柴达木盆地雅丹形态特征及成因
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摘要
雅丹是沟槽和垄脊相间排列的典型风蚀地貌,雅丹研究是风沙地貌学科的薄弱环节。结合遥感影像和气象数据,对柴达木盆地雅丹地貌的分布、形态特征和发育环境进行了研究。结果表明:柴达木盆地雅丹体形态参数长(l)与宽(w)之间具有良好的正相关关系,即l=3.8685w+7.7109;雅丹地貌的形态受地形、地层性质、气候条件和外力等因素影响;柴达木盆地主风向为WNW和NW,与该区域雅丹的长轴走向吻合,说明研究区雅丹的形成主要靠风蚀作用。
Yardang geomorphology is a typical combination of wind erosion geomorphology with furrows and ridges. Based on remote sensing images and meteorological data, the distribution, morphological characteristics and development environment of yardangs in Qaidam Basin are studied in this paper. The results show that there is a good positive correlation between length(l) and width(w), that is, l=3.8685w+7.7109. The morphology of yardangs is affected by topography, stratigraphic properties, climatic conditions and external forces. The main wind direction of Qaidam Basin is WNW and NW, which is consistent with the long axis strike of yardangs in this area, indicating that the formation of yardangs in the study area mainly depends on wind erosion.
Yardang geomorphology is a typical combination of wind erosion geomorphology with furrows and ridges. Based on remote sensing images and meteorological data, the distribution, morphological characteristics and development environment of yardangs in Qaidam Basin are studied in this paper. The results show that there is a good positive correlation between length(l) and width(w), that is, l=3.8685w+7.7109. The morphology of yardangs is affected by topography, stratigraphic properties, climatic conditions and external forces. The main wind direction of Qaidam Basin is WNW and NW, which is consistent with the long axis strike of yardangs in this area, indicating that the formation of yardangs in the study area mainly depends on wind erosion.
引文
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[24] Han W,Ma Z,Lai Z,et al.Wind erosion on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau:constraints from OSL and U-Th dating of playa salt crust in the Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2014,39:779-789.
[25] Kapp P,Pelletier D P,Rohrmann A,et al.Wind erosion in the Qaidam Basin,central Asia:implications for tectonics,paleoclimate,and the source of the Loess Plateau[J].GSA Today,2011,21(4/5):4-10.
[26] Ward A W,Greeley R.Evolution of the yardangs at Rogers Lake,California[J].Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1984,95:829-837.
[27] 陈丙咸,吕明强.柴达木盆地的荒漠地貌[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1959(6):35-42.
[28] 孙殿卿,吴佳影,邓乃恭,等.柴达木盆地北部第三纪地层及地质构造特征[M].北京:地质出版社,1959.
[2] Goudie A S.Mega-yardangs:a global analysis[J].Geography Compass,2007,1(1):65-81.
[3] Ward A W.Yardangs on Mars:evidence of recent wind erosion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1979,84(B14):8147-8166
[4] Zimbelman J R,Griffin L J.HiRISE images of yardangs and sinuous ridges in the lower member of the Medusae Fossae Formation,Mars[J].Icarus,2010,205(1):198-210.
[5] Trego K D.Yardang identification in Magellan imagery of Venus[J].Earth,Moon,and Planets,1992,58(3):289-290.
[6] Paillou P,Seignovert B,Radebaugh J,et al.Radar scattering of linear dunes and mega-yardangs:application to Tita[J].Icarus,2016,270:211-221.
[7] 杨更.新疆雅丹地貌分布特征浅析[J].四川地质学报2009,29(6):286-290.
[8] Dong Z,Lv P,Lu J,et al.Geomorphology and origin of yardangs in the Kumtagh Desert,northwest China[J].Geomorphology,2012,139/140:145-154.
[9] 黄文弼.罗布淖尔考古记[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1948.
[10] 陈宗器.罗布淖尔与罗布荒原[J].地理学报,1936(1):19-49.
[11] 夏训诚.罗布泊地区雅丹地貌的成因[M]//中国科学院新疆分院罗布泊综合科学考察队.罗布泊科学考察与研究.北京:科学出版社,1987:52-59.
[12] 范锡朋.柴达木盆地西北部冷湖地区地貌概论[J].地理学报,1962,28(4):275-289.
[13] Halimov M,Fezer F.Eight yardang types in Central Asia[J].Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,1989,33(2):205-217.
[14] 李继彦,董治宝.柴达木盆地东南部雅丹地貌形态参数研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):122-125.
[15] 李继彦,董治宝,李恩菊,等.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌沉积物粒度特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1187-1192.
[16] 李继彦,董治宝,李恩菊,等.察尔汗盐湖雅丹地貌区风况分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1293-1298.
[17] Li J,Dong Z,Qian G,et al.Yardangs in the Qaidam Basin,northwestern China:distribution and morphology[J].Aeolian Research,2016,20:89-99.
[18] Hu C,Chen N,Kapp P,et al.Yardang geometries in the Qaidam Basin and their controlling factors[J].Geomorphology,2017,299:142-151.
[19] Zhao Y,Chen N,Chen J,et al.Automatic extraction of yardangs using Landsat 8 and UAV images:a case study in the Qaidam Basin,China[J].Aeolian Research,2018,33:53-61.
[20] 毛晓长,刘祥,董颖,等.柴达木盆地鸭湖地区水上雅丹地貌成因研究[J].地质评论,2018,64(6):1505-1518.
[21] Wang J,Xiao L,Reiss D,et al.Geological features and evolution of yardangs in the Qaidam Basin,Tibetan Plateau (NW China):a terrestrial analogue for Mars[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Planets,2018,123:2336-2364.
[22] 吴桐雯,李江海,杨梦莲.柴达木盆地风成地貌类型与晚全新世古风况恢复[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(5):1021-1027.
[23] 伍光和,张志良,胡双熙,等.柴达木盆地[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1990.
[24] Han W,Ma Z,Lai Z,et al.Wind erosion on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau:constraints from OSL and U-Th dating of playa salt crust in the Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2014,39:779-789.
[25] Kapp P,Pelletier D P,Rohrmann A,et al.Wind erosion in the Qaidam Basin,central Asia:implications for tectonics,paleoclimate,and the source of the Loess Plateau[J].GSA Today,2011,21(4/5):4-10.
[26] Ward A W,Greeley R.Evolution of the yardangs at Rogers Lake,California[J].Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1984,95:829-837.
[27] 陈丙咸,吕明强.柴达木盆地的荒漠地貌[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1959(6):35-42.
[28] 孙殿卿,吴佳影,邓乃恭,等.柴达木盆地北部第三纪地层及地质构造特征[M].北京:地质出版社,1959.
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