含软弱夹层板岩抗剪强度试验及表征方法
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摘要
在微机控制岩石剪切试验机上,针对预裂的含薄层黏土充填结构面板岩试件,进行不同法向应力下的结构面直剪试验,发现:结构面直剪试验中,并不是整个结构面都参与抗剪工作,只有部分结构面发挥抗剪作用,而且发挥抗剪作用的有效摩擦面积随法向应力的增大而增大,但是增大速率逐渐减小。基于整个结构面发挥抗剪作用的假设,获得了结构面表观剪应力-剪位移关系曲线,拟合计算了结构面表观抗剪强度指标;同时基于每次直剪试验中结构面部分区域发挥抗剪作用的假设,获得了结构面有效剪应力-剪位移关系曲线,拟合计算了结构面有效抗剪强度指标。对比两者发现:结构面抗剪强度指标中,内摩擦角与发挥抗剪作用面积的选取无关,黏聚力则受发挥抗剪作用面积选取的影响;基于结构面有效摩擦面积计算得到的有效黏聚力,相比表观黏聚力,提高了95%。本文研究成果对于滑坡工程治理方案的评估与选择具有重要的意义和价值。
Direct shearing tests of pre-split structural plane filled with clay films are conducted on the slate specimens using a microprocessor servo-controlled shearing tester under various normal stresses. After that,two experimental phenomena are found as follows.( 1) During the process of direct shearing test of structural plane,the areas which bored the shearing force were not the whole structural plane,but were partial structural plane.( 2) The values of effective frictional areas which bored the shearing force during every shearing process,could increase with the increasing of normal stress,but the increasing rate decreased gradually. In this paper,to analyze the changing law of shear strength parameters of filled structural plane,the apparent shear strength parameters and effective shear strength parameters were proposed. The apparent shear strength parameters were calculated according to the assumption that the shearing force was borne by the whole structural plane. And then,curves of relation between apparent shear stress and shear displacement were obtained. And apparent shear strength parameters were achieved by fitting the apparent shear stresses under various apparent normal stresses. The effective shear strength parameters were calculated according to the assumption of effective frictional areas. In the same way,the curves of relation between the effective shear stress and the shear displacement,and effective shear strength parameters were obtained. Comparing the apparent shear strength parameters with effective shear strength parameters,we find that:( 1) the frictional angle has no relationship with the choice of structural plane which bears the shearing force. But the cohesion is influenced by the choice of structural plane.( 2) Comparing with the apparent cohesion,the value of effective cohesion is improved by 95%. This paper may contribute to the assessment and selection of the treatment plan of landslide engineering.
Direct shearing tests of pre-split structural plane filled with clay films are conducted on the slate specimens using a microprocessor servo-controlled shearing tester under various normal stresses. After that,two experimental phenomena are found as follows.( 1) During the process of direct shearing test of structural plane,the areas which bored the shearing force were not the whole structural plane,but were partial structural plane.( 2) The values of effective frictional areas which bored the shearing force during every shearing process,could increase with the increasing of normal stress,but the increasing rate decreased gradually. In this paper,to analyze the changing law of shear strength parameters of filled structural plane,the apparent shear strength parameters and effective shear strength parameters were proposed. The apparent shear strength parameters were calculated according to the assumption that the shearing force was borne by the whole structural plane. And then,curves of relation between apparent shear stress and shear displacement were obtained. And apparent shear strength parameters were achieved by fitting the apparent shear stresses under various apparent normal stresses. The effective shear strength parameters were calculated according to the assumption of effective frictional areas. In the same way,the curves of relation between the effective shear stress and the shear displacement,and effective shear strength parameters were obtained. Comparing the apparent shear strength parameters with effective shear strength parameters,we find that:( 1) the frictional angle has no relationship with the choice of structural plane which bears the shearing force. But the cohesion is influenced by the choice of structural plane.( 2) Comparing with the apparent cohesion,the value of effective cohesion is improved by 95%. This paper may contribute to the assessment and selection of the treatment plan of landslide engineering.
引文
Bandis S,Lumsden A C,Barton N R.1981.Experimental studies of scales effects on the shear behaviour of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,18(1):1-21.
Barton N,Bandis S.1982.Effects of block size on the shear behavior of joints rock[C]//The 23rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics.Berkeley:[s.n.]:739-760.
Barton N,Choubey V.1977.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice[J].Rock Mechanics,10(1-2):1-54.
Du S J,Zhu J D,Zhi H T.2006.Shear tests on rock joints under different shear deformation histories[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,25(1):56-60.
Gao W L,Jiang Y D,Zhan C.2010.The study of structural-plane based on appearance and backfilling state[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,18(1):127-131.
Ge Y F,Tang H M,Cheng H,et al.2015.Direct shear tests study for relationship between surface temperature and surface roughness of rock joints[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(4):624-633.
Ge Y F,Tang H M,Liu X,et al.2011.Error analysis in direct shear rock-mass structural tests[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,40(4):549-555.
Grasselli G,Wirth J,Egger P.2002.Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,39(6):789-800.
Han J Y.2001.Discussion on error of parameters in direct shear test[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,25(2):43-44.
Hu W,Wu A Q,Chen S H.2017.Shear test of rock discontinuity based on 3-d morphologic analysis[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,34(9):91-97,103.
Indraratna B,Jayanathan M,Brown T.2008.Shear strength model for overconsolidated clay-infilled idealised rock joints[J].Géotechnique,58(1):55-65.
Li X F,Li H B,Xia X,et al.2016.Numerical simulation of mechanical characteristics of jointed rock in direct shear test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,37(2):583-591.
Liu J F,Xu J,Gao C Y.2005.Discussion on the defect of direct shear test of soil[J].Sichuan Water Power,24(1):56-59.
Patton F D.1966.Multiple modes of shear failure in rock[C]//Proceedings of the 1st ISRM Congress.Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n.]:509-513.
Pereira J P.1990.Mechanics of Fill Discontinuities[J].Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock.Balkema,Rtterdam:375-380.
Sun G Z.1988.Rock mass structure mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press.
Tang L Q,Nie D X,Ren G M.2003.Discussion on the relational between granulometric composition and shear strength parameter of weak structural plane[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,11(2):143-147.
Wang Q H.2011.The research on engineering characteristics of red soft rock and it's slope stability[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology.
Wei J H,Wang W C,Yang Y Y,et al.2017.Study on the influence of filling on mechanical properties of structural surface under repeated shear condition[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(6):1482-1490.
Xia C C,Sun Z X,Pan C L.1996.Study of shear strength and closure deformation of joints with different topography[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,27(11):28-32,38.
Xu Z W,Zhou G Q,Liu Z Q,et al.2007.Correcting method and error analysis for sample area in direct shear test[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,36(5):658-662.
Zhang J M,Liu Q S,Tang Z C,et al.2015.New peak shear strength criterion with inclusion of shear action history[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),45(5):77-81.
Zhang L L,Wang X J.2017.Correction of the shear area and error analysis in direct shear test[J].Mechanics in Engineering,39(5):468-471.
Zhu X M,Li H B,Liu B.2014.Study of mechanical characteristics of simulated rock joints with second-order asperity under cyclic shear loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,35(2):371-379.
杜守继,朱建栋,职洪涛.2006.岩石节理经历不同变形历史的剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,25(1):56-60.
高文龙,姜耀东,湛川.2010.软弱结构面表面形态与充填度的力学特性研究[J].工程地质学报,18(1):127-131.
葛云峰,唐辉明,程昊,等.2015.基于直剪试验的岩体结构面表面温度与粗糙度关系研究[J].工程地质学报,23(4):624-633.
葛云峰,唐辉明,刘晓,等.2011.岩体结构面直剪实验的剪切面积误差分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,40(4):549-555.
韩佳泳.2001.直剪试验中参数误差原因探讨[J].大坝观测与土工测试,25(2):43-44.
胡伟,邬爱清,陈胜宏.2017.基于三维形貌分析的结构面剪切试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,34(9):91-97,103.
李晓锋,李海波,夏祥,等.2016.类节理岩石直剪试验力学特性的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,37(2):583-591.
刘建锋,徐进,高春玉.2005.土的直剪试验缺陷探讨[J].四川水力发电,24(1):56-59.
孙广忠.1988.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社.
唐良琴,聂德新,任光明.2003.软弱结构面粒度成分与抗剪强度参数的关系探讨[J].工程地质学报,11(2):143-147.
王其海.2011.红层软岩的工程特性及其边坡稳定性研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学.
魏继红,王武超,杨圆圆,等.2017.重复剪切作用下充填物对结构面力学性质的影响[J].工程地质学报,25(6):1482-1490.
夏才初,孙宗颀,潘长良.1996.不同形貌节理的剪切强度和闭合变形研究[J].水利学报,27(11):28-32,38.
徐志伟,周国庆,刘志强,等.2007.直剪试验的面积校正方法及误差分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,36(5):658-662.
张建明,刘泉声,唐志成,等.2015.考虑剪切变形历史影响的节理峰值剪切强度准则[J].山东大学学报(工学版),45(5):77-81.
张亮亮,王晓健.2017.直剪实验剪切面积的修正及误差分析[J].力学与实践,39(5):468-471.
朱小明,李海波,刘博.2014.循环剪切荷载作用下含二阶起伏体模拟岩石节理力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,35(2):371-379.
Barton N,Bandis S.1982.Effects of block size on the shear behavior of joints rock[C]//The 23rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics.Berkeley:[s.n.]:739-760.
Barton N,Choubey V.1977.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice[J].Rock Mechanics,10(1-2):1-54.
Du S J,Zhu J D,Zhi H T.2006.Shear tests on rock joints under different shear deformation histories[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,25(1):56-60.
Gao W L,Jiang Y D,Zhan C.2010.The study of structural-plane based on appearance and backfilling state[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,18(1):127-131.
Ge Y F,Tang H M,Cheng H,et al.2015.Direct shear tests study for relationship between surface temperature and surface roughness of rock joints[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(4):624-633.
Ge Y F,Tang H M,Liu X,et al.2011.Error analysis in direct shear rock-mass structural tests[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,40(4):549-555.
Grasselli G,Wirth J,Egger P.2002.Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,39(6):789-800.
Han J Y.2001.Discussion on error of parameters in direct shear test[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,25(2):43-44.
Hu W,Wu A Q,Chen S H.2017.Shear test of rock discontinuity based on 3-d morphologic analysis[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,34(9):91-97,103.
Indraratna B,Jayanathan M,Brown T.2008.Shear strength model for overconsolidated clay-infilled idealised rock joints[J].Géotechnique,58(1):55-65.
Li X F,Li H B,Xia X,et al.2016.Numerical simulation of mechanical characteristics of jointed rock in direct shear test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,37(2):583-591.
Liu J F,Xu J,Gao C Y.2005.Discussion on the defect of direct shear test of soil[J].Sichuan Water Power,24(1):56-59.
Patton F D.1966.Multiple modes of shear failure in rock[C]//Proceedings of the 1st ISRM Congress.Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n.]:509-513.
Pereira J P.1990.Mechanics of Fill Discontinuities[J].Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock.Balkema,Rtterdam:375-380.
Sun G Z.1988.Rock mass structure mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press.
Tang L Q,Nie D X,Ren G M.2003.Discussion on the relational between granulometric composition and shear strength parameter of weak structural plane[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,11(2):143-147.
Wang Q H.2011.The research on engineering characteristics of red soft rock and it's slope stability[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science&Technology.
Wei J H,Wang W C,Yang Y Y,et al.2017.Study on the influence of filling on mechanical properties of structural surface under repeated shear condition[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(6):1482-1490.
Xia C C,Sun Z X,Pan C L.1996.Study of shear strength and closure deformation of joints with different topography[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,27(11):28-32,38.
Xu Z W,Zhou G Q,Liu Z Q,et al.2007.Correcting method and error analysis for sample area in direct shear test[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,36(5):658-662.
Zhang J M,Liu Q S,Tang Z C,et al.2015.New peak shear strength criterion with inclusion of shear action history[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),45(5):77-81.
Zhang L L,Wang X J.2017.Correction of the shear area and error analysis in direct shear test[J].Mechanics in Engineering,39(5):468-471.
Zhu X M,Li H B,Liu B.2014.Study of mechanical characteristics of simulated rock joints with second-order asperity under cyclic shear loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,35(2):371-379.
杜守继,朱建栋,职洪涛.2006.岩石节理经历不同变形历史的剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,25(1):56-60.
高文龙,姜耀东,湛川.2010.软弱结构面表面形态与充填度的力学特性研究[J].工程地质学报,18(1):127-131.
葛云峰,唐辉明,程昊,等.2015.基于直剪试验的岩体结构面表面温度与粗糙度关系研究[J].工程地质学报,23(4):624-633.
葛云峰,唐辉明,刘晓,等.2011.岩体结构面直剪实验的剪切面积误差分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,40(4):549-555.
韩佳泳.2001.直剪试验中参数误差原因探讨[J].大坝观测与土工测试,25(2):43-44.
胡伟,邬爱清,陈胜宏.2017.基于三维形貌分析的结构面剪切试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,34(9):91-97,103.
李晓锋,李海波,夏祥,等.2016.类节理岩石直剪试验力学特性的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,37(2):583-591.
刘建锋,徐进,高春玉.2005.土的直剪试验缺陷探讨[J].四川水力发电,24(1):56-59.
孙广忠.1988.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社.
唐良琴,聂德新,任光明.2003.软弱结构面粒度成分与抗剪强度参数的关系探讨[J].工程地质学报,11(2):143-147.
王其海.2011.红层软岩的工程特性及其边坡稳定性研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学.
魏继红,王武超,杨圆圆,等.2017.重复剪切作用下充填物对结构面力学性质的影响[J].工程地质学报,25(6):1482-1490.
夏才初,孙宗颀,潘长良.1996.不同形貌节理的剪切强度和闭合变形研究[J].水利学报,27(11):28-32,38.
徐志伟,周国庆,刘志强,等.2007.直剪试验的面积校正方法及误差分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,36(5):658-662.
张建明,刘泉声,唐志成,等.2015.考虑剪切变形历史影响的节理峰值剪切强度准则[J].山东大学学报(工学版),45(5):77-81.
张亮亮,王晓健.2017.直剪实验剪切面积的修正及误差分析[J].力学与实践,39(5):468-471.
朱小明,李海波,刘博.2014.循环剪切荷载作用下含二阶起伏体模拟岩石节理力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,35(2):371-379.
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