簕杜鹃花芽分化解剖与形态学研究
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摘要
以1年生扦插苗‘同安红’簕杜鹃为研究材料,采用常规的石蜡切片法制作花芽的永久性切片,通过光学显微镜观察探究其花芽分化进程,分析其花芽分化特性;同时观察芽体的外部形态特征,记录并分析其形态变化规律,建立外部形态及内部解剖结构之间的相关性。结果表明:‘同安红’花芽分化起始于8月上旬,至9月初结束,10月中下旬达到盛花期;簕杜鹃花芽分化过程可分为未分化期、花序原基形成期、苞片原基形成期、小花原基形成期、萼片原基形成期、花瓣原基形成期、雌雄蕊原基形成期8个时期;花芽分化前期芽体瘦小,外部形态变化不明显,从外观上很难直接判断分化进程,后期分化速度加快,表现出明显的伸长与变宽;簕杜鹃花芽为腋生纯花芽,不同分化阶段之间存在一定的交叉现象,不断地分化发育为完整的复伞形花序。因此,簕杜鹃的花芽分化维持1个月左右,大约经历8个时期,分化前期外观形态变化不明显,不能直观反映其内部的结构变化,后期分化速度加快,芽体变化明显,能够从芽体的外部形态判断花芽分化进程。
Use annual cuttings Bougainvillea spectabilis ‘Crimelake' as the experimental material, makes permanent slices by means of conventional paraffin method, research of the flower bud differentiation process by the microscopic observation; The correlation between them is established by observe the external morphology, record and analysis the change rule of bud at the same time. The results show that the flower bud differentiation of B. spectabilis stared at the early of August, and ended at the beginning of September, until mid to late October reaches into the full-bloom stage; B. spectabilis flower bud differentiation process can be divided into 8 periods:vegetative growth, formative stage of inflorescence primordium, formative stage of bract primordium, formative stage of floret primordium, formative stage of sepal primordium, formative stage of petal primordium, formative stage of stamen and pistil primordium; It is difficult to judge the differentiation process from the appearance, as the flower bud changes is not obvious and small in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, and the later differentiation speed is accelerate, showing the apparent elongation and swelling; The flower bud of B. spectabilis is axillary pure bud, there is a certain crossover between different differentiation stages, and continuous differentiation develops into complete umbellate inflorescence. In conclusion, the flower bud differentiation maintains 1 month, about 8 stages, the external morphological change is not obvious at the prophase of flower bud differentiation, can't intuitive reflect its internal structure change, the differentiation speed is accelerate, and change obviously, can intuitively judge the flower bud differentiation process from the external form.
Use annual cuttings Bougainvillea spectabilis ‘Crimelake' as the experimental material, makes permanent slices by means of conventional paraffin method, research of the flower bud differentiation process by the microscopic observation; The correlation between them is established by observe the external morphology, record and analysis the change rule of bud at the same time. The results show that the flower bud differentiation of B. spectabilis stared at the early of August, and ended at the beginning of September, until mid to late October reaches into the full-bloom stage; B. spectabilis flower bud differentiation process can be divided into 8 periods:vegetative growth, formative stage of inflorescence primordium, formative stage of bract primordium, formative stage of floret primordium, formative stage of sepal primordium, formative stage of petal primordium, formative stage of stamen and pistil primordium; It is difficult to judge the differentiation process from the appearance, as the flower bud changes is not obvious and small in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, and the later differentiation speed is accelerate, showing the apparent elongation and swelling; The flower bud of B. spectabilis is axillary pure bud, there is a certain crossover between different differentiation stages, and continuous differentiation develops into complete umbellate inflorescence. In conclusion, the flower bud differentiation maintains 1 month, about 8 stages, the external morphological change is not obvious at the prophase of flower bud differentiation, can't intuitive reflect its internal structure change, the differentiation speed is accelerate, and change obviously, can intuitively judge the flower bud differentiation process from the external form.
引文
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[13]王琴,陈金涛,叶建飞,等.‘地平线’天竺葵的花芽分化及光周期特性[J].园艺学报,2013,40(4):773-781.
[14]徐桂香,廖康,赵世荣,等.紫杏花芽形态分化特性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(4):604-609.
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[16]施雁飞,游新才,张逸,等.茶树花芽分化解剖与形态学研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(2):70-73.
[17]韩明慧,彭方仁,邓秋菊,等.薄壳山核桃雌雄花芽分化外部形态与内部结构的关系[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(6):1-7.
[18]王彩云,高莉萍,鲁涤非,等.‘厚瓣金桂’桂花花芽形态分化的研究[J].园艺学报,2002,29(1):52-56.
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[20]孙建云,王庆亚,黄清渊.李花芽形态分化的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(3):413-416.
[21]杨娜,郭维明,陈发棣,等.光周期对秋菊品种‘神马’花芽分化和开花的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(4):965-972.
[22]李风童,陈素梅,陈发棣,等.托桂花型菊花花发育的组织结构观察[J].园艺学报,2010,37(12):1961-1968.
[23]刘海龙,宗敏,宣子灿,等.‘早银桂’与‘小叶苏桂’桂花花芽形态分化的比较[J].园艺学报,2007,34(6):1559-1562.
[24]张波,秦垦,何昕孺,等.木本植物花芽分化研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(22):4224-4226.
[25]莫长明,涂冬萍,黄杰,等.罗汉果花芽分化过程中形态及其激素水平变化特征[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):98-106.
[26]祁宏英,姚美玲,徐洪国.龙葵花芽分化形态解剖学研究[J].北方园艺,2017(9):135-138.
[27]贺丹,高小峰,吕博雅,等.牡丹、芍药花芽分化的形态学研究[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(12):117-120,124.
[28]武文琪,沈强,吴艳涛,等.荷兰水仙鳞茎花芽分化与开花调节[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2007(5):445-454.
[29]杨义标,邵志芳,邱少松,等.勒杜鹃花芽分化过程中内源激素含量和碳氮营养的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(2):281-284.
[2]司戊旺.叶子花幼株不耐碱[J].中国花卉盆景,2005(3):23.
[3]Heuer S,Richter S,Metezger J W,et al.Betacyanins from bracts of Bougainvillea glabra[J].Phytochemistry,1994,37(3):761-767.
[4]马月萍,戴思兰.植物花芽分化机理研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2003,1(4):539-545.
[5]Yamasaki S,Fujii N,Takahashi H.Characterization of ethylene effects on sex determination in cucumber plants[J].Sexual Plant Reproduction,2003,16(3):103-111.
[6]汪晓谦,张延龙,牛立新,等.陕西杨凌地区郁金香花芽分化的形态观察[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(11):136-159.
[7]杨柳燕,张永春,汤庚国,等.彩色马蹄莲花芽分化过程的光学显微观察[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2012,30(6):14-17.
[8]黄凤兰,牛红云,孟凡娟,等.芍药花芽分化过程的显微研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(3):57-61.
[9]黄雁婷.簕杜鹃品种优选与栽培技术研究[J].安徽农学通报,2010,16(14):166-171.
[10]任怀富,李天忠.盆栽叶子花规模化矮化促成生产技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(3):249-251.
[11]Lopez H A,Galetto L.Flower structure and reproductive biology of Bougainvillea stipitata(Nyctaginaceae)[J].Plant Biology,2002,4(4):508-514.
[12]段国禄,施江.植物制片、标本制作和植物鉴定[M].北京:气象出版社,2008.
[13]王琴,陈金涛,叶建飞,等.‘地平线’天竺葵的花芽分化及光周期特性[J].园艺学报,2013,40(4):773-781.
[14]徐桂香,廖康,赵世荣,等.紫杏花芽形态分化特性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(4):604-609.
[15]李辛雷,孙振元,李纪元,等.杜鹃红山茶花芽分化及其代谢产物的变化[J].林业科学,2012,48(8):81-86.
[16]施雁飞,游新才,张逸,等.茶树花芽分化解剖与形态学研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(2):70-73.
[17]韩明慧,彭方仁,邓秋菊,等.薄壳山核桃雌雄花芽分化外部形态与内部结构的关系[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(6):1-7.
[18]王彩云,高莉萍,鲁涤非,等.‘厚瓣金桂’桂花花芽形态分化的研究[J].园艺学报,2002,29(1):52-56.
[19]Sedgley M,Griffin A R.Sexual reproduction of tree crops[M].London:Academic Press,1989:28.
[20]孙建云,王庆亚,黄清渊.李花芽形态分化的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(3):413-416.
[21]杨娜,郭维明,陈发棣,等.光周期对秋菊品种‘神马’花芽分化和开花的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(4):965-972.
[22]李风童,陈素梅,陈发棣,等.托桂花型菊花花发育的组织结构观察[J].园艺学报,2010,37(12):1961-1968.
[23]刘海龙,宗敏,宣子灿,等.‘早银桂’与‘小叶苏桂’桂花花芽形态分化的比较[J].园艺学报,2007,34(6):1559-1562.
[24]张波,秦垦,何昕孺,等.木本植物花芽分化研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(22):4224-4226.
[25]莫长明,涂冬萍,黄杰,等.罗汉果花芽分化过程中形态及其激素水平变化特征[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):98-106.
[26]祁宏英,姚美玲,徐洪国.龙葵花芽分化形态解剖学研究[J].北方园艺,2017(9):135-138.
[27]贺丹,高小峰,吕博雅,等.牡丹、芍药花芽分化的形态学研究[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(12):117-120,124.
[28]武文琪,沈强,吴艳涛,等.荷兰水仙鳞茎花芽分化与开花调节[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2007(5):445-454.
[29]杨义标,邵志芳,邱少松,等.勒杜鹃花芽分化过程中内源激素含量和碳氮营养的变化研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(2):281-284.
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