新疆碾压式沥青混凝土心墙坝筑坝技术进展
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摘要
鉴于已建碾压式沥青心墙土石坝工程系统监测资料较少,而部分工程运行过程中已暴露出一些问题,如坝体与基础变形对沥青心墙的安全性影响,大坝渗流与渗漏以及沥青心墙施工缺陷等,因此及时进行工程建设经验和设计技术经验总结非常必要。根据新疆近30年来土石坝中碾压式沥青混凝土心墙坝建设特点及发展趋势,新疆"高严寒、高海拔、高地震、深厚覆盖层、多泥沙"的特殊环境及水文地质条件,梳理了碾压式沥青混凝土心墙坝的筑坝技术与应用进展,对坝体结构分区、心墙力学性能与耐久性、砾石骨料应用、低温季节施工与层间结合技术、深厚覆盖层防渗处理技术等问题进行阐述,总结筑坝技术已取得的成就,提出未来技术发展展望及下一步需要研究的问题。实践表明,在新疆山区苛刻的自然环境条件下,百米级以上的沥青心墙坝是安全的,只要认真总结经验、精心设计、精心施工,未来突破150 m是完全有可能的。
Considering that the systematic monitoring data for existing roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall dams is insufficient and some problems have been exposed for several projects during operating,such as the impacts of deformation of dam body and foundation on the safety of asphalt core wall,seepage and leakage,construction defects and so on,it is very necessary to summarize the experience of the engineering construction and design techniques for roller compacted asphalt concrete dams in time. According to the characteristics and development of roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall dams among earth and rockfill dams in Xinjiang for nearly 30 years,combined with the special environment and hydrogeological conditions of "severe freezing,high altitude,high earthquake intensity,deep overburden,and excessive sediment",the construction technologies and applications of asphalt concrete core wall dams are summarized. Structural partitioning of the dam body,mechanical properties and durability of the core wall,application of the gravel aggregate,techniques of construction during cold weather and interlayer bonding,and techniques of seepage prevention treatment of deep overburden are reviewed. The achievements of dam construction are summarized and the technical development in the future as well as the problems for further study are proposed. Practice shows that asphalt concrete core wall dams of 100 m are safe in the severe natural environmental conditions in Xinjiang and it is absolutely possible to break through 150 m in the future with carefully summarized experience,elaborate design and meticulous construction.
Considering that the systematic monitoring data for existing roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall dams is insufficient and some problems have been exposed for several projects during operating,such as the impacts of deformation of dam body and foundation on the safety of asphalt core wall,seepage and leakage,construction defects and so on,it is very necessary to summarize the experience of the engineering construction and design techniques for roller compacted asphalt concrete dams in time. According to the characteristics and development of roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall dams among earth and rockfill dams in Xinjiang for nearly 30 years,combined with the special environment and hydrogeological conditions of "severe freezing,high altitude,high earthquake intensity,deep overburden,and excessive sediment",the construction technologies and applications of asphalt concrete core wall dams are summarized. Structural partitioning of the dam body,mechanical properties and durability of the core wall,application of the gravel aggregate,techniques of construction during cold weather and interlayer bonding,and techniques of seepage prevention treatment of deep overburden are reviewed. The achievements of dam construction are summarized and the technical development in the future as well as the problems for further study are proposed. Practice shows that asphalt concrete core wall dams of 100 m are safe in the severe natural environmental conditions in Xinjiang and it is absolutely possible to break through 150 m in the future with carefully summarized experience,elaborate design and meticulous construction.
引文
[1]邓铭江,于海鸣.新疆坝工建设[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[2]李江,黄华新,柳莹.大河沿水库坝基深厚覆盖层防渗形式研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程:面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:395-404.
[3]邓铭江,李湘权,李江,等.定居兴牧水源工程及技术支撑[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015.
[4]岳跃真,郝巨涛.水工沥青混凝土防渗技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[5]高国英,聂晓红,龙海英.近期新疆震源机制解与地震活动特性研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(1):57-63.(GAO Guoying,NIE Xiaohong,LONG Haiying.Study of Xinjiang Earthquake origin mechanism and seismic activity characteristic cecently[J].Northwest Earthquake Journal,2012,34(1):57-63.(in Chinese))
[6]宋和平.论新疆深大断裂特征与地震的关系(3)[J].内陆地震,2006,20(3):198-210.(SONG Heping.Expound the Relation of Xinjiang Huge Fracture Characteristic with Earthquake(3)[J].Inland Earthquake,2006,20(3):198-210.(in Chinese))
[7]覃新闻,黄小宁,彭立新,等.沥青混凝土心墙坝设计与施工[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[8]姚机栋,巴合提瓦尔·马苏尔.沥青混凝土心墙坝在高地震烈度、高寒地区的建设综述[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(10):54-57.(YAO Jidong,PARHARTIVOR M.Summary of asphaltic concrete core wall dam construction in hard seismic intensity and high cold region[J].Water and Hydropower Technology,2012,43(10):54-57.(in Chinese))
[9]党林才,刘荣丽,王仁坤.利用覆盖层建坝的实践与发展[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[10]朱晟,林道通,胡永胜,等.超深覆盖层沥青混凝土心墙坝坝基防渗方案研究[J].水力发电,2011,37(10):31-34.(ZHU Sheng,LIN Daotong,HU Yongsheng,et al.Study for dam base seepage control plan of asphaltic concrete core wall dam with extra thick cover[J].Hydropower,2011,37(10):31-34.(in Chinese))
[11]丁树云,毕庆涛.深厚覆盖层上沥青混凝土心墙土石坝的应力变形特征[J].水力发电,2011,37(4),43-46.(DING Shuyun,BI Qingtao.Stress deformation characterization of asphaltic concrete core wall dam on thick overburden layer[J].Hydropower,2011,37(4):43-46.(in Chinese))
[12]郝巨涛.国内沥青混凝土防渗技术发展中的重要问题[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1213-1219.(HAO Jutao.Important problems for asphaltic concrete seepage control technology development internal[J].Jonrnal of Hydranlic Engineering,2008,39(10):1213-1219.(in Chinese))
[13]饶锡保,程展林,谭凡,等.碾压式沥青混凝土心墙工程特性研究现状与对策[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(10):51-57.(RAO Xibao,CHENG Zhanlin,TAN Fan,et al.Status and methods of rolled asphaltic concrete core wall project features study[J].Changjiang Academy of Sciences Journal,2014,31(10):51-57.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国水利部.SL501-2010土石坝沥青混凝土面板和心墙设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[15]张应波,王为标,兰晓.土石坝沥青混凝土心墙酸性砂砾石料的适应性研究[J].水利学报.2012,43(4):460-466.(ZHANG Yingbo,WANG Weibiao,LAN Xiao,et al.Adaptability study for acid sand-gravel aggregate used in earth-rock dam asphaltic concrete core wall[J].Jonrnal of Hydranlic Engineering,2012,43(4):460-466.(in Chinese))
[16]何建新,朱西超,杨海华.采用砾石骨料的心墙沥青混凝土水稳定性能试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(11):109-112.(HE Jianxin,ZHU Xichao,YANGHaihua,et al.Water stability experimental study for asphaltic concrete in gravel aggregate core wall[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower Journal,2014(11):109-112.(in Chinese))
[17]杨耀辉,宋建鹏,何建新,等.沥青混凝土水稳定性影响分析[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(6):495-499.(YANG Yaohui,SONG Jianpeng,HE Jianxin,et al.Water stability influence analysis for asphaltic concrete[J].Xinjiang Agriculture University Journal,2016,39(6):495-499.(in Chinese))
[18]长江科学院,新疆奴尔工程沥青混凝土心墙应用天然砂砾石试验报告[R].武汉:长江科学院,2016.
[19]何建新,伦聚斌,杨武.碾压式沥青混凝土越冬层面结合工艺研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(11):48-51.(HE Jianxin,LUN Jubin,YANG Wu.Study for rolled asphaltic concrete bedding-plane binding process in winter[J].Water and Hydropower Technology,2016,47(11):48-51.(in Chinese))
[20]朱西超,何建新,凤炜.上层恒温下层变温浇筑时碾压沥青混凝土心墙结合面劈裂抗拉试验研究[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(6):77-80.(ZHU Xichao,HE Jianxin,FENG Wei.Slitting tensile test study for rolled asphaltic concrete binding-plane with casting upper temperature constant and lower temperature variation[J].Hydropower and Energy Science,2014,32(6):77-80.(in Chinese))
[21]李江,钟世华,柳莹.新疆尼雅水库坝型选择及高沥青心墙坝可行性研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程:面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:405-413.
[22]李江,李湘权.新疆特殊条件下面板堆石坝和沥青心墙坝设计施工技术进展[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):2-8.(LI Jiang,LI Xiangquan.Technical advances in design and construction of concrete face rock-fill dam and dam with asphalt concrete core-wall under special condition in Xinjiang[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(3):2-8.(in Chinese))
[23]何建新,杨武,杨耀辉,等.水泥填料对心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(4):59-62.(HE Jianxin,YANG Wu,YANG Yaohui,et al.Influence of cement filler on long-term water stability of core wall asphalt concrete[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(4):59-62.(in Chinese))
[24]LIU Sihong,WANG Liujiang,WANG Zijian,et al.Numerical stress-deformation analysis of a cut-off wall in clay-core rockfill dam on thick overburden[J].Water Science and Engineering,2016,9(3):219-226.
[25]CHEN Shengshui,FU Zhongzhi,WEI Kuangming,et al.Seismic responses of high concrete face rockfill dams:a case study[J].Water Science and Engineering,2016,9(3):195-204.
[2]李江,黄华新,柳莹.大河沿水库坝基深厚覆盖层防渗形式研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程:面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:395-404.
[3]邓铭江,李湘权,李江,等.定居兴牧水源工程及技术支撑[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015.
[4]岳跃真,郝巨涛.水工沥青混凝土防渗技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[5]高国英,聂晓红,龙海英.近期新疆震源机制解与地震活动特性研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(1):57-63.(GAO Guoying,NIE Xiaohong,LONG Haiying.Study of Xinjiang Earthquake origin mechanism and seismic activity characteristic cecently[J].Northwest Earthquake Journal,2012,34(1):57-63.(in Chinese))
[6]宋和平.论新疆深大断裂特征与地震的关系(3)[J].内陆地震,2006,20(3):198-210.(SONG Heping.Expound the Relation of Xinjiang Huge Fracture Characteristic with Earthquake(3)[J].Inland Earthquake,2006,20(3):198-210.(in Chinese))
[7]覃新闻,黄小宁,彭立新,等.沥青混凝土心墙坝设计与施工[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[8]姚机栋,巴合提瓦尔·马苏尔.沥青混凝土心墙坝在高地震烈度、高寒地区的建设综述[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(10):54-57.(YAO Jidong,PARHARTIVOR M.Summary of asphaltic concrete core wall dam construction in hard seismic intensity and high cold region[J].Water and Hydropower Technology,2012,43(10):54-57.(in Chinese))
[9]党林才,刘荣丽,王仁坤.利用覆盖层建坝的实践与发展[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[10]朱晟,林道通,胡永胜,等.超深覆盖层沥青混凝土心墙坝坝基防渗方案研究[J].水力发电,2011,37(10):31-34.(ZHU Sheng,LIN Daotong,HU Yongsheng,et al.Study for dam base seepage control plan of asphaltic concrete core wall dam with extra thick cover[J].Hydropower,2011,37(10):31-34.(in Chinese))
[11]丁树云,毕庆涛.深厚覆盖层上沥青混凝土心墙土石坝的应力变形特征[J].水力发电,2011,37(4),43-46.(DING Shuyun,BI Qingtao.Stress deformation characterization of asphaltic concrete core wall dam on thick overburden layer[J].Hydropower,2011,37(4):43-46.(in Chinese))
[12]郝巨涛.国内沥青混凝土防渗技术发展中的重要问题[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):1213-1219.(HAO Jutao.Important problems for asphaltic concrete seepage control technology development internal[J].Jonrnal of Hydranlic Engineering,2008,39(10):1213-1219.(in Chinese))
[13]饶锡保,程展林,谭凡,等.碾压式沥青混凝土心墙工程特性研究现状与对策[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(10):51-57.(RAO Xibao,CHENG Zhanlin,TAN Fan,et al.Status and methods of rolled asphaltic concrete core wall project features study[J].Changjiang Academy of Sciences Journal,2014,31(10):51-57.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国水利部.SL501-2010土石坝沥青混凝土面板和心墙设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[15]张应波,王为标,兰晓.土石坝沥青混凝土心墙酸性砂砾石料的适应性研究[J].水利学报.2012,43(4):460-466.(ZHANG Yingbo,WANG Weibiao,LAN Xiao,et al.Adaptability study for acid sand-gravel aggregate used in earth-rock dam asphaltic concrete core wall[J].Jonrnal of Hydranlic Engineering,2012,43(4):460-466.(in Chinese))
[16]何建新,朱西超,杨海华.采用砾石骨料的心墙沥青混凝土水稳定性能试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(11):109-112.(HE Jianxin,ZHU Xichao,YANGHaihua,et al.Water stability experimental study for asphaltic concrete in gravel aggregate core wall[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower Journal,2014(11):109-112.(in Chinese))
[17]杨耀辉,宋建鹏,何建新,等.沥青混凝土水稳定性影响分析[J].新疆农业大学学报,2016,39(6):495-499.(YANG Yaohui,SONG Jianpeng,HE Jianxin,et al.Water stability influence analysis for asphaltic concrete[J].Xinjiang Agriculture University Journal,2016,39(6):495-499.(in Chinese))
[18]长江科学院,新疆奴尔工程沥青混凝土心墙应用天然砂砾石试验报告[R].武汉:长江科学院,2016.
[19]何建新,伦聚斌,杨武.碾压式沥青混凝土越冬层面结合工艺研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(11):48-51.(HE Jianxin,LUN Jubin,YANG Wu.Study for rolled asphaltic concrete bedding-plane binding process in winter[J].Water and Hydropower Technology,2016,47(11):48-51.(in Chinese))
[20]朱西超,何建新,凤炜.上层恒温下层变温浇筑时碾压沥青混凝土心墙结合面劈裂抗拉试验研究[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(6):77-80.(ZHU Xichao,HE Jianxin,FENG Wei.Slitting tensile test study for rolled asphaltic concrete binding-plane with casting upper temperature constant and lower temperature variation[J].Hydropower and Energy Science,2014,32(6):77-80.(in Chinese))
[21]李江,钟世华,柳莹.新疆尼雅水库坝型选择及高沥青心墙坝可行性研究[C]//关志诚.土石坝工程:面板与沥青混凝土防渗技术论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2015:405-413.
[22]李江,李湘权.新疆特殊条件下面板堆石坝和沥青心墙坝设计施工技术进展[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(3):2-8.(LI Jiang,LI Xiangquan.Technical advances in design and construction of concrete face rock-fill dam and dam with asphalt concrete core-wall under special condition in Xinjiang[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(3):2-8.(in Chinese))
[23]何建新,杨武,杨耀辉,等.水泥填料对心墙沥青混凝土长期水稳定性的影响[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(4):59-62.(HE Jianxin,YANG Wu,YANG Yaohui,et al.Influence of cement filler on long-term water stability of core wall asphalt concrete[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(4):59-62.(in Chinese))
[24]LIU Sihong,WANG Liujiang,WANG Zijian,et al.Numerical stress-deformation analysis of a cut-off wall in clay-core rockfill dam on thick overburden[J].Water Science and Engineering,2016,9(3):219-226.
[25]CHEN Shengshui,FU Zhongzhi,WEI Kuangming,et al.Seismic responses of high concrete face rockfill dams:a case study[J].Water Science and Engineering,2016,9(3):195-204.
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