生物炭、沸石与膨润土混施对玉米生长和吸收Cd、Pb、Zn的影响研究
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摘要
矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染严重威胁着粮食安全,利用原位钝化修复技术,在农业生产的同时进行重金属污染农田土壤治理,收获符合卫生标准的农产品,具有重要的现实意义。选取生物炭、沸石粉和膨润土3种钝化剂开展田间试验,研究不同用量钝化剂单施及混施对玉米(Zea mays L.)生长、玉米籽粒吸收Cd、Pb、Zn与土壤有效态Cd、Pb、Zn等的影响,旨在为Cd-Zn复合污染农田安全生产和阻控提供数据支持。结果表明:单施及混施不同用量钝化剂均能促进玉米株高、叶面积和生物量增加,显著提高玉米产量(P<0.05),钝化剂处理较对照CK增产3.41%-31.69%。不同钝化剂处理可提高土壤pH值和有机质含量,明显降低土壤中的有效态Cd、Pb、Zn含量,与CK相比,单施及混施不同用量钝化剂导致土壤有效态Cd、Pb、Zn分别降低23.02%-45.24%、4.86%-21.46%、16.38%-32.60%,其中5%SFP(5%生物炭+5%沸石粉+5%膨润土)处理降低效果最显著,2%SFP处理次之;单施及混施不同用量钝化剂都能降低玉米籽粒对Cd、Pb、Zn的吸收,其中5%SFP处理能明显降低玉米籽粒中Cd、Pb、Zn含量,较CK分别降低68.18%,39.49%,31.83%。综合表明,在原位钝化修复Cd-Zn复合污染农田土壤时,钝化剂混合施用的效果好于单施,以5%SFP混合施用的效果最佳。
Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soil around mine areas is threatening food security seriously. It has important practical implications to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals and harvest agricultural products met hygineic criterion at the same time in situ passivation and repair technique. Field experiments were conducted with biochar, zeolite and bentonite to investigate the effect of singled and mixed application of different amendments on maize growth and cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb) and zinc(Zn) uptake by maize kernels and the contents of available Cd, Pb and Zn in soil, so as to provide statistic data for safe agricultural production on Cd-Zn composite polluted farmland. The results showed that singled and mixed application of amendments could increase plant height, leaf area as well as biomass. The yield of maize was also significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared to the control treatment, all amendments treatment increased the yield of maize by 3.41%-31.69%. Different amendments treatment could increase soil pH values and organic matter content, and significantly reduce the contents of available Cd, Pb and Zn in soil. Compared to the control treatment, singled and mixed applying different amendments led to a decrease of available Cd content in soil by 23.02%-45.24%, available Pb by 4.86%-21.46%, and available Zn by 16.38%-32.60%. Additions of 5% SFP(5%biochar+5% zeolite+5% bentonite)was the most available treatments to decrease the available content of heavy metals in soil, and 2% SFP(2%biochar+2% zeolite+2%bentonite) was ranked to be the second. At the same time, singled and mixed applying of different amendments could all reduce Cd, Pb and Zn uptake by maize kernels. Compared to the control treatment, the application of 5%SFP reduced the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in maize kernels by 68.18%, 39.49% and 31.83% respectively. The results in this study demonstrat that the effect of mixed application is better than that of singled application, and the 5%SFP mixed application is the best functional amendments for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil of Cd-Zn.
Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soil around mine areas is threatening food security seriously. It has important practical implications to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals and harvest agricultural products met hygineic criterion at the same time in situ passivation and repair technique. Field experiments were conducted with biochar, zeolite and bentonite to investigate the effect of singled and mixed application of different amendments on maize growth and cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb) and zinc(Zn) uptake by maize kernels and the contents of available Cd, Pb and Zn in soil, so as to provide statistic data for safe agricultural production on Cd-Zn composite polluted farmland. The results showed that singled and mixed application of amendments could increase plant height, leaf area as well as biomass. The yield of maize was also significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared to the control treatment, all amendments treatment increased the yield of maize by 3.41%-31.69%. Different amendments treatment could increase soil pH values and organic matter content, and significantly reduce the contents of available Cd, Pb and Zn in soil. Compared to the control treatment, singled and mixed applying different amendments led to a decrease of available Cd content in soil by 23.02%-45.24%, available Pb by 4.86%-21.46%, and available Zn by 16.38%-32.60%. Additions of 5% SFP(5%biochar+5% zeolite+5% bentonite)was the most available treatments to decrease the available content of heavy metals in soil, and 2% SFP(2%biochar+2% zeolite+2%bentonite) was ranked to be the second. At the same time, singled and mixed applying of different amendments could all reduce Cd, Pb and Zn uptake by maize kernels. Compared to the control treatment, the application of 5%SFP reduced the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in maize kernels by 68.18%, 39.49% and 31.83% respectively. The results in this study demonstrat that the effect of mixed application is better than that of singled application, and the 5%SFP mixed application is the best functional amendments for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil of Cd-Zn.
引文
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CASTALDI P,SANTONA L,ENZO S,et al.,2008.Sorption processes and XRD analysis of a natural zeolite exchanged with Pb2+,Cd2+,and Zn2+,cations[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,156(1-3):428-434.
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MISHRA T,PARIDA K,1998.A comparative study of texrural,acidic and catalyties of chromia pillared montmorillonite and acid activated montmorillonite[J].Applied Catalsis A:General,166:123-133.
Rees F,GERMAIN C,STERCKEMAN T,et al.,2015.Plant growth and metal uptake by a non-hyperaccumulating species(Lolium perenne)and a Cd-Zn hyperaccumulator(Noccaea caerulescens)in contaminated soils amended with biochar[J].Plant&Soil,395(1-2):57-73.
SHARMA R K,AGRAWAL M,MARSHALL F,2007.Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi,India[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,66(2):258-266.
SUN Y B,LI Y,XU Y M,et al.,2015a.In situ,stabilization remediation of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)co-contaminated paddy soil using bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,105-106:200-206.
SUN Y B,SUN G H,XU Y M,et al.,2015b.Evaluation of the effectiveness of sepiolite,bentonite,and phosphate amendments on the stabilization remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Management,166(4-6):204-210.
WANG H Y,GAO B,WANG S S,et al.,2015.Removal of Pb(II),Cu(II),and Cd(II)from aqueous solutions by biochar derived from KMnO4treated hickory wood[J].Bioresour Technol,197:356-362.
WU X,HU Z Q,LI J,et al.,2011.A study of land reclamation and ecological restoration in a resource-exhausted city a case study of Huaibei in China[J].International Journal of Surface Mining Reclamation&Environment,25(4):332-341.
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丁凌云,蓝崇钰,林建平,等,2006.不同改良剂对重金属污染农田水稻产量和重金属吸收的影响[J].生态环境,15(6):1204-1208.DING L Y,LAN C Y,LIN J P,et al.,2016.Effects of different ameliorations on rice production and heavy metals uptake by rice grown on soil contaminated by heavy metals[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,15(6):1204-1208.
杜彩艳,段宗颜,曾民,等,2015.田间条件下不同组配钝化剂对玉米(Zeamays)吸收Cd、As和Pb影响研究[J].生态环境学报,24(10):1731-1738.DU C Y,DUAN Z Y,ZENG M,et al.,2015.Effects of different combined amendments on cadmium,arsenic and lead absorption of maize under field conditions[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(10):1731-1738.
杜彩艳,木霖,王红华,等,2016.不同钝化剂及其组合对玉米(Zea mays)生长和吸收Pb,Cd,As,Zn影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,35(8):1515-1522.DU C Y,MU L,WANG H H,et al.,2016.Effects of different amendments on growth and Pb,Cd,As,Zn uptake by Zea mays[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,35(8):1515-1522.
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李衍亮,黄玉芬,魏岚,等,2017.施用生物炭对重金属污染农田土壤改良及玉米生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,36(11):2233-2239.LI Y L,HUANG Y F,WEI L,et al.,2017.Impacts of biochar application on amelioration of heavy metal-polluted soil and maize growth[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,36(11):2233-2239.
鲁如坤,1999.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社:12-15,211-214.LU R K,1999.Analysis methods of soil agricultural chemistry[M].Beijing Chinese Agricultural Science Press,12-15,211-214.
罗惠莉,王宇霖,周思,等,2018.生物炭基调理剂对水稻镉吸收的影响[J].环境工程学报,12(4):1190-1197.LUO H L,WANG Y L,ZHOU S,et al.,2018.Effect on absorption of Cd in rice applying biochar-based conditioner[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,12(4):1190-1197.
宋正国,唐世荣,丁永祯,等,2011.田间条件下不同钝化材料对玉米吸收镉的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,30(11):2152-2159.SONG Z G,TANG S R,DING Y Z,et al.,2015.Effects of different amendments on cadmium uptake by maize under field conditions[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,30(11):2152-2159.
孙洪欣,赵全利,薛培英,等,2015.不同夏玉米品种对镉、铅积累与转运的差异性田间研究[J].生态环境学报,24(12):2068-2074.SUN H X,ZHAO Q L,XUE P Y,et al.,2015.Variety difference of cadmium and lead accumulation and translocation in summer maize[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(12):2068-2074.
吴岩,杜立宇,梁成华,等,2018.生物炭与沸石混施对不同污染土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,32(1):286-290.WU Y,DU L Y,LING C H,et al.,2018.Influence of fixed addition of ibiochar and natural zeolite on the fraction transform of cadmium in different contaminated soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,32(1):286-290.
徐峰,黄益宗,蔡立群,等,2013.不同改良剂处理对玉米生长和重金属累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,3(3):463-470.XU F,HUANG Y Z,CAI L Q,et al.,2013.Effects of different amendments on corn growth and accumulation of heavy metals[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,3(3):463-470.
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AHMAD M,RAJAPAKSHA A U,LIM J E,et al.,2014.Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water:A review[J].Chemosphere,99(3):19-33.
CASTALDI P,SANTONA L,ENZO S,et al.,2008.Sorption processes and XRD analysis of a natural zeolite exchanged with Pb2+,Cd2+,and Zn2+,cations[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,156(1-3):428-434.
LI H B,DONG X L,SILVA E B D,et al.,2017.Mechanisms of metal sorption by biochars:Biochar characteristics and modifications[J].Chemosphere,178:466-478.
LI H,SHI W Y,SHAO H B,et al.,2009.The remediation of the lead-polluted garden soil by natural zeolite[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,169(1):1106-1111.
MISHRA T,PARIDA K,1998.A comparative study of texrural,acidic and catalyties of chromia pillared montmorillonite and acid activated montmorillonite[J].Applied Catalsis A:General,166:123-133.
Rees F,GERMAIN C,STERCKEMAN T,et al.,2015.Plant growth and metal uptake by a non-hyperaccumulating species(Lolium perenne)and a Cd-Zn hyperaccumulator(Noccaea caerulescens)in contaminated soils amended with biochar[J].Plant&Soil,395(1-2):57-73.
SHARMA R K,AGRAWAL M,MARSHALL F,2007.Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi,India[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,66(2):258-266.
SUN Y B,LI Y,XU Y M,et al.,2015a.In situ,stabilization remediation of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)co-contaminated paddy soil using bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,105-106:200-206.
SUN Y B,SUN G H,XU Y M,et al.,2015b.Evaluation of the effectiveness of sepiolite,bentonite,and phosphate amendments on the stabilization remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Management,166(4-6):204-210.
WANG H Y,GAO B,WANG S S,et al.,2015.Removal of Pb(II),Cu(II),and Cd(II)from aqueous solutions by biochar derived from KMnO4treated hickory wood[J].Bioresour Technol,197:356-362.
WU X,HU Z Q,LI J,et al.,2011.A study of land reclamation and ecological restoration in a resource-exhausted city a case study of Huaibei in China[J].International Journal of Surface Mining Reclamation&Environment,25(4):332-341.
代全林,袁剑刚,方炜,等,2005.玉米各器官积累Pb能力的品种间差异[J].植物生态学报,29(6):992-999.DAI Q L,YUAN J G,FANG W,et al.,2005.Differences of Pb accumulation among plant tissues of 25 zea mays varieties[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,29(6):992-999.
丁凌云,蓝崇钰,林建平,等,2006.不同改良剂对重金属污染农田水稻产量和重金属吸收的影响[J].生态环境,15(6):1204-1208.DING L Y,LAN C Y,LIN J P,et al.,2016.Effects of different ameliorations on rice production and heavy metals uptake by rice grown on soil contaminated by heavy metals[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,15(6):1204-1208.
杜彩艳,段宗颜,曾民,等,2015.田间条件下不同组配钝化剂对玉米(Zeamays)吸收Cd、As和Pb影响研究[J].生态环境学报,24(10):1731-1738.DU C Y,DUAN Z Y,ZENG M,et al.,2015.Effects of different combined amendments on cadmium,arsenic and lead absorption of maize under field conditions[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(10):1731-1738.
杜彩艳,木霖,王红华,等,2016.不同钝化剂及其组合对玉米(Zea mays)生长和吸收Pb,Cd,As,Zn影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,35(8):1515-1522.DU C Y,MU L,WANG H H,et al.,2016.Effects of different amendments on growth and Pb,Cd,As,Zn uptake by Zea mays[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,35(8):1515-1522.
国家环境保护局科技标准司,1995.GB15616-1995,土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社:2-3.Department of Scientific and Technical Standards,State Environmental Protection Agency,1995.GB15616?1995,Soil environmental quality standard:[S].Beijing:China Standard Press:2-3.
国家卫生部,2012.GB 2762-2012,食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].北京:中国标准出版社.National Ministry of Health,2012.GB 2762?2012,Food safety national standard food contamination limit[S].Beijing:China Standard Pres.
国家质量监督检验检疫总局,2001.GB 13708-2001,饲料卫生标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社.General Administration of quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine,2001.GB 13708?2001,Feed hygienic standard[S].Beijing:China Standard Press.
郝秀珍,周东美,2003.沸石在土壤改良中的应用研究进展[J].土壤,35(2):103-106.HAO X Z,ZHOU D M,2003.Zeolite Application as soil Amendment[J].Soil,35(2):103-106.
胡红青,黄益宗,黄巧云,等,2017.农田土壤重金属污染化学钝化修复研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(6):1676-1685.HU H Q,HUANG Y Z,HUANG Q Y,et al.,2017.Research progress of heavy metals chemical immobilization in farm land[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,23(6):1676-1685.
李明遥,张妍,杜立宇,等,2014.生物炭与沸石混施对土壤Cd形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,28(3):248-252.LI M Y,ZHANG Y,DU L Y,et al.,2014.Influnence of biochar and zeolite on the fraction transform of cadmium in contaminated soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,28(3):248-252.
李衍亮,黄玉芬,魏岚,等,2017.施用生物炭对重金属污染农田土壤改良及玉米生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,36(11):2233-2239.LI Y L,HUANG Y F,WEI L,et al.,2017.Impacts of biochar application on amelioration of heavy metal-polluted soil and maize growth[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,36(11):2233-2239.
鲁如坤,1999.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社:12-15,211-214.LU R K,1999.Analysis methods of soil agricultural chemistry[M].Beijing Chinese Agricultural Science Press,12-15,211-214.
罗惠莉,王宇霖,周思,等,2018.生物炭基调理剂对水稻镉吸收的影响[J].环境工程学报,12(4):1190-1197.LUO H L,WANG Y L,ZHOU S,et al.,2018.Effect on absorption of Cd in rice applying biochar-based conditioner[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,12(4):1190-1197.
宋正国,唐世荣,丁永祯,等,2011.田间条件下不同钝化材料对玉米吸收镉的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,30(11):2152-2159.SONG Z G,TANG S R,DING Y Z,et al.,2015.Effects of different amendments on cadmium uptake by maize under field conditions[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,30(11):2152-2159.
孙洪欣,赵全利,薛培英,等,2015.不同夏玉米品种对镉、铅积累与转运的差异性田间研究[J].生态环境学报,24(12):2068-2074.SUN H X,ZHAO Q L,XUE P Y,et al.,2015.Variety difference of cadmium and lead accumulation and translocation in summer maize[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(12):2068-2074.
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