长三角高铁网络结构特征及形成机制
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摘要
采用12306网站的高铁班次数据,基于复杂网络理论,根据优势度指数、站点始发班次数与班次时间分布等指标详细分析了长三角地区高铁网络的空间分布特征。研究结果表明:高铁网络度分布具有2层等级结构特征,可分为"度大于60"和"度小于60"两类高铁站点;高铁对于上海、南京、杭州及其周边城市的通勤具有一定的推动作用;研究区内站点等级差异较大,其中上海虹桥、南京南以及杭州东3个高铁站点占绝对优势;研究区可划分为4个内部联系较为紧密的社团,各社团的组织结构特征可分别归纳为多层级网络结构、稀疏联系的网络结构、组团式网络结构以及具有典型核心团体的组团式结构。最后,对上述研究结论的形成机制进行了详细探讨。
Based on the frequency data of high-speed rail services from the 12306 Chinese Timetable website and the complex network theory, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the high-speed rail network in the Yangtze River Delta in detail by investigating some indexes, such as dominance index, the service frequency of the stations as starting station, the time distribution of train services, and so on. The result firstly shows that the degree distribution of high-speed rail network has a two-tier hierarchical structure, and the stations can be divided into two types, "degree greater than 60" and "degree less than 60". Secondly, the high-speed rail exerts a promoting effect on the commuting between Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and their surrounding cities. Thirdly, a great difference in the grade of stations is found, three high-speed railway stations, Shanghai Hongqiao, Nanjing South and Hangzhou East are the dominant among those stations. Then this paper divides the study area into four closely related communities, and the organizational structure of those communities can be described as multi-level network, sparse network, group network and group with typical core. Finally, the formation mechanism of the above conclusions is discussed.
Based on the frequency data of high-speed rail services from the 12306 Chinese Timetable website and the complex network theory, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the high-speed rail network in the Yangtze River Delta in detail by investigating some indexes, such as dominance index, the service frequency of the stations as starting station, the time distribution of train services, and so on. The result firstly shows that the degree distribution of high-speed rail network has a two-tier hierarchical structure, and the stations can be divided into two types, "degree greater than 60" and "degree less than 60". Secondly, the high-speed rail exerts a promoting effect on the commuting between Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and their surrounding cities. Thirdly, a great difference in the grade of stations is found, three high-speed railway stations, Shanghai Hongqiao, Nanjing South and Hangzhou East are the dominant among those stations. Then this paper divides the study area into four closely related communities, and the organizational structure of those communities can be described as multi-level network, sparse network, group network and group with typical core. Finally, the formation mechanism of the above conclusions is discussed.
引文
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[2] WANG K,XIA W,ZHANG A.Should China further expand its high-speed rail network?Consider the lowcost carrier factor[J].Transportation Research Part A Policy & Practice,2017,100:105-120.
[3] JIAO J,WANG J,JIN F.Impacts of high-speed rail lines on the city network in China[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2017,60:257-266.
[4] YIN M,BERTOLINI L,DUAN J.The effects of the high-speed railway on urban development:International experience and potential implications for China[J].Progress in Planning,2015,98:1-52.
[5] URE?A J M,MENERAULT P,GARMENDIA M.The high-speed rail challenge for big intermediate cities:A national,regional and local perspective[J].Cities,2011,26(5):266-279.
[6] PERL A D,GOETZ A R.Corridors,hybrids and networks:three global development strategies for high speed rail[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2015,42:134-144.
[7] VICKERMAN R.Can high-speed rail have a transformative effect on the economy?[C].Transport Policy,2017.
[8] 姜博,初楠臣,修春亮,等.中国“四纵四横”高铁网络可达性综合评估与对比[J].地理学报,2016(4):591-604.JIANG B,CHU N C,XIU C L,et al.Comprehensive evaluation and comparative analysis of accessibility in the four vertical and four horizontal HSR networks in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2016(4):591-604.
[9] 汪德根,陈田,陆林,等.区域旅游流空间结构的高铁效应及机理——以中国京沪高铁为例[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):214-233.WANG D G,CHEN T,LU L,et al.Mechanism and HSR effect of spatial structure of regional tourist flow:Case study of Beijing-Shanghai HSR in China [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):214-233.
[10] 穆成林,陆林,黄剑锋,等.高铁网络下的长三角旅游交通格局及联系研究[J].经济地理,2015(12):193-202.MU C L,LU L,HUANG J F,et al.Research on Yangtze River Delta tourist traffic pattern and linkage under the high-speed rail network[J].Economic Geography,2015(12):193-202.
[11] 何丹,杨犇.高速铁路对沿线地区城市腹地的影响研究——以皖北地区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2011,04:66-74.HE D,YANG B.A study on the influence of high-speed railways on urban hinterland:The case of North Anhui[J].Urban Planning Forum,2011,04:66-74.
[12] TANG S,SAVY M,DOULET J F.High speed rail in China and its potential impacts on urban and regional development[J].2011,26(5):409-422.
13] 孙明正,余柳,郭继孚,等.京津冀交通一体化发展问题与对策研究[J].城市交通,2016,14(3):61-66.SUN M Z,YU L,GUO J F,et al.Integrated transportation development for Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei Megalopolis:Problems & countermeasures[J].Urban Transport of China,2016,14(3):61-66.
[14] 刘军.社会网络分析导论[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004.LIU J.Social network analysis[M].Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press,2004.
[15] YANG H,DOBRUSZKES F,WANG J,et al.Comparing China’s urban systems in high-speed railway and airline networks[J].Ulb Institutional Repository,2018,68:233-244.
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