内蒙古高原达里诺尔湖夏季水体稳定同位素变化特征
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摘要
基于内蒙古高原寒-旱区达里诺尔湖(简称"达里湖")相对集中的夏季大气降水、强烈的蒸发作用等典型区域气候环境特征,结合湖泊水体温度、盐度等理化指标变化,对夏季达里湖湖水、入湖河水、区域大气降水等样品中稳定氢、氧同位素(δD、δ~(18)O)值变化进行了对比分析.结果显示:虽然整体上达里湖夏季水体并没有形成明显的物理性质"跃层"(如温跃层、盐跃层等),水体理化指标的空间分布相对稳定,但是夏季湖水中δD、δ~(18)O值却随着水深增加逐渐偏负:δD值由表层水体(0～1 m)到底层水体(7～9 m)偏负约1.40‰,δ~(18)O值由表层水体到底层水体偏负约0.27‰.达里湖夏季"大气水线"为δD=8.22δ~(18)O+6.82,显示大气降水中δD、δ~(18)O值受季风降水效应影响的同时受到区域蒸发作用影响.特别是7、8月大气降水同位素变化受降水效应的影响比6、9月更明显,而6、9月大气降水同位素变化受蒸发作用的影响比7、8月更明显.这也导致达里湖夏季上层水体受大气降水的稀释作用影响显著;伴随水深的增加,降水效应及蒸发作用的混合影响逐渐减弱,底层水体受区域地下水补给过程等因素的影响则可能更加明显,即达里湖夏季上层水体和底层水体中稳定同位素组成变化的影响因素存在差异.
As one proxy of water evolution,hydrologic cycle and water balance in lakes,the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen( δD and δ~(18)O) had been wildly utilized during lake researching. However,one problem is that a few works based on stable isotopes of lake water had been done in Cold-Arid regions of China. In this paper,to analyze the relationships of δD and δ~(18)O and their feedbacks on precipitation process and vaporization process,totally 144 samples of lake water,river water and precipitation water had been collected in summer Dali-nor Lake,which locates in Cold-Arid area of Inner Mongolia,North China. Meanwhile,the typical physical and chemical proxies of lake water had been measured,such as temperature,salinity,pH value,and so on. By comparing the values of δD and δ~(18)O among different types of sample,we concluded that: The values of classical physical and chemical proxies of lake water offset a certain degree following depth change,and are also a little different between different regions at the same water depth. But there are no clearly fluctuations appeared,such as thermocline and halocline,in summer Dali-nor Lake. As a whole,the characteristics of water mass are essentially stable in summer Dali-nor Lake. But,the values of δD and δ~(18)O both become lighter and lighter following water depth changing. For example,the value of δD and δ~(18)O are about-31.723‰ and-1.785‰ in surface water,and about-31.776‰ and-1.838‰ in bottom water,respectively. The meteoric water line is δD =8.22 δ~(18)O+6.82( R~2= 0.936,n = 42),which shows that the change of δD and δ~(18)O in precipitation had influenced both by rainfall process and vaporization process in Dali-nor Lake. The precipitation may have stronger influence on fractional distillation of δD and δ~(18)O than evaporation process in July and August. Correspondingly,the evaporation process may have stronger influence on fractional distillation of δD and δ~(18)O than precipitation process in June and September. As a result,the relationships of δD and δ~(18)O in surface water and bottom water are different in summer Dali-nor Lake. The relationship in surface water is nearly with those in precipitation and river water,but the relationship of bottom water is close to those in groundwater. Resumptively,the value changes of δD and δ~(18)O in surface water might be influenced mainly by evaporation process and precipitation process,and those might be influenced mainly by groundwater input in deeper water.
As one proxy of water evolution,hydrologic cycle and water balance in lakes,the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen( δD and δ~(18)O) had been wildly utilized during lake researching. However,one problem is that a few works based on stable isotopes of lake water had been done in Cold-Arid regions of China. In this paper,to analyze the relationships of δD and δ~(18)O and their feedbacks on precipitation process and vaporization process,totally 144 samples of lake water,river water and precipitation water had been collected in summer Dali-nor Lake,which locates in Cold-Arid area of Inner Mongolia,North China. Meanwhile,the typical physical and chemical proxies of lake water had been measured,such as temperature,salinity,pH value,and so on. By comparing the values of δD and δ~(18)O among different types of sample,we concluded that: The values of classical physical and chemical proxies of lake water offset a certain degree following depth change,and are also a little different between different regions at the same water depth. But there are no clearly fluctuations appeared,such as thermocline and halocline,in summer Dali-nor Lake. As a whole,the characteristics of water mass are essentially stable in summer Dali-nor Lake. But,the values of δD and δ~(18)O both become lighter and lighter following water depth changing. For example,the value of δD and δ~(18)O are about-31.723‰ and-1.785‰ in surface water,and about-31.776‰ and-1.838‰ in bottom water,respectively. The meteoric water line is δD =8.22 δ~(18)O+6.82( R~2= 0.936,n = 42),which shows that the change of δD and δ~(18)O in precipitation had influenced both by rainfall process and vaporization process in Dali-nor Lake. The precipitation may have stronger influence on fractional distillation of δD and δ~(18)O than evaporation process in July and August. Correspondingly,the evaporation process may have stronger influence on fractional distillation of δD and δ~(18)O than precipitation process in June and September. As a result,the relationships of δD and δ~(18)O in surface water and bottom water are different in summer Dali-nor Lake. The relationship in surface water is nearly with those in precipitation and river water,but the relationship of bottom water is close to those in groundwater. Resumptively,the value changes of δD and δ~(18)O in surface water might be influenced mainly by evaporation process and precipitation process,and those might be influenced mainly by groundwater input in deeper water.
引文
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[6]Xu YW,Kang SC,Zhang YL et al.A method for eatimating the contribution of evaporative vapor from the lake Nam Co to atmospheric vapor based on stable isotopes of water bodies.Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(13):1042-1049.[徐彦伟,康世昌,张玉兰等.夏季纳木错湖水蒸发对当地大气水汽贡献的方法探讨:基于水定同位素的估算.科学通报,2011,56(13):1042-1049.]
[7]Zhen ZL,Li CY,Li WB et al.Characteristics of environmental isotopes of surface water and groundwater and their recharge relationships in lake Dali basin.J Lake Sci,2014,26(6):916-922.DOI:10.18307/2014.0614.[甄志磊,李畅游,李文宝等.内蒙古达里诺尔湖流域地表水和地下水环境同位素特征及补给关系.湖泊科学,2014,26(6):916-922.]
[8]An CB,Chen FH.The pattern of Holocene climate change in the arid central Asia:a case study based on lakes.J Lake Sci,2009,21(3):329-334.DOI:10.18307/2009.0303.[安成邦,陈发虎.中东亚干旱区全新世气候变化的西风模式---以湖泊研究为例.湖泊科学,2009,21(3):329-334.]
[9]Zhang YH,Wu YQ,Wen XH et al.Application of environmental isotopes in water cycle.Advance Water Science,2006,17(5):738-747.[张应华,仵彦卿,温小虎等.环境同位素在水循环研究中的应用.水科学进展,2006,17(5):738-747.]
[10]Gibson JJ,Reid R.Water balance along a chain of tundra lakes:A 20-year isotopic perspective.Journal of Hydrology,2014,519:2148-2164.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.011.
[11]Hepp J,Tuthorn M,Zech R et al.Reconstructing lake evaporation history and the isotopic composition of precipitation by a coupledδ18O-δ2H biomarker approach.Journal of Hydrology,2014,519:2164-2173.DOI:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.012.
[12]West AG,February EC,Bowen GJ.Spatial analysis of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes(“isoscapes”)in ground water and tap water across South Africa.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2014,145(2):213-222.
[13]Price RM,Skrzypek G,Grierson PF et al.The use of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen to identify water sources in two hypersaline estuaries with different hydrologic regimes.Marine&Freshwater Research,2012,63(11):952-966.
[14]Brooks JR,Gibson JJ,Birks SJ et al.Stable isotope estimates of evaporation:inflow and water residence time for lakes across the United States as a tool for national lake water quality assessments.Limnology and Oceanography,2014,59(6):2150-2165.
[15]Good SP,Noone D,Bowen G.Hydrologic connectivity constrains partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes.Science,2015,349:175-177.
[16]Pu JB,Li JH,Wu X et al.Hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics controlled by thermal stratification effect in a subtropical reservoir,SW China.Advance Water Science,2016,27(4):561-567.[浦俊兵,李建鸿,吴夏等.热分层效应控制的水库水体氢氧同位素特征.水科学进展,2016,27(4):561-567.]
[17]Liu XX,Li CY,Li WB et al.The distribution and relationship if isotope and nutrient during freeze-up period in the lake Dalinuoer:A quantitative approach.J Lake Sci,2015,27(6):1159-1167.DOI:10.18307/2015.0622.[刘晓旭,李畅游,李文宝等.冰封期达里诺尔湖同位素与营养盐分布特征及关系的定量研究.湖泊科学,2015,27(6):1159-1167.]
[18]Gibson JJ,Birks SJ,Yi Y.Stable isotope mass balance of lakes:a contemporary perspective.Quaternary Science Reviews,2016,131:316-328.
[19]Xu JZ,Xiao W,Xiao QT et al.Temporal dynamics of stable isotopic composition in Lake Taihu and controlling factors.Environment Science,2016,37(7):2470-2477.[徐敬争,肖薇,肖启涛等.湖水氢氧同位素组分的时间变化特征及影响因子分析.环境科学,2016,37(7):2470-2477.]
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