江苏省土地利用功能变化及其空间格局特征
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摘要
面对资源约束与生态环境破坏的双重压力以及经济发展与社会稳定的双重需要,优化国土空间开发格局已成为中国经济社会可持续发展的重要任务。土地利用作为国土空间开发的核心载体,研究其利用过程中形成的各项功能效应及其变化特征,有利于摸清国土空间开发中的症结与问题。以江苏省为实证,立足区域国土空间发展目标,构建包含农业生产、城镇生活、生态维护等3项一级功能以及9项二级功能的土地利用功能分类体系,以1 km×1 km空间格网为评价单元,运用经济社会数据空间化方法以及InVEST、RUSLE等模型方法,综合测度2000年和2015年两个时间断面下江苏省各项土地利用功能及其变化,分析土地利用功能变化特征,总结土地利用功能变化模式及成因,并划分功能变化分区。结果表明:①2000-2015年,江苏省农业生产功能西增东减;南部地区城镇生活功能增强明显高于中北部地区;各项生态维护功能变化特征差异显著。②江苏省农业生产功能与生态维护功能变化存在协同关系,与城镇生活功能变化存在权衡关系。③江苏省土地利用功能变化可划分为西南丘陵综合功能提升区、太湖平原生产功能减弱区、沿江平原生活功能增强区等8个类型区,各分区功能变化主导模式存在差异。
Under the dual pressures of resource constraint and ecological environment destruction, it has become an important task for China to optimize territorial space development pattern, which aims at simultaneously satisfying the demands of economic development and social stability to fulfill the sustainable development. Since land use is the core carrier of territorial space development, it is helpful to study the effects and its characteristics emerged in the process of land use to identify the problems and cruxes of territorial space development. This study took Jiangsu province as an example, and established the classification system of land use functions(LUFs) based on the targets of regional territorial space development. The system contains three first-level functions, i.e., agricultural production function(APF), urban living function(ULF) and ecological maintenance function(EMF), and nine second-level functions. Then, an assessment was conducted on LUF in the years of 2000 and 2015 as well as its change from 2000 to 2015 in Jiangsu province by the unit of 1 km×1 km, respectively. The methods used contained statistical data spatialization method,InVEST, and RUSLE. Based on this, we summarized the change characteristics and patterns of LUFs, and analyzed the causes for different LUF change patterns. Finally, we divided Jiangsu province into different partitions in terms of the change of LUFs. The results showed that:(1)APF increased in western Jiangsu and decreased in eastern Jiangsu from 2000 to 2015. ULF increased more significantly in southern Jiangsu than in central and northern Jiangsu, and each function of EMF has different change characteristics in different regions.(2) The change of APF and EMF showed collaborative relevance, and the change of APF and ULF showed tradeoff relevance in Jiangsu province.(3) In general, we divided Jiangsu province into eight subareas for the change of LUFs, including Southwest Hilly Areas-Comprehensive function increased zone, Taihu Lake Plain-Production function decreased zone, and Living function increased zone along the Yangtze River Plain. Different areas had different dominant change patterns of LUFs.
Under the dual pressures of resource constraint and ecological environment destruction, it has become an important task for China to optimize territorial space development pattern, which aims at simultaneously satisfying the demands of economic development and social stability to fulfill the sustainable development. Since land use is the core carrier of territorial space development, it is helpful to study the effects and its characteristics emerged in the process of land use to identify the problems and cruxes of territorial space development. This study took Jiangsu province as an example, and established the classification system of land use functions(LUFs) based on the targets of regional territorial space development. The system contains three first-level functions, i.e., agricultural production function(APF), urban living function(ULF) and ecological maintenance function(EMF), and nine second-level functions. Then, an assessment was conducted on LUF in the years of 2000 and 2015 as well as its change from 2000 to 2015 in Jiangsu province by the unit of 1 km×1 km, respectively. The methods used contained statistical data spatialization method,InVEST, and RUSLE. Based on this, we summarized the change characteristics and patterns of LUFs, and analyzed the causes for different LUF change patterns. Finally, we divided Jiangsu province into different partitions in terms of the change of LUFs. The results showed that:(1)APF increased in western Jiangsu and decreased in eastern Jiangsu from 2000 to 2015. ULF increased more significantly in southern Jiangsu than in central and northern Jiangsu, and each function of EMF has different change characteristics in different regions.(2) The change of APF and EMF showed collaborative relevance, and the change of APF and ULF showed tradeoff relevance in Jiangsu province.(3) In general, we divided Jiangsu province into eight subareas for the change of LUFs, including Southwest Hilly Areas-Comprehensive function increased zone, Taihu Lake Plain-Production function decreased zone, and Living function increased zone along the Yangtze River Plain. Different areas had different dominant change patterns of LUFs.
引文
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[2]黄金川,林浩曦,漆潇潇.面向国土空间优化的三生空间研究进展.地理科学进展,2017,36(3):378-391.[Huang Jinchuan,Lin Haoxi,Qi Xiaoxiao.A literature review on optimization of spatial development pattern based on ecologicalproduction-living space.Progress in Geography,2017,36(3):378-391.]
[3]Foley J A,DeFries R,Asner G P,et al.Global consequences of land use.Science,2005,309(5734):570-574.
[4]Verburg P H,Van De Steeg J,Veldkamp A,et al.From land cover change to land function dynamics:A major challenge to improve land characterization.Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(3):1327-1335.
[5]龙花楼.论土地利用转型与土地资源管理.地理研究,2015,34(9):1607-1618.[Long Hualou.Land use transition and land management.Geographical Research,2015,34(9):1607-1618.]
[6]宋小青.论土地利用转型的研究框架.地理学报,2017,72(3):471-487.[Song Xiaoqing.Discussion on land use transition research framework.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(3):471-487.]
[7]Wiggering H,Dalchow C,Glemnitz M,et al.Indicators for multifunctional land use:Linking socio-economic requirements with landscape potentials.Ecological Indicators,2006,6(1):238-249.
[8]Costanza R,D'Arge R,De Groot R S,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,1997,387:253-260.
[9]De Groot R S,Wilson M A,Boumans R M J.A typology for the classification,description and valuation of ecosystem functions,goods and services.Ecological Economics,2002,41(3):393-408.
[10]Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MEA).Ecosystems and Human Well-being:Synthesis.Washington,DC:World Resources Institute,2005.
[11]De Groot R.Function-analysis and valuation as a tool to assess land use conflicts in planning for sustainable,multi-functional landscapes.Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,75(3):175-186.
[12]Kienast F,Bolliger J,Potschin M,et al.Assessing landscape functions with broad-scale environmental data:Insights gained from a prototype development for Europe.Environmental management,2009,44(6):1099-1120.
[13]刘超,许月卿,孙丕苓,等.土地利用多功能性研究进展与展望.地理科学进展,2016,35(9):1087-1099.[Liu Chao,Xu Yueqing,Sun Piling,et al.Progress and prospects of multi-functionality of land use research.Progress in Geography,2016,35(9):1087-1099.]
[14]Kates R W,Clark W C,Corell R,et al.Sustainability science.Science,2001,292(5517):641-642.
[15]甄霖,曹淑艳,魏云洁,等.土地空间多功能利用:理论框架及实证研究.资源科学,2009,31(4):544-551.[Zhen Lin,Cao Shuyan,Wei Yunjie,et al.Land use functions:Conceptual framework and application for China.Resources Science,2009,31(4):544-551.]
[16]甄霖,魏云洁,谢高地,等.中国土地利用多功能性动态的区域分析.生态学报,2010,30(24):6749-6761.[Zhen Lin,Wei Yunjie,Xie Gaodi,et al.Regional analysis of dynamic land use functions in China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(24):6749-6761.]
[17]宋小青,吴志峰,欧阳竹.1949年以来中国耕地功能变化.地理学报,2014,69(4):435-447.[Song Xiaoqing,Wu Zhifeng,Ouyang Zhu.Changes of cultivated land function in China since 1949.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(4):435-447.]
[18]de L Dantas V,Batalha M A,Pausas J G.Fire drives functional thresholds on the savanna-forest transition.Ecology,2013,94(11):2454-2463.
[19]李玉恒,陈聪,刘彦随.中国城乡发展转型衡量及其类型研究:以环渤海地区为例.地理研究,2014,33(9):1595-1602.[Li Yuheng,Chen Cong,Liu Yansui.Assessment and classification of urban-rural development transformation in china:The study of Bohai Rim.Geographical Research,2014,33(9):1595-1602.]
[20]王千,金晓斌,阿依吐尔逊·沙木西,等河北省粮食产量空间格局差异变化研究.自然资源学报,2010,25(9):1525-1535.[Wang Qian,Jin Xiaobin,Ayituerxun·Shamuxi,et al.Space difference research of the grain production in Hebei province.Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(9):1525-1535.]
[21]鲁春霞,谢高地,马蓓蓓,等.中国区域发展过程的空间多功能利用演变.资源科学,2009,31(4):531-538.[Lu Chunxia,Xie Gaodi,Ma Beibei,et al.The evolution of multifunctional use of space in the process of regional development in China.Resources Science,2009,31(4):531-538.]
[22]杜国明,孙晓兵,王介勇.东北地区土地利用多功能性演化的时空格局.地理科学进展,2016,35(2):232-244.[Du Guoming,Sun Xiaobing,Wang Jieyong.Spatiotemporal patterns of multi-functionality of land use in Northeast China.Progress in Geography,2016,35(2):232-244.]
[23]Song W,Deng X.Land-use/land-cover change and ecosystem service provision in China.Science of the Total Environment,2017,576:705-719.
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