保水剂结合豌豆翻压对季节性干旱区新垦植烟土壤的改良效应及烤烟品质的影响
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摘要
研究了保水剂(Guilspare)施用量(0,2,4,6L/m~2)结合豌豆(Pisum sativum Linn)翻压对攀枝花平地镇新垦植烟土壤保水能力、土壤培肥和烤烟农艺性状、经济性状及化学成分的影响。结果表明:保水剂可使土壤的失水过程显著减慢,保水效果4L/m~2>6L/m~2>2L/m~2。保水剂结合豌豆翻压降低了土壤pH,提高了土壤有机质、总氮、总磷、有效氮、有效硼和速效钾含量,4L/m~2保水剂可增加土壤有机质含量6.1～28.3倍,保水剂主要通过增加翻压豌豆的生物量提高土壤肥力,进而影响烤烟农艺性状,4L/m~2保水剂结合豌豆翻压使烤烟叶厚度或叶质重增加,2L/m~2保水剂结合豌豆翻压使烤烟产量增加了10.30%,保水剂结合豌豆翻压提高了烤烟单叶质量和产量。在烤烟化学指标方面,6L/m~2保水剂结合豌豆翻压处理烤烟中部叶的总氮和钾含量分别为1.67%,2.24%,均达到优质烟水平(总氮含量1.5%～2.5%,钾含量>2.0%),保水剂结合豌豆翻压降低了烤烟糖碱比,提高了氯钾比,使烤烟内酸性物质和碱性物质之间趋于平衡,增加了化学成分的协调性。保水剂结合绿肥增加了烤烟下部叶的综合质量,降低了上部叶和中部叶的综合质量,可能与新垦植烟土壤中部叶和上部叶生长期靠后而得到的土壤水分和肥力供给不足有关。
The effect of water retaining agent(Guilspare)of different dosage(0,2,4and 6L/m~2)combined with Pisum sativum Linn returning to field on soil water retention capacity,fertilizing ability,tobacco agronomic and economic characters and chemical composition were investigated in town of Pingding.The results showed that water retaining agent significantly slowed the water loss process of soil,soil retention capacity were 4L/m~2>6L/m~2>2L/m~2.Water retaining agent reduced soil pH,increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available boron and potassium,4L/m~2 water retaining agent combined with green manure returning enhanced soil organic matter content of 6.07～28.3times compared to single green manure return,soil fertility improved mainly because of the increased biomass of Pisum sativum Linn.4L/m~2 water retaining agent with Pisum sativum Linn returning to field increased the thickness or weight of tobacco leaves which improved the quality of flue-cured tobacco.The rose output of 4L/m~2 treatment was by 10.30%.As to the influence of water retaining agent with Pisum sativum Linn returning on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco,the nitrogen and potassium content in middle leaveswere 1.67%and 2.24% processing with 6L/m~2 water retaining agent with Pisum sativum Linnreturn,had reached the level of high-quality tobacco(the total nitrogen content of 1.5%～2.5%,potassium >2.0%),furthermore,it reduced the ratio of sugar and nicotine,increased the ratio of chlorine and potassium,by which increased the coordination of acid and alkaline substances in flue-cured tobacco.The application of water retaining agent with green manure returning increased the comprehensive quality of the lower leaves,and reduced the quality of the upper and the middle leaves,it might be caused by the shortage of soil moisture and fertility supplied to the middle and upper leaves in soil of newly reclaimed land.
The effect of water retaining agent(Guilspare)of different dosage(0,2,4and 6L/m~2)combined with Pisum sativum Linn returning to field on soil water retention capacity,fertilizing ability,tobacco agronomic and economic characters and chemical composition were investigated in town of Pingding.The results showed that water retaining agent significantly slowed the water loss process of soil,soil retention capacity were 4L/m~2>6L/m~2>2L/m~2.Water retaining agent reduced soil pH,increased the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available boron and potassium,4L/m~2 water retaining agent combined with green manure returning enhanced soil organic matter content of 6.07～28.3times compared to single green manure return,soil fertility improved mainly because of the increased biomass of Pisum sativum Linn.4L/m~2 water retaining agent with Pisum sativum Linn returning to field increased the thickness or weight of tobacco leaves which improved the quality of flue-cured tobacco.The rose output of 4L/m~2 treatment was by 10.30%.As to the influence of water retaining agent with Pisum sativum Linn returning on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco,the nitrogen and potassium content in middle leaveswere 1.67%and 2.24% processing with 6L/m~2 water retaining agent with Pisum sativum Linnreturn,had reached the level of high-quality tobacco(the total nitrogen content of 1.5%～2.5%,potassium >2.0%),furthermore,it reduced the ratio of sugar and nicotine,increased the ratio of chlorine and potassium,by which increased the coordination of acid and alkaline substances in flue-cured tobacco.The application of water retaining agent with green manure returning increased the comprehensive quality of the lower leaves,and reduced the quality of the upper and the middle leaves,it might be caused by the shortage of soil moisture and fertility supplied to the middle and upper leaves in soil of newly reclaimed land.
引文
[1]王勇.中低山区植烟土壤主要肥力因子空间变异特征及地形因素影响研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[2]敬海霞,曹安全,张登荣,等.翻压绿肥对烤烟大田生长及烤后烟产值效益的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(1):155-159.
[3] Bilalis D,Karkanis A,Efthimiadoua A,et al.Effects of irrigation system and green manure on yield and nicotine content of Virginia(flue-cured)Organic tobacco(Nicotiana tabaccum),under Mediterranean conditions[J].Industral Crops and Products,2009,29(2/3):388-394.
[4]田峰,陆中山,邓小华,等.湘西烟区翻压不同绿肥品种的生态和烤烟效应[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(4):56-62.
[5] Hermiyanto B,Winarso S,Kusumandaru W.Soil chemical properties index of tobacco plantation land in jember district[J].Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia,2016,9:181-190.
[6]徐露,张丹,青会,等.保水剂结合黑麦草绿肥对烟田土壤的改良效应及烤烟品质的影响[J].山地学报,2017,35(5):727-733.
[7]李杨.保水剂与肥料及土壤的互作机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[9]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 142—2010烟草农艺性状调查测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[10]国家烟草专卖局.GB 2635—92烟草[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[11]杜文,谭新良,易建华,等.用烟叶化学成分进行烟叶质量评价[J].中国烟草学报,2007,13(3):25-31.
[12]邓小华,石楠,周米良,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对植烟土壤理化性状的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,48(2):7-10.
[13]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[14]刘国顺,罗贞宝,王岩,等.绿肥翻压对烟田土壤理化性状及土壤微生物量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):95-98.
[15] Morgenstern P,Bruggemanm L,Meissner R,et al.Capability of a XRF method for monitoring the content of the macronutrients Mg,P,S,K and Ca in agricultural crops[J].Water,Air and Soil pollution,2010,209(1/4):315-322.
[16]赵炯平,邓小华,江智敏,等.不同绿肥翻压还土后植烟土壤主要养分动态变化[J].作物研究,2015,29(2):161-165.
[17]李娟,刘国顺,宋晓华.重庆烟区土壤养分状况分析及综合评价[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):94-96.
[18]岳伦勇,何华波,朱列书.烟草的磷素营养研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(23):238-240.
[19]邓小华,周清明,周冀衡,等.烟叶质量评价指标间的典型相关分析[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(3):17-22.
[20] Mandal U K,Singh G,Victor U S,et al.Green manuring:Its effect on soil properties and crop growth under rice-wheat cropping system[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2003,19(2):225-237.
[21]王林虹,刘宝宜,姜亚历,等.保水剂在烟草生产上的应用[J].作物研究,2017,31(1):99-102.
[22]江智敏,田峰,邓小华,等.多年定位翻压绿肥对烤烟大田生长及经济性状的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(3):35-39.
[23]高云才,徐昭梅,刘玲,等.玉溪市不同品种烤烟烟叶化学指标差异及品质分析[J].烟草科技,2015,48(6):34-39.
[24] Karaivazoglou N A,Tsitsolis N C,Tsadilas C D.Influence of liming and form of nitrogen fertilizer on nutrient uptake,growth,yield and quality of Virginia(flue-cured)tobacco[J].Field Crop Research,2007,100(1):52-60.
[25]唐莉娜,张秋芳,陈顺辉.不同有机肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物群落PLFAs和烤烟品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,16(1):36-40.
[26]符建国,贾志红,沈宏.免揭地膜不同氮用量对烤烟光合及产质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(7):217-222.
[2]敬海霞,曹安全,张登荣,等.翻压绿肥对烤烟大田生长及烤后烟产值效益的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(1):155-159.
[3] Bilalis D,Karkanis A,Efthimiadoua A,et al.Effects of irrigation system and green manure on yield and nicotine content of Virginia(flue-cured)Organic tobacco(Nicotiana tabaccum),under Mediterranean conditions[J].Industral Crops and Products,2009,29(2/3):388-394.
[4]田峰,陆中山,邓小华,等.湘西烟区翻压不同绿肥品种的生态和烤烟效应[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(4):56-62.
[5] Hermiyanto B,Winarso S,Kusumandaru W.Soil chemical properties index of tobacco plantation land in jember district[J].Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia,2016,9:181-190.
[6]徐露,张丹,青会,等.保水剂结合黑麦草绿肥对烟田土壤的改良效应及烤烟品质的影响[J].山地学报,2017,35(5):727-733.
[7]李杨.保水剂与肥料及土壤的互作机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[8]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[9]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 142—2010烟草农艺性状调查测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[10]国家烟草专卖局.GB 2635—92烟草[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[11]杜文,谭新良,易建华,等.用烟叶化学成分进行烟叶质量评价[J].中国烟草学报,2007,13(3):25-31.
[12]邓小华,石楠,周米良,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对植烟土壤理化性状的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,48(2):7-10.
[13]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[14]刘国顺,罗贞宝,王岩,等.绿肥翻压对烟田土壤理化性状及土壤微生物量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):95-98.
[15] Morgenstern P,Bruggemanm L,Meissner R,et al.Capability of a XRF method for monitoring the content of the macronutrients Mg,P,S,K and Ca in agricultural crops[J].Water,Air and Soil pollution,2010,209(1/4):315-322.
[16]赵炯平,邓小华,江智敏,等.不同绿肥翻压还土后植烟土壤主要养分动态变化[J].作物研究,2015,29(2):161-165.
[17]李娟,刘国顺,宋晓华.重庆烟区土壤养分状况分析及综合评价[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):94-96.
[18]岳伦勇,何华波,朱列书.烟草的磷素营养研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(23):238-240.
[19]邓小华,周清明,周冀衡,等.烟叶质量评价指标间的典型相关分析[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(3):17-22.
[20] Mandal U K,Singh G,Victor U S,et al.Green manuring:Its effect on soil properties and crop growth under rice-wheat cropping system[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2003,19(2):225-237.
[21]王林虹,刘宝宜,姜亚历,等.保水剂在烟草生产上的应用[J].作物研究,2017,31(1):99-102.
[22]江智敏,田峰,邓小华,等.多年定位翻压绿肥对烤烟大田生长及经济性状的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(3):35-39.
[23]高云才,徐昭梅,刘玲,等.玉溪市不同品种烤烟烟叶化学指标差异及品质分析[J].烟草科技,2015,48(6):34-39.
[24] Karaivazoglou N A,Tsitsolis N C,Tsadilas C D.Influence of liming and form of nitrogen fertilizer on nutrient uptake,growth,yield and quality of Virginia(flue-cured)tobacco[J].Field Crop Research,2007,100(1):52-60.
[25]唐莉娜,张秋芳,陈顺辉.不同有机肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物群落PLFAs和烤烟品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,16(1):36-40.
[26]符建国,贾志红,沈宏.免揭地膜不同氮用量对烤烟光合及产质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(7):217-222.
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