不同特点村庄撂荒耕地景观格局特征对比分析——以太行山区为例
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摘要
研究小尺度撂荒耕地景观格局有利于准确掌握撂荒耕地特征并进行空间格局调控,提高耕地利用率,为发展农村经济提供重要依据。利用ArcGIS 10.1及景观指数,采用农村土地承包经营权确权数据,对不同特点村庄的撂荒耕地从不同景观层次进行斑块特征及空间特征分析。结果表明,在斑块层次上,城边村和偏远村与工矿产业村、农产业村相比,大部分撂荒地块面积小,分布离散,但是各村形状都呈简单规则分布;与斑块层次相比,类型层次撂荒地块斑块面积较大、破碎程度较小,地块形状较复杂,聚集程度更大;在类型层次中,相同行政尺度下不同类型村庄撂荒耕地景观格局特征存在明显差异性,并针对不同特点的村庄提出有针对性的措施。
The purpose of this study is to accurately graspe the characteristics of abandoned farmland and regulate the spatial pattern, improve the utilization rate of cultivated farmland, which provides an important basis for the rural economy development of the small scale abandoned farmland landscape pattern. Using ArcGIS 10.1 and landscape index, the patch characteristics and spatial characteristics of abandoned farmland of different landscape levels in different characteristics villages are analyzed based on the data of rural land contractual management rights. The results show that compared with industrial and mineral industry villages and agricultural industry villages, most abandoned farmland in urban and remote villages have smaller area and dispersed distribution at the patch level,but the shape of each village is simple and regular distribution. Compared with the patch level, the patch area of abandoned farmland at the class level is larger, the fragmentation degree is smaller, the shape of the patch is more complex, and the degree of aggregation is larger. At the class level, there are obvious differences in the landscape pattern characteristics of different characteristics of villages under the same administrative scale, and targeted measures are proposed for villages with different characteristics.
The purpose of this study is to accurately graspe the characteristics of abandoned farmland and regulate the spatial pattern, improve the utilization rate of cultivated farmland, which provides an important basis for the rural economy development of the small scale abandoned farmland landscape pattern. Using ArcGIS 10.1 and landscape index, the patch characteristics and spatial characteristics of abandoned farmland of different landscape levels in different characteristics villages are analyzed based on the data of rural land contractual management rights. The results show that compared with industrial and mineral industry villages and agricultural industry villages, most abandoned farmland in urban and remote villages have smaller area and dispersed distribution at the patch level,but the shape of each village is simple and regular distribution. Compared with the patch level, the patch area of abandoned farmland at the class level is larger, the fragmentation degree is smaller, the shape of the patch is more complex, and the degree of aggregation is larger. At the class level, there are obvious differences in the landscape pattern characteristics of different characteristics of villages under the same administrative scale, and targeted measures are proposed for villages with different characteristics.
引文
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[23]傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观生态学原理及应用[M]. 2版.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[24]孙欣,毕如田,刘慧芳,等.贫困山区耕地细碎化对农户生计策略的影响:以左权县清漳河流域87个村为例[J].中国土地科学,2018,32(2):40-47.
[25]徐磊,黄炎和,范胜龙,等.中等时间尺度县级耕地景观格局变化研究:以福建省龙海市(县)为例[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(17):121-126.
[26]李秀珍,布仁仓,常禹,等.景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):123-134.
[27]潘洪义,朱晚秋,崔绿叶,等.耕地自然质量与景观指数耦合研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(8):1854-1859.
[28]牛继强,林昊,牛樱楠,等.经济欠发达地区撂荒耕地空间格局与驱动因素分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):141-149.
[29]闫洋洋,洪坚平,张娟.山西省和顺县土地利用景观格局特征及其破碎化分析[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1705-1709,1755.
[2]李升发,李秀彬.中国山区耕地利用边际化表现及其机理[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):803-817.
[3]李升发,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.中国山区耕地撂荒程度及空间分布:基于全国山区抽样调查结果[J].资源科学,2017,39(10):1801-1811.[[4]史铁丑,李秀彬.基于地块尺度的重庆山区耕地撂荒风险研究[J].山地学报,2017,35(4):543-555.
[5] ZHANG Y,LI X B,SONG W. Determinants of cropland abandonment at the parcel,household and village levels in mountain areas of China:A multi-level analysis[J]. Land Use Policy,2014,41(1):186-192.
[6] ALEXANDER V PRISHCHEPOV,DANIEL M譈LLER,MAXIM DUBININ,et al. Determinants of agricultural land abandonment in post-Soviet European Russia[J]. Land Use Policy,2013,30(1):873-884.
[7]史铁丑,李秀彬.欧洲耕地撂荒研究及对我国的启示[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(3):101-103.
[8]李赞红,阎建忠,花晓波,等.不同类型农户撂荒及其影响因素研究:以重庆市12个典型村为例[J].地理研究,2014,33(4):721-734.
[9]定光平,刘成武,黄利民.惠农政策下丘陵山区农地边际化的理论分析与实证:以湖北省通城县为例[J].地理研究,2009,28(1):109-117.
[10]雷锟,阎建忠,何威风.基于农户尺度的山区耕地撂荒影响因素分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(7):149-157.
[11]葛霖,高明,胡正峰,等.基于农户视角的山区耕地撂荒原因分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(4):42-46.
[12]鲁德银.耕地撂荒的调查与思考[J].农村经济,2002(4):14-16.
[13]谭术魁.农民为何撂荒耕地[J].中国土地科学,2001(5):34-38.
[14]王泽模,徐超,潘丽,等.耕地撂荒的深层次原因分析及对策[J].农业开发与装备,2016(6):89.
[15]李升发,李秀彬.耕地撂荒研究进展与展望[J].地理学报,2016,71(3):370-389.
[16]谭术魁.耕地撂荒程度描述、可持续性评判指标体系及其模式[J].中国土地科学,2003(6):3-8.
[17]雷浩.基于撂荒耕地特征值的撂荒风险评价研究[D].成都:四川师范大学,2016.
[18]薛春璐,郭琳,胡华浪,等.农地确权成果在耕地景观格局分析中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(20):242-249.
[19]申卫军,邬建国,任海,等.空间幅度变化对景观格局分析的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2219-2231.
[20]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M]. 2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007.
[21]王涛,张超. 1998-2014年阿克苏河流域耕地景观时空变化研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(2):171-178.
[22]彭文君,舒英格.喀斯特山区县域耕地景观生态安全及演变过程[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):852-865.
[23]傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观生态学原理及应用[M]. 2版.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[24]孙欣,毕如田,刘慧芳,等.贫困山区耕地细碎化对农户生计策略的影响:以左权县清漳河流域87个村为例[J].中国土地科学,2018,32(2):40-47.
[25]徐磊,黄炎和,范胜龙,等.中等时间尺度县级耕地景观格局变化研究:以福建省龙海市(县)为例[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(17):121-126.
[26]李秀珍,布仁仓,常禹,等.景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):123-134.
[27]潘洪义,朱晚秋,崔绿叶,等.耕地自然质量与景观指数耦合研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(8):1854-1859.
[28]牛继强,林昊,牛樱楠,等.经济欠发达地区撂荒耕地空间格局与驱动因素分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(2):141-149.
[29]闫洋洋,洪坚平,张娟.山西省和顺县土地利用景观格局特征及其破碎化分析[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1705-1709,1755.
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