2001—2017年黄土高原实际蒸散发的时空格局
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摘要
为了给全面评估黄土高原地区大规模实施退耕还林还草的生态效应提供依据,基于NASA发布的空间分辨率为500 m的MOD16A2蒸散发数据产品,分析了黄土高原以及黄河中游典型流域2001—2017年实际蒸散发量时空变化特征。结果表明:黄土高原年均实际蒸散发量从西北向东南递增,多年平均季节蒸散发量空间分布格局与年平均蒸散发量分布格局基本一致,季节蒸散发量由大到小顺序为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;实施退耕还林还草工程以来,黄土高原年均蒸散发量以8.23 mm/a的速率显著增加,多年平均蒸散发量为278.71 mm;黄河中游各典型支流2001—2017年蒸散发量均呈现增加的趋势,延河流域增速最大(为12.96 mm/a),皇甫川流域增速最小(为4.34 mm/a);不同流域实际蒸散发量差异较大,渭河干流年均蒸散发量最大(为388.26 mm),皇甫川流域年均蒸散发量最小(为153.71 mm)。
In order to provide a basis for comprehensive assessment of the ecological effects of large-scale conversion of "Grain for Green" in the Loess Plateau, based on NASA's MOD16 A2 evapotranspiration product(spatial resolution 500 m), this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of actual evapotranspiration(ET) in the Loess Plateau and typical watersheds in the middle Yellow River from 2001 to 2017. The results show that the annual average ET and the annual average seasonal evapotranspiration of the Loess Plateau are both increased from northwest to southeast. The seasonal evapotranspiration follows the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter; Since the implementation of "Grain for Green", the annual average evapotranspiration of the Loess Plateau shows an increasing trend of 8.23 mm/a and the annual average evapotranspiration is 277.76 mm; The annual average evapotranspiration shows an increasing trend from 2001 to 2017 for all watersheds in the middle Yellow River and that of the Yanhe River basin increases with average increasing rate of 12.96 mm/a; the annual average evapotranspiration of Huangfuchuan shows more gently increasing trend with average increasing rate of 4.34 mm/a. Among the main tributary catchments, the annual average ET value of Weihe River is the highest(388.26 mm) and that of Huangfuchuan is the lowest(153.71 mm).
In order to provide a basis for comprehensive assessment of the ecological effects of large-scale conversion of "Grain for Green" in the Loess Plateau, based on NASA's MOD16 A2 evapotranspiration product(spatial resolution 500 m), this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of actual evapotranspiration(ET) in the Loess Plateau and typical watersheds in the middle Yellow River from 2001 to 2017. The results show that the annual average ET and the annual average seasonal evapotranspiration of the Loess Plateau are both increased from northwest to southeast. The seasonal evapotranspiration follows the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter; Since the implementation of "Grain for Green", the annual average evapotranspiration of the Loess Plateau shows an increasing trend of 8.23 mm/a and the annual average evapotranspiration is 277.76 mm; The annual average evapotranspiration shows an increasing trend from 2001 to 2017 for all watersheds in the middle Yellow River and that of the Yanhe River basin increases with average increasing rate of 12.96 mm/a; the annual average evapotranspiration of Huangfuchuan shows more gently increasing trend with average increasing rate of 4.34 mm/a. Among the main tributary catchments, the annual average ET value of Weihe River is the highest(388.26 mm) and that of Huangfuchuan is the lowest(153.71 mm).
引文
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[3] 位贺杰,张艳芳,朱妮,等.基于MOD16数据的渭河流域地表实际蒸散发时空特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):414-422.
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[5] 邓兴耀,刘洋,刘志辉,等.中国西北干旱区蒸散发时空动态特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):2994-3008.
[6] 韩晓燕,钱鞠,王磊,等.黄土高原土壤侵蚀(水蚀)多尺度过程与水土保持研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1487-1498.
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[12] 王飞,高建恩,邵辉,等.基于GIS的黄土高原生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应及生态补偿[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(1):25-31.
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[16] 钟莉娜,赵文武.基于NDVI的黄土高原植被覆盖变化特征分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(5):57-62.
[17] 刘世梁,郭旭东,连纲,等.黄土高原典型脆弱区生态安全多尺度评价[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1554-1559.
[18] SHI H,SHAO M.Soil and Water Loss from the Loess Plateau in China [J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,45(1):9-20.
[19] MU Q,HEINSCH F A,ZHAO M,et al.Development of a Global Evapotranspiration Algorithm Based on MODIS and Global Meteorology Data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2007,111(4):519-536.
[20] 喻元,白建军,王建博,等.基于MOD16的关中地区实际蒸散发时空特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):245-253.
[21] 张巧凤,刘桂香,于红博,等.基于MOD16A2的锡林郭勒草原近14年的蒸散发时空动态[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):286-293.
[22] 马明国,王建,王雪梅.基于遥感的植被年际变化及其与气候关系研究进展[J].遥感学报,2006,10(3):421-431.
[23] 张小明,余新晓,武思宏,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型流域土地利用土地覆被变化水文动态响应[J].生态学报,2007,27(2):414-423.
[24] 王林,陈兴伟.退化山地生态系统植被恢复水文效应的SWAT模拟[J].山地学报,2008,26(1):71-75.
[25] 邵薇薇,杨大文,孙福宝,等.黄土高原地区植被与水循环的关系[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(12):1958-1962.
[26] PIAO S,FANG J,ZHOU L,et al.Variations in Satellite-Derived Phenology in China′s Temperate Vegetation [J].Global Change Biol.,2006,12(4):672-685.
[27] CAO S X,CHEN L,SHANKMAN D,et al.Excessive Reliance on Afforestation in China′s Arid and Semi-Arid Regions:Lessons in Ecological Restoration [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2011,104(4):240-245.
[28] 信忠保,许炯心,郑伟.气候变化和人类活动对黄土高原植被覆盖变化的影响[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(11):1504-1514.
[29] 何延波,SU Z,JIA L,等.遥感数据支持下不同地表覆盖的区域蒸散[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):288-296.
[30] 莫兴国,郭瑞萍,林忠辉.无定河流域1981—2001年植被生产力和水量平衡对气候变化的响应[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(4):477-486.
[31] 余卫东,闵庆文,李湘阁.黄土高原地区降水资源特征及其对植被分布的可能影响[J].资源科学,2002,24(6):55-56.
[32] ZENG R,CAI X.Assessing the Temporal Variance of Evapotranspiration Considering Climate and Catchment Storage Factors [J].Adv.Water Resour.,2015,79:51-60.
[2] 杜琦.山西省汾河流域植被恢复对蒸散发的影响[J].人民珠江,2018,39(1):10-12.
[3] 位贺杰,张艳芳,朱妮,等.基于MOD16数据的渭河流域地表实际蒸散发时空特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):414-422.
[4] 贺添,邵全琴.基于MOD16产品的我国2001—2010年蒸散发时空格局变化分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(6):979-988.
[5] 邓兴耀,刘洋,刘志辉,等.中国西北干旱区蒸散发时空动态特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):2994-3008.
[6] 韩晓燕,钱鞠,王磊,等.黄土高原土壤侵蚀(水蚀)多尺度过程与水土保持研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1487-1498.
[7] SUN W Y,SONG X Y,MU X M,et al.Spatiotemporal Vegetation Cover Variations Associated with Climate Change and Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau [J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2015,209/210:87-99.
[8] 国家林业局退耕还林办公室.退耕还林指导与实践[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2003:3.
[9] 国家林业局.中国林业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:12-25.
[10] 高健健,穆兴民,孙文义.1981—2012年黄土高原植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J].中国水土保持,2016(7):52-56.
[11] 高健健,穆兴民,孙文义.2000—2012年黄土高原植被覆盖度时空变化[J].人民黄河,2015,37(11):85-91.
[12] 王飞,高建恩,邵辉,等.基于GIS的黄土高原生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应及生态补偿[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(1):25-31.
[13] ZHANG J,LI J,GUO B,et al.Magnetostratigraphic Age and Monsoonal Evolution Recorded by the Thickest Quaternary Loess Deposit of the Lanzhou Region,Western Chinese Loess Plateau [J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2016,139:17-29.
[14] XIE B,JIA X,QIN Z,et al.Vegetation Dynamics and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau,China:1982-2011 [J].Regional Environmental Change,2016,16(6):1583-1594.
[15] 罗宇生,汪国烈.湿陷性黄土研究与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:48.
[16] 钟莉娜,赵文武.基于NDVI的黄土高原植被覆盖变化特征分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(5):57-62.
[17] 刘世梁,郭旭东,连纲,等.黄土高原典型脆弱区生态安全多尺度评价[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(7):1554-1559.
[18] SHI H,SHAO M.Soil and Water Loss from the Loess Plateau in China [J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,45(1):9-20.
[19] MU Q,HEINSCH F A,ZHAO M,et al.Development of a Global Evapotranspiration Algorithm Based on MODIS and Global Meteorology Data[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2007,111(4):519-536.
[20] 喻元,白建军,王建博,等.基于MOD16的关中地区实际蒸散发时空特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):245-253.
[21] 张巧凤,刘桂香,于红博,等.基于MOD16A2的锡林郭勒草原近14年的蒸散发时空动态[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):286-293.
[22] 马明国,王建,王雪梅.基于遥感的植被年际变化及其与气候关系研究进展[J].遥感学报,2006,10(3):421-431.
[23] 张小明,余新晓,武思宏,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型流域土地利用土地覆被变化水文动态响应[J].生态学报,2007,27(2):414-423.
[24] 王林,陈兴伟.退化山地生态系统植被恢复水文效应的SWAT模拟[J].山地学报,2008,26(1):71-75.
[25] 邵薇薇,杨大文,孙福宝,等.黄土高原地区植被与水循环的关系[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(12):1958-1962.
[26] PIAO S,FANG J,ZHOU L,et al.Variations in Satellite-Derived Phenology in China′s Temperate Vegetation [J].Global Change Biol.,2006,12(4):672-685.
[27] CAO S X,CHEN L,SHANKMAN D,et al.Excessive Reliance on Afforestation in China′s Arid and Semi-Arid Regions:Lessons in Ecological Restoration [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2011,104(4):240-245.
[28] 信忠保,许炯心,郑伟.气候变化和人类活动对黄土高原植被覆盖变化的影响[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(11):1504-1514.
[29] 何延波,SU Z,JIA L,等.遥感数据支持下不同地表覆盖的区域蒸散[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2):288-296.
[30] 莫兴国,郭瑞萍,林忠辉.无定河流域1981—2001年植被生产力和水量平衡对气候变化的响应[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(4):477-486.
[31] 余卫东,闵庆文,李湘阁.黄土高原地区降水资源特征及其对植被分布的可能影响[J].资源科学,2002,24(6):55-56.
[32] ZENG R,CAI X.Assessing the Temporal Variance of Evapotranspiration Considering Climate and Catchment Storage Factors [J].Adv.Water Resour.,2015,79:51-60.
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