再生水灌溉红壤土水力传导度变化及其模拟分析
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摘要
【目的】研究南方地区再生水灌溉对红壤入渗特征的影响。【方法】以红壤为研究对象开展土柱模拟灌溉试验,采用再生水(RW)、稀释2倍再生水(RW-2)、稀释4倍再生水(RW-4)、稀释6倍再生水(RW-6)进行干湿交替灌溉,以蒸馏水灌溉(CK)为对照组。利用便携式入渗计进行入渗率测定,采用压力膜仪法测定土壤水分特征曲线。【结果】再生水灌溉后,土壤水力传导度(K)减小显著(P<0.05),各处理的水力传导度分别是CK的12%(RW)、17%(RW-2)、20%(RW-4)、44%(RW-6);同一吸力下,RW和RW-2处理土壤水分的吸持能力高于CK,RW-4和RW-6处理土壤水分的吸持能力小于CK;水力传导度与形状系数n极显著正相关(P<0.01),与再生水稀释倍数和残余含水率θr显著正相关(P<0.05)。【结论】再生水灌溉会降低土壤的导水特性,一定浓度再生水可增加土壤持水性,通过稀释再生水可改善土壤的孔隙结构。
【Objective】Soil hydraulic properties are affected by many physical and biological factors and this paper presents the results of a study on the change in hydraulic conductivity of red soil irrigated with reclaimed wastewater in subtropical region in southern China.【Method】The red soil was packed into columns, and each column was then irrigated with reclaimed wastewater(RW), and diluted reclaimed wastewater at 2∶1 ratio(RW-2), 4∶1 ratio(RW-4) and 6∶1 ratio(RW-6), respectively. The control was freshwater irrigation(CK). The infiltration rate in each soil column was determined using the Mini Disk Infiltrometer, and the soil water characteristic curve was measured using the pressure plate apparatus.【Result】Compared to CK, irrigation with reclaimed and diluted reclaimed wastewater reduced soil hydraulic conductivity(P<0.05) by 12%(RW), 17%(RW-2), 20%(RW-4), and 44%(RW-6). Compared to CK, RW and RW-2 increased capacity of the soil to hold water, while RW-4 and RW-6 reduced the ability of the soil to hold water. Analysis indicated that the hydraulic conductivity was positively correlated with the van Genuchten parameters n and the residual water content θr(P<0.01), as well as the dilution level(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Irrigation with reclaimed water reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the red soil but its effect on the ability of soil to hold water depended on the dilution level, indicating that the soil pore structure can be manipulated by changing dilution level of the reclaimed water.
【Objective】Soil hydraulic properties are affected by many physical and biological factors and this paper presents the results of a study on the change in hydraulic conductivity of red soil irrigated with reclaimed wastewater in subtropical region in southern China.【Method】The red soil was packed into columns, and each column was then irrigated with reclaimed wastewater(RW), and diluted reclaimed wastewater at 2∶1 ratio(RW-2), 4∶1 ratio(RW-4) and 6∶1 ratio(RW-6), respectively. The control was freshwater irrigation(CK). The infiltration rate in each soil column was determined using the Mini Disk Infiltrometer, and the soil water characteristic curve was measured using the pressure plate apparatus.【Result】Compared to CK, irrigation with reclaimed and diluted reclaimed wastewater reduced soil hydraulic conductivity(P<0.05) by 12%(RW), 17%(RW-2), 20%(RW-4), and 44%(RW-6). Compared to CK, RW and RW-2 increased capacity of the soil to hold water, while RW-4 and RW-6 reduced the ability of the soil to hold water. Analysis indicated that the hydraulic conductivity was positively correlated with the van Genuchten parameters n and the residual water content θr(P<0.01), as well as the dilution level(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Irrigation with reclaimed water reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the red soil but its effect on the ability of soil to hold water depended on the dilution level, indicating that the soil pore structure can be manipulated by changing dilution level of the reclaimed water.
引文
[1]李竞,马红霞,郑恩峰.再生水灌溉对园林植物叶片生理及根际土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(4):70-76.
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[8]商放泽,任树梅,邹添,等.再生水及盐溶液入渗与蒸发对土壤水盐和碱性的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(14):120-129.
[9]杨树青,杨金忠,史海滨.不同作物种植条件下微咸水灌溉的土壤环境效应试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2007, 26(6):55-58,62.
[10]邵建荣,张凤华,董艳,等.干旱区微咸水滴灌条件下典型土壤盐碱化影响因素研究[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(6):216-221.
[11] ZHANG R. Determination of soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity from the disk infiltrometer[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997,61(4):1 024-1 030.
[12]刘常,王辉,胡传旺,等.非常规水水质对红壤水分运移参数的影响及其过程模拟[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(5):170-175.
[13]胡传旺,王辉,武芸,等. NaCl溶液处理亚热带土壤水分特征曲线差异与模型优选[J].农业机械学报, 2018, 49(4):290-296, 329.
[14]粟现文,周金龙,靳孟贵,等.高矿化度土壤水分特征曲线及拟合模型适宜性[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(13):135-141.
[15] CHAUDHARI S K, SOMAWANSHI R B. Effect of water quality on moisture retention in soil of different texture[J]. Journal Agricultural Physics, 2007,7(1):20-26.
[16]张俐,佘冬立,傅瑜,等.入渗水水质对土壤导水特性影响的试验研究[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(4):64-68.
[17]莫斌,陈晓燕,杨以翠,等.不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素研究[J].水土保持研究, 2016, 23(1):13-17.
[18]王全九,徐益敏,王金栋,等.咸水与微咸水在农业灌溉中的应用[J].灌溉排水, 2002,21(4):73-77.
[19]李雪转,樊贵盛.土壤有机质含量对土壤入渗能力及参数影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报, 2006,22(3):188-190.
[2]张云,崔树彬,胡惠方,等.南方地区再生水利用可行性及关键问题探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技, 2011, 9(1):122-125.
[3] BARDHAN G, RUSSO D, GOLDSTEIN D, et al. Changes in the hydraulic properties of a clay soil under long-term irrigation with treated wastewater[J].Geoderma, 2016, 264:1-9.
[4]王贵玲,蔺文静.污水灌溉对土壤的污染及其整治[J].农业环境科学学报, 2003, 22(2):163-166.
[5] WANG Z, CHANG A C, WU L, et al. Assessing the soil quality of long-term reclaimed wastewater-irrigated cropland[J]. Geoderma, 2003,114(3):261-278.
[6] ASSOULINE S,NARKIS K. Effects of long-term irrigation with treated wastewater on the hydraulic properties of a clayey soil[J]. Water Resources Research, 2011,47(8):2 924-2 930.
[7]李中阳,樊向阳,齐学斌,等.再生水灌溉对施用不同磷肥的茄子生长及品质影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(6):6-9.
[8]商放泽,任树梅,邹添,等.再生水及盐溶液入渗与蒸发对土壤水盐和碱性的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(14):120-129.
[9]杨树青,杨金忠,史海滨.不同作物种植条件下微咸水灌溉的土壤环境效应试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2007, 26(6):55-58,62.
[10]邵建荣,张凤华,董艳,等.干旱区微咸水滴灌条件下典型土壤盐碱化影响因素研究[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(6):216-221.
[11] ZHANG R. Determination of soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity from the disk infiltrometer[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997,61(4):1 024-1 030.
[12]刘常,王辉,胡传旺,等.非常规水水质对红壤水分运移参数的影响及其过程模拟[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(5):170-175.
[13]胡传旺,王辉,武芸,等. NaCl溶液处理亚热带土壤水分特征曲线差异与模型优选[J].农业机械学报, 2018, 49(4):290-296, 329.
[14]粟现文,周金龙,靳孟贵,等.高矿化度土壤水分特征曲线及拟合模型适宜性[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(13):135-141.
[15] CHAUDHARI S K, SOMAWANSHI R B. Effect of water quality on moisture retention in soil of different texture[J]. Journal Agricultural Physics, 2007,7(1):20-26.
[16]张俐,佘冬立,傅瑜,等.入渗水水质对土壤导水特性影响的试验研究[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(4):64-68.
[17]莫斌,陈晓燕,杨以翠,等.不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能及其影响因素研究[J].水土保持研究, 2016, 23(1):13-17.
[18]王全九,徐益敏,王金栋,等.咸水与微咸水在农业灌溉中的应用[J].灌溉排水, 2002,21(4):73-77.
[19]李雪转,樊贵盛.土壤有机质含量对土壤入渗能力及参数影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报, 2006,22(3):188-190.
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