趋于稳定.高岭土对原油的吸附满足Langmuir等温吸附式,基本属于单分子层吸附,YYH、LX和ZD的饱和吸附量分别为914,1297,2083mg/g.当SPM的浓度为500mg/L时,YYH、LX和ZD的最大沉潜率分别为37%、45%和59%.以吸附作用机理为基础,讨论了分散的油滴在颗粒物-水界面的分配特征,提供了1种模式计算沉潜率随悬浮颗粒物浓度变化的关系式.本研究可为沉潜油形成及漂移扩散数值模式研究提供基础数据和科学参考.
In order to better understand the formation rate and extent of submerged oil under the effect of SPM, this study selected three crude oils as test oils, which were taken from the Bohai southern oilfield(YYH), Liaohe Oilfield(LH) and Middle East(ZD),respectively. The interaction between kaolin and the test crude oils were studied. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of the three test oils are basically similar, and the rate of sinking oils tends to be stable after exponential growth. The adsorption of the crude oils by kaolin satisfies the Langmuir isotherm, which belongs to monolayer adsorption. The saturated adsorption capacities of YYH, LX and ZD were 914, 1297 and 2083 mg/g, respectively. When the concentration of SPM was 500 mg/L, the maximum sinking rates of YYH, LX and ZD were 37%, 45% and 59%, respectively. Based on the adsorption mechanism, we discussed the distribution characteristics of dispersed oil droplets at the particle-water interface, and provided a model to calculate the relationship between the sinking rates and the concentration of SPM. This study can provide basic data and scientific basis for the study of numerical models of submerged oil formation and drift diffusion.
In order to better understand the formation rate and extent of submerged oil under the effect of SPM, this study selected three crude oils as test oils, which were taken from the Bohai southern oilfield(YYH), Liaohe Oilfield(LH) and Middle East(ZD),respectively. The interaction between kaolin and the test crude oils were studied. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of the three test oils are basically similar, and the rate of sinking oils tends to be stable after exponential growth. The adsorption of the crude oils by kaolin satisfies the Langmuir isotherm, which belongs to monolayer adsorption. The saturated adsorption capacities of YYH, LX and ZD were 914, 1297 and 2083 mg/g, respectively. When the concentration of SPM was 500 mg/L, the maximum sinking rates of YYH, LX and ZD were 37%, 45% and 59%, respectively. Based on the adsorption mechanism, we discussed the distribution characteristics of dispersed oil droplets at the particle-water interface, and provided a model to calculate the relationship between the sinking rates and the concentration of SPM. This study can provide basic data and scientific basis for the study of numerical models of submerged oil formation and drift diffusion.
引文
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[8] GB 17378.4-2007海洋监测规范[S].GB 17378.4-2007Marine Monitoring Protocols[S].
[9] GB T 2540-81(88)石油产品密度测定法(比重瓶法)[S].GB T 2540-81(88)Density Determination of Petroleum Products(Pycnometer Method)[S].
[10] GB 265-88石油产品运动粘度测定法和动力粘度计算法(GBT)[S].GB 265-88 Petroleum Product Kinematic Viscosity Determination Method and Dynamic Viscosity Calculation Method(GBT)[S].
[11] SY/T 7550-2012原油中蜡胶质沥青质含量的测定[S].SY/T 7550-2012 Determination of waxy asphaltene content in crude oil[S].
[12] GB-T 260-77石油产品水分测定法[S].GB-T 260-77 Determination of Moisture Content of Petroleum Products[S].
[13] Sun J, Zhao D, Zhao C, et al. Investigation of the kinetics of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregation[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013,76(1/2):250-257.
[14] Sun J, Khelifa A, Zheng X, et al. A laboratory study on the kinetics of the formation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregates using the NIST-1941b sediment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010,60(10):1701-1707.
[15] Gong Y, Zhao X, Cai Z, et al. A review of oil, dispersed oil and sediment interactions in the aquatic environment:influence on the fate,transport and remediation of oil spills[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,79(1/2):16-33.
[16]夏文香,刘金雷,李金成,等.石油污染物在海滩颗粒体系中吸附规律的研究[J].海洋通报,2006,25(5):17-21.Xia W X, Liu J L, Li J C, et al. Study on adsorption law of petroleum pollutants in beach particle system[J]. Haiyang Tongbao, 2006,25(5):17-21.
[17] Lei C, Huang X, Ma F. The distribution coefficient of oil and curing agent in PP/EPDM TPV[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2007,18(12):999-1003.
[18] Hatje V, Payne T E, Hill D M, et al. Kinetics of trace element uptake and release by particles in estuarine waters:effects of pH, salinity, and particle loading[J]. Environment International, 2003,29(5):619-629.
[19]李崇明,赵文谦,罗麟.河流泥沙对石油的吸附,解吸规律及影响因素的研究[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(1):23-26.Li C M, Zhao W Q, Luo L. Study on adsorption, desorption and influencing factors of river sediment on petroleum[J]. China Environmental Science, 1997,17(1):23-26.
[2] National Research Council. Spills of Nonfloating Oils:Risk and Response[M]. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1999,75.
[3]刘正江,李青平,熊德琪,等.渤海半潜和沉底油特性,漂移预测及回收技术[J].中国科技成果,2015,(19):33-33.Liu Z J, Li Q P, Xiong D Q, et al. Characteristics of semi-submersible and submarine oil in Bohai, drift prediction and recovery technology[J]. China Science and Technology Achievements, 2015,(19):33-33.
[4] Muschenheim D K, Lee K. Removal of oil from the sea surface through particulate interactions:review and prospectus[J]. Spill Science&Technology Bulletin,2002,8(1):9-18.
[5] Bandara U C, Yapa P D, Xie H. Fate and transport of oil in sediment laden marine waters[J]. Journal of Hydro-environment Research,2011,5(3):145-156.
[6] Zhao L, Boufadel M C,Geng X,et al. A-DROP:A predictive model for the formation of oil particle aggregates(OPAs)[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,106(1/2):245-259.
[7] Gao Y, Zhao X, Ju Z,et al. Effects of the suspended sediment concentration and oil type on the formation of sunken and suspendedoils in the Bohai Sea[J]. Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2018,20(10):1404-1413.
[8] GB 17378.4-2007海洋监测规范[S].GB 17378.4-2007Marine Monitoring Protocols[S].
[9] GB T 2540-81(88)石油产品密度测定法(比重瓶法)[S].GB T 2540-81(88)Density Determination of Petroleum Products(Pycnometer Method)[S].
[10] GB 265-88石油产品运动粘度测定法和动力粘度计算法(GBT)[S].GB 265-88 Petroleum Product Kinematic Viscosity Determination Method and Dynamic Viscosity Calculation Method(GBT)[S].
[11] SY/T 7550-2012原油中蜡胶质沥青质含量的测定[S].SY/T 7550-2012 Determination of waxy asphaltene content in crude oil[S].
[12] GB-T 260-77石油产品水分测定法[S].GB-T 260-77 Determination of Moisture Content of Petroleum Products[S].
[13] Sun J, Zhao D, Zhao C, et al. Investigation of the kinetics of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregation[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2013,76(1/2):250-257.
[14] Sun J, Khelifa A, Zheng X, et al. A laboratory study on the kinetics of the formation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregates using the NIST-1941b sediment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010,60(10):1701-1707.
[15] Gong Y, Zhao X, Cai Z, et al. A review of oil, dispersed oil and sediment interactions in the aquatic environment:influence on the fate,transport and remediation of oil spills[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,79(1/2):16-33.
[16]夏文香,刘金雷,李金成,等.石油污染物在海滩颗粒体系中吸附规律的研究[J].海洋通报,2006,25(5):17-21.Xia W X, Liu J L, Li J C, et al. Study on adsorption law of petroleum pollutants in beach particle system[J]. Haiyang Tongbao, 2006,25(5):17-21.
[17] Lei C, Huang X, Ma F. The distribution coefficient of oil and curing agent in PP/EPDM TPV[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2007,18(12):999-1003.
[18] Hatje V, Payne T E, Hill D M, et al. Kinetics of trace element uptake and release by particles in estuarine waters:effects of pH, salinity, and particle loading[J]. Environment International, 2003,29(5):619-629.
[19]李崇明,赵文谦,罗麟.河流泥沙对石油的吸附,解吸规律及影响因素的研究[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(1):23-26.Li C M, Zhao W Q, Luo L. Study on adsorption, desorption and influencing factors of river sediment on petroleum[J]. China Environmental Science, 1997,17(1):23-26.
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