土壤PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)组分中铬、砷和多环芳烃的累积及健康风险评估
|
摘要
污染物在土壤细颗粒组分(PM_(10)和PM_(2.5))中的累积对其呼吸颗粒物途径的健康风险评估存在重要影响。针对铬、砷及多环芳烃污染土壤,分析了3种污染物在土壤细颗粒组分中的累积特征及有机质含量对累积因子的可能影响,并基于不同方法比较了呼吸颗粒物途径的健康风险评估结果的差异。结果表明,(1)不同污染物在土壤细颗粒组分中的累积因子存在明显差异。土壤PM_(10)组分中污染物的累积因子在0.008-216.367之间,土壤PM_(2.5)组分中污染物的累积因子在0.005-415.533之间。六价铬和总铬在细颗粒组分中的累积程度较低,而砷和多环芳烃在细颗粒组分中累积明显。相对于砷和铬,多环芳烃在细颗粒中的累积因子更高且变化范围大,土壤PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)组分中4环及5-6环多环芳烃所占比例平均值分别达63.11%和58.98%,远高于粒径小于250μm组分中的39.05%。(2)有机质对污染物在细颗粒组分中的累积影响不同,仅当有机质含量较低时,六价铬累积因子大于1;相同有机质或炭黑条件下,4环及5-6环多环芳烃累积因子约为2-3环的1.14-74.69倍;而砷在土壤中的累积基本不受有机质含量的影响。(3)基于不同方法得到的呼吸颗粒物途径健康风险评估结果差异较大,最高相差7个数量级,建议通过实测表层土壤PM_(10)组分中污染物的浓度,作为我国风险评估模型中的暴露参数更为合理可行。
The accumulation of contaminants in the fine particle fractions of the soils(PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) has an important impact on the health risk assessment of the respiratory particulate pathway. Focused on chromium, arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils, the accumulation characteristics of three contaminants in fine particle fractions and the possible effects of organic matter content on accumulation factor was analyzed, and compared the differences in health risk assessment results of respiratory particulate pathways based on different methods. The results revealed that:(1) There were significant differences in the accumulation factor of different contaminants in the fine particle fractions of soils. The accumulation factor of contaminants in the PM_(10) fraction was 0.008-216.367, the accumulation factor of contaminants in the PM_(2.5) fraction was 0.005-415.533. The accumulation of hexavalent chromium and total chromium in the fine particle fraction was low, while arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulated obviously in the fine particle fraction. Compared with arsenic and chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had higher accumulation factor in fine particles and a wide range of variation, the average ratio of 4 rings and 5-6 rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) fractions was 63.11% and 58.98%, respectively, which was much higher than 39.05% of particle size less than 250 μm;(2) Organic matter had different effects on the accumulation of contaminants in fine particle fractions. The accumulation factor of hexavalent chromium was greater than 1 only when the organic matter content was low; in the case of the same organic matter and carbon black content, the accumulation factor of 4 rings and 5-6 rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were about 1.14-74.69 times of 2-3 rings; however, arsenic in soil was not affected by organic matter; And(3) the results of health risk assessment of respiratory particulate matter pathway based on different methods were quite different, with a maximum difference of 7 orders of magnitude, it is more reasonable and feasible to measure the concentration of contaminants in the PM_(10) fraction of the surface soil as the exposure parameter in China's risk assessment model.
The accumulation of contaminants in the fine particle fractions of the soils(PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) has an important impact on the health risk assessment of the respiratory particulate pathway. Focused on chromium, arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils, the accumulation characteristics of three contaminants in fine particle fractions and the possible effects of organic matter content on accumulation factor was analyzed, and compared the differences in health risk assessment results of respiratory particulate pathways based on different methods. The results revealed that:(1) There were significant differences in the accumulation factor of different contaminants in the fine particle fractions of soils. The accumulation factor of contaminants in the PM_(10) fraction was 0.008-216.367, the accumulation factor of contaminants in the PM_(2.5) fraction was 0.005-415.533. The accumulation of hexavalent chromium and total chromium in the fine particle fraction was low, while arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulated obviously in the fine particle fraction. Compared with arsenic and chromium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had higher accumulation factor in fine particles and a wide range of variation, the average ratio of 4 rings and 5-6 rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) fractions was 63.11% and 58.98%, respectively, which was much higher than 39.05% of particle size less than 250 μm;(2) Organic matter had different effects on the accumulation of contaminants in fine particle fractions. The accumulation factor of hexavalent chromium was greater than 1 only when the organic matter content was low; in the case of the same organic matter and carbon black content, the accumulation factor of 4 rings and 5-6 rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were about 1.14-74.69 times of 2-3 rings; however, arsenic in soil was not affected by organic matter; And(3) the results of health risk assessment of respiratory particulate matter pathway based on different methods were quite different, with a maximum difference of 7 orders of magnitude, it is more reasonable and feasible to measure the concentration of contaminants in the PM_(10) fraction of the surface soil as the exposure parameter in China's risk assessment model.
引文
ACOSTA J A,CANO A F,AROCENA J M,et al.,2009.Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playgrounds in Murcia City(Spain)[J].Geoderma,149(1-2):101-109.
AHRENS M J,DEPREE C V,2004.Inhomogeneous distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different size and density fractions of contaminated sediment from Auckland Harbour,New Zealand:an opportunity for mitigation[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,48(3-4):341-350.
AIKEN G R,1985.Humic substances in soil,sediment,and water geochemistry,isolation,and characterization[J].Geoderma,39(2):159-160.
AJMONE-MARSAN F,BIASIOLI M,KRALJ T,et al.,2008.Metals in particle-size fractions of the soils of five European cities[J].Environmental Pollution,152(1):73-81.
BORM P J A,KELLY F,NINO K,et al.,2007.Oxidant generation by particulate matter:from biologically effective dose to a promising,novel metric[J].Occupational&Environmental Medicine,64(2):73-74.
COHEN A J,BRAUER M,BURNETT R,et al.,2017.Estimates and25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution:an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015[J].Lancet,389(10082):1907-1918.
CONNOR J,BOWERS R,MCHUGH T,et al.,2007.Software Guidance Manual RBCA Tool Kit for Chemical Releases[S].GSI Environmental Incorporated.
DABEK-ZLOTORZYNSKA E,KELLY M,CHEN H,et al.,2005.Application of capillary electrophoresis combined with a modified BCR sequential extraction for estimating of distribution of selected trace metals in PM2.5 fractions of urban airborne particulate matter[J].Chemosphere,58(10):1365-1376.
GONG C,MA L,CHENG H,et al.,2014.Characterization of the particle size fraction associated heavy metals in tropical arable soils from Hainan Island,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,139:109-114.
HUANG B,LI Z W,HUANG J Q,et al.,2014.Adsorption characteristics of Cu and Zn onto various size fractions of aggregates from red paddy soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,264:176-183.
JIANG W,ZHANG S Z,SHAN X Q,et al.,2005.Adsorption of arsenate on soils.Part 2:Modeling the relationship between adsorption capacity and soil physiochemical properties using 16 Chinese soils[J].Environmental Pollution,138(2):285-289.
LI H L,CHEN J J,WU W,et al.,2010.Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different size fractions of soil from a coke oven plant and its relationship to organic carbon content[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,176(1-3):729-734.
LI L Q,PAN G X,ZHANG P J,et al.,2001.Distribution of heavy metals in particle size fractions of major paddy soils in the Tai Lake region,China and the response to soil environmental change[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,21(5):607-612.
LI Y M,ZHANG Q H,JI D S,et al.,2009.Levels and vertical distributions of PCBs,PBDEs,and OCPs in the atmospheric boundary layer:observation from the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower[J].Environmental Science&Technology,43(4):1030-1035.
LIU G N,WANG J,LIU X,et al.,2018.Partitioning and geochemical fractions of heavy metals from geogenic and anthropogenic sources in various soil particle size fractions[J].Geoderma,312:104-113.
LJUNG K,SELINUS O,OTABBONG E,et al.,2006.Metal and arsenic distribution in soil particle sizes relevant to soil ingestion by children[J].Applied Geochemistry,21(9):1613-1624.
MARUYA K A,RISEBROUGH R W,HORNE A J,1996.Partitioning of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons between sediments from San Francisco Bay and their porewaters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,30(10):2942-2947.
OEN A M P,CORNLISSEN G,BREEDVELD G D,2006.Relation between PAH and black carbon contents in size fractions of norwegian harbor sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,141(2):370-380.
RINKLEBE J,SHAHEEN S M,SCHROTER F,et al.,2016.Exploiting iogeochemical and spectroscopic techniques to assess the geochemical distribution and release dynamics of chromium and lead in a contaminated floodplain soil[J].Chemosphere,150:390-397.
SIMPSON M J,CHEFETZ B,DESHMUKH A P,et al.,2005.Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions and sedimentary organic matter characteristics in contaminated,coastal sediments from Pensacola Bay,Florida[J].Marine Environmental Research,59(2):139-163.
SONG H S,BANG W G,CHUNG N,et al.,2003.Effect of chelators and reductants on the mobilization of metals from ambient particulate matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,37(16):3531-3536.
WANG X C,ZHANG Y X,CHEN R F,2001.Distribution and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in different size fractions in sediments from Boston Harbor,United States[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,42(11):1139-1149.
YANG Y,LIGOUIS B,PIES C,et al.,2008.Occurrence of coal and coal-derived particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in a river floodplain soil[J].Environmental Pollution,151(1):121-129.
ZHANG J J,WEN B,SHAN X Q,2008.Effect of microbial activity,soil water content and added copper on the temporal distribution patterns of HCB and DDT among different soil organic matter fractions[J].Environmental Pollution,152(1):245-252.
杜森,高祥照,2006.土壤分析技术规范[M].第2版.北京:中国农业出版社:182-185.DU S,GAO X Z,2006.The technical specification for soil analysis[M].The second edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press:182-185.
耿柠波,2012.郑州市高新区大气颗粒物PM2.5中金属元素分析及污染源解析[D].郑州:郑州大学:1-52.GENG N B,2012.The analysis and source apportionment of trace elements in PM2.5 at Zhengzhou High-Tech Zone[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University:1-52.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2009.环境空气和废气砷的测定二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银分光光度法:HJ 549-2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2009.Ambient air and waste gas-Determination of arsenic-Sliver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method:HJ549-2009[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2013.环境空气和废气气相和颗粒物中多环芳烃的测定高效液相色谱法:HJ 647-2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2013.Ambient air and stationary source emission-determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-High performance liquid chromatography:HJ 647-2013[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2014.扬尘源颗粒物排放清单编制技术指南[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2014.Technical Guidelines for Compiling Emission Inventories of Particulate Matters from Dust Source[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2014.污染场地风险评估技术导则:HJ25.3-2014[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2014.Technical guidelines for risk assessment of contaminated sites:HJ 25.3-2014[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
李士杏,骆永明,章海波,等,2011.红壤不同粒级组分中砷的形态-基于连续分级提取和XANES研究[J].环境科学学报,31(12):2733-2739.LI S X,LUO Y M,ZHANG H B,et al.,2011.Arsenic forms in various particle-size fractions of red soil-chemical fractionation and speciation using XANES analysis[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,31(12),2733-2739.
倪进治,骆永明,张长波,2006.长江三角洲地区土壤环境质量与修复研究Ⅲ.农业土壤不同粒径组分中菲和苯并[a]芘的分配特征[J].土壤学报,43(5):717-722.NI J Z,LUO Y M,ZHANG C B,2006.Soil environment quality and remediation in Yangtze river delta regionⅢ.Distribution characteristics of phenanthrene and Benzo[a]pyrene in particle size separates of agricultural soils[J].Acta pedologica sinica,43(5):717-722.
乔宝文,2017.京津冀地区PM2.5中金属元素污染特征和来源分析[D].北京:北京化工大学:1-58.QIAO B W,2017.Characteristics and sources of trace metals in PM2.5in Beijing-Tianjing-Hebei region[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology:1-58.
生态环境部,2018.土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection,2018.Soil environment quality Risk control standard for soil contamination of development land[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
施烈焰,曹云者,张景来,等,2009.RBCA和CLEA模型在某重金属污染场地环境风险评价中的应用比较[J].环境科学研究,22(2):241-247.SHI C L,CAO Y Z,ZHANG J L,et al.,2009.Comparison of application of RBCA and CLEA model for health risk assessment of a heavy metal contaminated site[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,22(2):241-247.
石灵芝,2011.城市大气颗粒物(PM10)源解析与浓度预测及气象因素影响研究[D].长沙:中南大学:1-64.SHI L Z,2011.Source apportionment,concentration prediction,and meteorological effect of particulate matter(PM10)in urban air[D].Changsha:Central South University:1-64.
王芳,李恋卿,潘根兴,2006.黄泥土不同粒径微团聚体对Cd2+的吸附与解吸研究[J].环境科学,27(3):590-594.WANG F,LI L Q,PAN G X,2006.Sorption and desorption of Cd2+by size fractions of micro-aggregates from a paddy soil[J].Environmental Science,27(3):590-594.
王欣,杨毅,陆敏,等,2015.城市土壤不同粒径组分PAHs污染特征[J].环境科学与技术,38(9):176-182.WANG X,YANG Y,LU M,et al.,2015.Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different size fractions of urban soils[J].Environment Science&Technology,38(9):176-182.
魏萌,夏天翔,姜林,等,2013.焦化厂不同粒径土壤中PAHs的赋存特征[J].生态环境学报,22(5):863-869.WEI M,XIA T X,JIANG L,et al.,2013.Occurrence characteristics of PAHs in different particle size of soil from a coking plant[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,22(5):863-869.
吴启航,麦碧娴,彭平安,等,2004.不同粒径沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药分布特征[J].中国环境监测,20(5):1-6.WU Q H,MAI B X,PENG P A,et al.,2004.The study of grain-size distribution of PAHs and organochlorine in sediment[J].Environment al Monitoring in China,20(5):1-6.
张斌,邹卉,肖杰,等,2015.RAG-C和RBCA模型中场地特征参数的差异及其启示[J].环境工程,33(9):130-133.ZHNAG B,ZOU J,XIAO J,et al.,2015.Comparison of site-specific parameters in RAG-C and RBCA model and the implication for China[J].Environmental Engineering,33(9):130-133.
中华人民共和国卫生部,2004.工作场所空气有毒物质测定铬及其化合物:GBZ/T 160.7-2004[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China,2004.Methods for determination of chromium and its compounds in the air of workplace:GBZ/T 160.7-2004[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
朱月珍,1985.影响土壤中铬迁移转化的几个因素[J].土壤学报,22(4):390-393.ZHU Y Z,1985.Factors influencing the migration and transformation of chromium in soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,22(4):390-393.
AHRENS M J,DEPREE C V,2004.Inhomogeneous distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different size and density fractions of contaminated sediment from Auckland Harbour,New Zealand:an opportunity for mitigation[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,48(3-4):341-350.
AIKEN G R,1985.Humic substances in soil,sediment,and water geochemistry,isolation,and characterization[J].Geoderma,39(2):159-160.
AJMONE-MARSAN F,BIASIOLI M,KRALJ T,et al.,2008.Metals in particle-size fractions of the soils of five European cities[J].Environmental Pollution,152(1):73-81.
BORM P J A,KELLY F,NINO K,et al.,2007.Oxidant generation by particulate matter:from biologically effective dose to a promising,novel metric[J].Occupational&Environmental Medicine,64(2):73-74.
COHEN A J,BRAUER M,BURNETT R,et al.,2017.Estimates and25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution:an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015[J].Lancet,389(10082):1907-1918.
CONNOR J,BOWERS R,MCHUGH T,et al.,2007.Software Guidance Manual RBCA Tool Kit for Chemical Releases[S].GSI Environmental Incorporated.
DABEK-ZLOTORZYNSKA E,KELLY M,CHEN H,et al.,2005.Application of capillary electrophoresis combined with a modified BCR sequential extraction for estimating of distribution of selected trace metals in PM2.5 fractions of urban airborne particulate matter[J].Chemosphere,58(10):1365-1376.
GONG C,MA L,CHENG H,et al.,2014.Characterization of the particle size fraction associated heavy metals in tropical arable soils from Hainan Island,China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,139:109-114.
HUANG B,LI Z W,HUANG J Q,et al.,2014.Adsorption characteristics of Cu and Zn onto various size fractions of aggregates from red paddy soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,264:176-183.
JIANG W,ZHANG S Z,SHAN X Q,et al.,2005.Adsorption of arsenate on soils.Part 2:Modeling the relationship between adsorption capacity and soil physiochemical properties using 16 Chinese soils[J].Environmental Pollution,138(2):285-289.
LI H L,CHEN J J,WU W,et al.,2010.Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different size fractions of soil from a coke oven plant and its relationship to organic carbon content[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,176(1-3):729-734.
LI L Q,PAN G X,ZHANG P J,et al.,2001.Distribution of heavy metals in particle size fractions of major paddy soils in the Tai Lake region,China and the response to soil environmental change[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,21(5):607-612.
LI Y M,ZHANG Q H,JI D S,et al.,2009.Levels and vertical distributions of PCBs,PBDEs,and OCPs in the atmospheric boundary layer:observation from the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower[J].Environmental Science&Technology,43(4):1030-1035.
LIU G N,WANG J,LIU X,et al.,2018.Partitioning and geochemical fractions of heavy metals from geogenic and anthropogenic sources in various soil particle size fractions[J].Geoderma,312:104-113.
LJUNG K,SELINUS O,OTABBONG E,et al.,2006.Metal and arsenic distribution in soil particle sizes relevant to soil ingestion by children[J].Applied Geochemistry,21(9):1613-1624.
MARUYA K A,RISEBROUGH R W,HORNE A J,1996.Partitioning of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons between sediments from San Francisco Bay and their porewaters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,30(10):2942-2947.
OEN A M P,CORNLISSEN G,BREEDVELD G D,2006.Relation between PAH and black carbon contents in size fractions of norwegian harbor sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,141(2):370-380.
RINKLEBE J,SHAHEEN S M,SCHROTER F,et al.,2016.Exploiting iogeochemical and spectroscopic techniques to assess the geochemical distribution and release dynamics of chromium and lead in a contaminated floodplain soil[J].Chemosphere,150:390-397.
SIMPSON M J,CHEFETZ B,DESHMUKH A P,et al.,2005.Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions and sedimentary organic matter characteristics in contaminated,coastal sediments from Pensacola Bay,Florida[J].Marine Environmental Research,59(2):139-163.
SONG H S,BANG W G,CHUNG N,et al.,2003.Effect of chelators and reductants on the mobilization of metals from ambient particulate matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,37(16):3531-3536.
WANG X C,ZHANG Y X,CHEN R F,2001.Distribution and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in different size fractions in sediments from Boston Harbor,United States[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,42(11):1139-1149.
YANG Y,LIGOUIS B,PIES C,et al.,2008.Occurrence of coal and coal-derived particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in a river floodplain soil[J].Environmental Pollution,151(1):121-129.
ZHANG J J,WEN B,SHAN X Q,2008.Effect of microbial activity,soil water content and added copper on the temporal distribution patterns of HCB and DDT among different soil organic matter fractions[J].Environmental Pollution,152(1):245-252.
杜森,高祥照,2006.土壤分析技术规范[M].第2版.北京:中国农业出版社:182-185.DU S,GAO X Z,2006.The technical specification for soil analysis[M].The second edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press:182-185.
耿柠波,2012.郑州市高新区大气颗粒物PM2.5中金属元素分析及污染源解析[D].郑州:郑州大学:1-52.GENG N B,2012.The analysis and source apportionment of trace elements in PM2.5 at Zhengzhou High-Tech Zone[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University:1-52.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2009.环境空气和废气砷的测定二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银分光光度法:HJ 549-2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2009.Ambient air and waste gas-Determination of arsenic-Sliver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method:HJ549-2009[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2013.环境空气和废气气相和颗粒物中多环芳烃的测定高效液相色谱法:HJ 647-2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2013.Ambient air and stationary source emission-determination of gas and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-High performance liquid chromatography:HJ 647-2013[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2014.扬尘源颗粒物排放清单编制技术指南[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2014.Technical Guidelines for Compiling Emission Inventories of Particulate Matters from Dust Source[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
中华人民共和国环境保护部,2014.污染场地风险评估技术导则:HJ25.3-2014[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China,2014.Technical guidelines for risk assessment of contaminated sites:HJ 25.3-2014[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
李士杏,骆永明,章海波,等,2011.红壤不同粒级组分中砷的形态-基于连续分级提取和XANES研究[J].环境科学学报,31(12):2733-2739.LI S X,LUO Y M,ZHANG H B,et al.,2011.Arsenic forms in various particle-size fractions of red soil-chemical fractionation and speciation using XANES analysis[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,31(12),2733-2739.
倪进治,骆永明,张长波,2006.长江三角洲地区土壤环境质量与修复研究Ⅲ.农业土壤不同粒径组分中菲和苯并[a]芘的分配特征[J].土壤学报,43(5):717-722.NI J Z,LUO Y M,ZHANG C B,2006.Soil environment quality and remediation in Yangtze river delta regionⅢ.Distribution characteristics of phenanthrene and Benzo[a]pyrene in particle size separates of agricultural soils[J].Acta pedologica sinica,43(5):717-722.
乔宝文,2017.京津冀地区PM2.5中金属元素污染特征和来源分析[D].北京:北京化工大学:1-58.QIAO B W,2017.Characteristics and sources of trace metals in PM2.5in Beijing-Tianjing-Hebei region[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology:1-58.
生态环境部,2018.土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Environmental Protection,2018.Soil environment quality Risk control standard for soil contamination of development land[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
施烈焰,曹云者,张景来,等,2009.RBCA和CLEA模型在某重金属污染场地环境风险评价中的应用比较[J].环境科学研究,22(2):241-247.SHI C L,CAO Y Z,ZHANG J L,et al.,2009.Comparison of application of RBCA and CLEA model for health risk assessment of a heavy metal contaminated site[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,22(2):241-247.
石灵芝,2011.城市大气颗粒物(PM10)源解析与浓度预测及气象因素影响研究[D].长沙:中南大学:1-64.SHI L Z,2011.Source apportionment,concentration prediction,and meteorological effect of particulate matter(PM10)in urban air[D].Changsha:Central South University:1-64.
王芳,李恋卿,潘根兴,2006.黄泥土不同粒径微团聚体对Cd2+的吸附与解吸研究[J].环境科学,27(3):590-594.WANG F,LI L Q,PAN G X,2006.Sorption and desorption of Cd2+by size fractions of micro-aggregates from a paddy soil[J].Environmental Science,27(3):590-594.
王欣,杨毅,陆敏,等,2015.城市土壤不同粒径组分PAHs污染特征[J].环境科学与技术,38(9):176-182.WANG X,YANG Y,LU M,et al.,2015.Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different size fractions of urban soils[J].Environment Science&Technology,38(9):176-182.
魏萌,夏天翔,姜林,等,2013.焦化厂不同粒径土壤中PAHs的赋存特征[J].生态环境学报,22(5):863-869.WEI M,XIA T X,JIANG L,et al.,2013.Occurrence characteristics of PAHs in different particle size of soil from a coking plant[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,22(5):863-869.
吴启航,麦碧娴,彭平安,等,2004.不同粒径沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药分布特征[J].中国环境监测,20(5):1-6.WU Q H,MAI B X,PENG P A,et al.,2004.The study of grain-size distribution of PAHs and organochlorine in sediment[J].Environment al Monitoring in China,20(5):1-6.
张斌,邹卉,肖杰,等,2015.RAG-C和RBCA模型中场地特征参数的差异及其启示[J].环境工程,33(9):130-133.ZHNAG B,ZOU J,XIAO J,et al.,2015.Comparison of site-specific parameters in RAG-C and RBCA model and the implication for China[J].Environmental Engineering,33(9):130-133.
中华人民共和国卫生部,2004.工作场所空气有毒物质测定铬及其化合物:GBZ/T 160.7-2004[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社.Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China,2004.Methods for determination of chromium and its compounds in the air of workplace:GBZ/T 160.7-2004[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.
朱月珍,1985.影响土壤中铬迁移转化的几个因素[J].土壤学报,22(4):390-393.ZHU Y Z,1985.Factors influencing the migration and transformation of chromium in soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,22(4):390-393.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |