南方红壤丘陵区樟树林土壤水分动态变化
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摘要
为了解南方红壤丘陵区樟树林地土壤水分变化规律,对0—100 cm不同深度的土壤水分与温度以及相应气象要素连续l年的观测,并基于土壤水分平衡法计算蒸散量,研究土壤水分的时空变化、蒸散量变化和对降水的响应。结果表明:(1)观测期土壤水分的季节变化可划分为丰水期(3—6月)、耗水期(7—10月)和补水期(11月—次年2月);(2)土壤体积含水量由浅至深表现为增长型,稳定性增强,且垂向变化具有显著季节差异;(3)非降水日林地蒸散量的季节变化表现为耗水期(3.28 mm/d)>丰水期(1.83 mm/d)>补水期(1.0 mm/d),蒸散量日内变化呈现白天强、夜间弱的特征,日蒸散量与日均气温、VPD、太阳辐射均呈极显著正相关;(4)土壤水分干季比湿季对降水响应更强烈,湿季9 mm、干季3 mm的降水使最大下渗深度达10 cm,土壤水分开始接受补给。林地土壤水分受降水和蒸散发影响,具有显著时空分异。
To understand the dynamics of soil water in Cinnamomum camphora forest in the red soil hilly region of south China, soil moisture and temperature in 0—100 cm soil layer and meteorological factors were observed in the entire year. Evapotranspiration was calculated based on soil moisture balance method. The temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and their response to precipitation were studied. The results showed that:(1) the seasonal variation of soil moisture during the observation could be divided into three stages, i. e. water-rich period(from March to June), water-consuming period(from July to October) and water-replenishing period(from November to following February);(2) soil bulk water content increased from shallow to deep, and its stability increased, and its vertical variation had significant seasonal difference;(3) the seasonal variation of forest land evapotranspiration in non-precipitation days decreased in the sequence: water-consuming period(3.28 mm/day)>water-rich period(1.83 mm/day)>water-replenishing period(1.0 mm/day); the diurnal variation was characterized as strong change on daytime and weak change at night. Daily evapotranspiration was significantly positively correlated with daily average temperature, VPD and solar radiation;(4) the response of soil moisture to precipitation in dry season was stronger than that in wet season; the precipitation of 9 mm in wet season and 3 mm in dry season made the maximum depth of infiltration reach up to 10 cm, and thus, soil moisture could be replenished. Soil moisture in forestland was significantly affected by precipitation and evapotranspiration, and presented the significant spatiotemporal distribution.
To understand the dynamics of soil water in Cinnamomum camphora forest in the red soil hilly region of south China, soil moisture and temperature in 0—100 cm soil layer and meteorological factors were observed in the entire year. Evapotranspiration was calculated based on soil moisture balance method. The temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and their response to precipitation were studied. The results showed that:(1) the seasonal variation of soil moisture during the observation could be divided into three stages, i. e. water-rich period(from March to June), water-consuming period(from July to October) and water-replenishing period(from November to following February);(2) soil bulk water content increased from shallow to deep, and its stability increased, and its vertical variation had significant seasonal difference;(3) the seasonal variation of forest land evapotranspiration in non-precipitation days decreased in the sequence: water-consuming period(3.28 mm/day)>water-rich period(1.83 mm/day)>water-replenishing period(1.0 mm/day); the diurnal variation was characterized as strong change on daytime and weak change at night. Daily evapotranspiration was significantly positively correlated with daily average temperature, VPD and solar radiation;(4) the response of soil moisture to precipitation in dry season was stronger than that in wet season; the precipitation of 9 mm in wet season and 3 mm in dry season made the maximum depth of infiltration reach up to 10 cm, and thus, soil moisture could be replenished. Soil moisture in forestland was significantly affected by precipitation and evapotranspiration, and presented the significant spatiotemporal distribution.
引文
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[13] 刘晨峰,张志强,孙阁,等.基于涡度相关法和树干液流法评价杨树人工林生态系统蒸发散及其环境响应[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):706-718.
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[19] 黄道友,王克林,黄敏,等.我国中亚热带典型红壤丘陵区季节性干旱[J].生态学报,2004,24(11):2516-2523.
[20] 罗紫东.洞庭湖流域部分常见树种的光合作用和水分利用研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2016.
[21] 刘娜,关华德,罗紫东,等.环境因子对洞庭湖流域三种树木蒸腾的影响[J].生态学志,2016,35(6):1460-1466.
[22] 罗紫东,关华德,章新平,等.亚热带樟树树干液流通量变化规律[J].热带地理,2016,36(4):658-665.
[23] 张娟,宋维峰,彭永刚,等.元阳梯田水源区林地土壤水分时空变异性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):49-53.
[24] 李衍青,张铜会,刘新平,等.科尔沁地区不同类型沙地土壤水分变化分析[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(3):31-35.
[25] 李卫,冯伟,杨文斌,等.流动沙丘水分深层入渗量与降雨的关系[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):779-786.
[2] 李谦,郑锦森,朱青,等.太湖流域典型土地利用类型土壤水分对降雨的响应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):6-11.
[3] 胡孔飞.湘北恺木人工林土壤水分动态及影响因素研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2009.
[4] 王晓燕,陈洪松,王克林,等.不同利用方式下红壤坡地土壤水分时空动态变化规律研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):110-113.
[5] 王晶,朱清科,刘中奇,等.黄土丘陵区不同林地土壤水分动态变化[J].水土保持究,2011,18(1):220-223.
[6] 黄志刚,李锋瑞,曹云,等.南方红壤丘陵区杜仲人工林土壤水分动态[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(9):1937-1944.
[7] 宗路平,角媛梅,华红莲,等.哈尼梯田景观水源林区土壤水分垂直变化与持水性能[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):59-64.
[8] 胡伟,邵明安,王全九.黄土高原退耕坡地土壤水分空间变异性研究[J].水科学进展,2006,17(1):74-81.
[9] Wang S,Fu B J,Gao G Y,et al.Soil moisture and evapotranspiration of different land cover types in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2012,16:2883-2892.
[10] 陈敏玲,张兵伟,任婷婷,等.内蒙古半干旱草原土壤水分对降水格局变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(7):658-668.
[11] 赵荣玮,张建军,李玉婷,等.晋西黄土区人工林地土壤水分特征及其对降雨的响应[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):178-183.
[12] 王佩,马琪顺,王家琪,等.温带草地蒸散发及波文比观测与比较:涡动相关及波文比系统[J].草地学报,2017,25(3):453-459.
[13] 刘晨峰,张志强,孙阁,等.基于涡度相关法和树干液流法评价杨树人工林生态系统蒸发散及其环境响应[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):706-718.
[14] 吴锦奎,陈军武,吴灏,等.疏勒河上游高寒草甸蒸散对比研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(1):97-103.
[15] 杨民益,杜阿朋,王彦辉.六盘山华北落叶松人工林地土壤水分动态研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(6):129-133.
[16] 邹文秀,韩晓增,王守宇,等.降水年型对黑土区土壤水分动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):138-142.
[17] 张川,陈洪松,聂云鹏,等.喀斯特地区洼地剖面土壤含水率的动态变化规律[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1225-1232.
[18] 王贝贝,王辉,刘宇龙,等.红壤丘陵区油茶林需水关键期土壤水分变化特征研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(1):32-35.
[19] 黄道友,王克林,黄敏,等.我国中亚热带典型红壤丘陵区季节性干旱[J].生态学报,2004,24(11):2516-2523.
[20] 罗紫东.洞庭湖流域部分常见树种的光合作用和水分利用研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2016.
[21] 刘娜,关华德,罗紫东,等.环境因子对洞庭湖流域三种树木蒸腾的影响[J].生态学志,2016,35(6):1460-1466.
[22] 罗紫东,关华德,章新平,等.亚热带樟树树干液流通量变化规律[J].热带地理,2016,36(4):658-665.
[23] 张娟,宋维峰,彭永刚,等.元阳梯田水源区林地土壤水分时空变异性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):49-53.
[24] 李衍青,张铜会,刘新平,等.科尔沁地区不同类型沙地土壤水分变化分析[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(3):31-35.
[25] 李卫,冯伟,杨文斌,等.流动沙丘水分深层入渗量与降雨的关系[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):779-786.
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