寒旱区呼伦湖水体叶绿素a含量的时空分布特征及其影响因子分析
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摘要
以2015—2017年冰封期(1月),非冰封期(6月、7月及8月)的叶绿素a为研究对象,综合运用Arcgis空间插值、相关性分析、多元线性逐步回归分析与冗余分析方法,研究了近年来呼伦湖水体中叶绿素a含量的时空分布特征并确定了影响冰封期与非冰封期叶绿素a的主导环境因子,旨在揭示水体演变状况,并为呼伦湖的生态治理提供理论支撑。结果表明:呼伦湖水体叶绿素a含量在冰封期与非冰封期内呈现由湖区四周向湖心区减小的空间变化特征,且2015—2017年水体叶绿素a含量的变化范围依次在0.985-25.220、0.707-14.545及0.160-3.530mg·m~(-3)之间,呈现逐年减小的变化趋势;叶绿素a受营养元素分布与水温差异性的影响,有非冰封期含量大于冰封期含量的特征,且非冰封期内叶绿素a含量表现为8月>7月>6月的变化特点。通过多元线性逐步回归分析建立的叶绿素a含量与环境因子之间的回归方程R~2在0.70以上,可以很好地反映叶绿素a含量与环境因子间的定量关系。基于3种方法综合分析,明确了TP和TN在冰封期与非冰封期均是影响叶绿素a的限制性环境因子,同时冰封期内水温是影响叶绿素a的限制性环境因子,溶解氧则为受叶绿素a影响的被动环境因子,而非冰封期内pH是受叶绿素a影响的被动环境因子。
Using Arcgis spatial interpolation,correlation analysis,multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis and redundancy analysis methods,chlorophyll a in freezing period(January)and non-freezing period(June,July and August)in 2015-2017 was analyzed.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of chlorophyll a content in the hulun lake in recent years were studied,and the dominant environmental factors affecting chlorophyll a in freezing period and non-freezing period were determined.It aims to reveal the evolution of water bodies and provide theoretical support for the ecological management of hulun lake.The results show that the content of chlorophyll a in hulun lake decreased from the periphery to the center of the lake in freezing period and non-freezing period.The variation range of chlorophyll a content in water body in 2015-2017 was in 0.985-25.220,0.707-14.545 and 0.160-3.530 mg·m~(-3),showing a decreasing trend year by year.Chlorophyll a was influenced by the difference of nutrient element distribution and water temperature,and the content of non-freezing period was larger than that of freezing period,and the content of chlorophyll a in non-freezing period was characterized by the change of August>July>June.The regression equation between chlorophyll a content and environmental factors established by multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was more than 0.70 R~2,which can well reflect the quantitative relationship between chlorophyll a content and environmental factors.Based on the comprehensive analysis of 3 methods,it was clear that TP and TN were the restrictive environmental factors affecting chlorophyll a during freezing and non-freezing periods,Meanwhile,the water temperature during freezing period was also a restrictive environmental factor affecting chlorophyll a,and dissolved oxygen was a passive environmental factor affected by chlorophyll a.In the non-freezing period,pH was a passive environmental factor affected by chlorophyll a.
Using Arcgis spatial interpolation,correlation analysis,multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis and redundancy analysis methods,chlorophyll a in freezing period(January)and non-freezing period(June,July and August)in 2015-2017 was analyzed.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of chlorophyll a content in the hulun lake in recent years were studied,and the dominant environmental factors affecting chlorophyll a in freezing period and non-freezing period were determined.It aims to reveal the evolution of water bodies and provide theoretical support for the ecological management of hulun lake.The results show that the content of chlorophyll a in hulun lake decreased from the periphery to the center of the lake in freezing period and non-freezing period.The variation range of chlorophyll a content in water body in 2015-2017 was in 0.985-25.220,0.707-14.545 and 0.160-3.530 mg·m~(-3),showing a decreasing trend year by year.Chlorophyll a was influenced by the difference of nutrient element distribution and water temperature,and the content of non-freezing period was larger than that of freezing period,and the content of chlorophyll a in non-freezing period was characterized by the change of August>July>June.The regression equation between chlorophyll a content and environmental factors established by multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was more than 0.70 R~2,which can well reflect the quantitative relationship between chlorophyll a content and environmental factors.Based on the comprehensive analysis of 3 methods,it was clear that TP and TN were the restrictive environmental factors affecting chlorophyll a during freezing and non-freezing periods,Meanwhile,the water temperature during freezing period was also a restrictive environmental factor affecting chlorophyll a,and dissolved oxygen was a passive environmental factor affected by chlorophyll a.In the non-freezing period,pH was a passive environmental factor affected by chlorophyll a.
引文
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HABIB O A,TIPPETT R,MURPHY K J,1997.Seasonal changes in phytoplankton community structure in relation to physico-chemical factors in Loch Lomond,Scotland[J].Hydrobiologia,350(1-3):63-79.ZHU W,WAN L,ZHAO L F,2010.Effect of nutrient level on phytoplankton communuity structure in different water bodies[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,22(1):32-39.
WU Z S,CAI Y J,LIU X,et al.,2013.Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton in Lake Poyang:The largest freshwater lake in China[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,39(3):476-483.
陈家长,王菁,裘丽萍,等,2014.pH对鱼腥藻和普通小球藻生长竞争的影响[J].生态环境学报,23(2):289-294.CHEN J Z,WANG Q,QIU L P,et al.,2014.Effect of pH on growth and competition of Chlorella vulga and Anabaena sp.strain PCC[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,23(2):289-294.
陈永川,张德刚,汤利,2010.滇池水体磷的时空变化与藻类生长的关系[J].生态环境学报,19(6):1363-1368.CHEN Y C,TANG L,ZHANG D G,2010.The Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of chlorophyll a Concentrations and Its Relationship with Phosphorus in Lake Dianchi[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,19(6):1363-1368.
郭子扬,李畅游,史小红,等,2019.呼伦湖冰封期N、P时空分布及富营养化特征[J].环境化学,38(5):1180-1189.GUO Z Y,LI C Y,SHI X H,et al.,2019.Temporal and spatial distributions and eutrophication of nutrients in the ice-cold period of Hulun Lake,China[J].Environmental chemistry,38(5):1180-1189.
郭劲松,陈园,李哲,等,2011.三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系[J].环境科学,32(4):976-981.GUO J S,CHEN Y,LI Z,et al.,2011.Seasonal variation of chlorophyll a and its potential relationship with various algal species in Xiaojiang River backwater area,Three Gorges reservoir[J].Environmental science,32(4):976-981.
《呼伦湖志(续志一)》编纂委员会,1998.呼伦湖志(续志一)[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古义化出版社:5-20.《Hu lun zhi(cont.I)》Committee for the Compilation,1998.Hu lun zhi(cont.I)[M].Huhhot:Inner Mongolia yihua publishing house:5-20.
胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等,2007.论中国干旱区湖泊研究的重要意义[J].干旱区研究,24(2):137-140.HU R J,JIANG F Q,WANG Y J,et al.,2007.On the Importance of Research on the lakes in Arid Land of China[J].Arid Zone Research,24(2):137-140.
黄慧琴,侯进菊,翁辰,等,2016.崇明岛典型河道水体中叶绿素a动态特征及其与环境因子的相关分析[J].生态环境学报,25(8):1369-1375.HUANG H Q,HOU J J,WENG C,et al.,2016.Dynamics of chlorophyll-a and its potential relationship with environmental factors in typical river of Chongming Island[J].Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science,25(8):1369-1375.
康丽娟,刘永梅,李敦海,等,2007.不同盐度下水华束丝藻对C02含量倍增的生理响应[J].水生生物学报,31(5):671-674.KANG L J,LIU Y M,LI D H,et al.,2007.CO-effect of doubled C02and salinity on some physiological characteristics of aphanizomenon flos-aquae[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,31(5):671-674.
刘波,崔丽风,刘载文,2008.北京市城区地表水体叶绿素a与藻密度相关性研究[J].环境科学与技术,31(8):29-33.LIU B,CUI L F,LIU Z W,2008.Correlation between chlorophyll a and algal density of surface water in urban of Beijing[J].Environmental Science and Technology,31(8):29-33.
刘菲菲,陈学恩,2014.渤海浮游植物生物量季节变化的模拟研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),44(2):17-26.LIU F F,CHEN X E,2014.Simulation on Seasonal Variation of the Phytoplankton Biomass in the Bohai Sea[J].Journal of ocean university of China(natural science edition),44(2):17-26.
吕唤春,王飞儿,陈英旭,等,2003.千岛湖水体叶绿素a与相关环境因子的多元分析[J].应用生态学报,14(8):1347-1350.LV H C,WANG F E,CHEN Y X,et al.,2003.Analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in chlorophyll-a concentrat ion in Qiandao Lake and its impact f actors[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,14(8):1347-1350.
吕元蛟,李瑞娇,张念,等,2014.池塘残饵对底泥氮、磷释放影响的模拟研究[J].环境科学,35(6):2178-2184.LV Y J,LI R J, ZHANG N,et al.,2014.Effect of feed residual on the release of nitrogen and phosphorus of pond sediment[J].Environmental science,35(6):2178-2184.
聂利华,李训仕,刘亚群,等,2016.温度、光照、盐度与pH对淡水蓝藻拟柱胞藻生长的影响[J].生态科学,35(4):102-108.NEI L H,LI X S,LIU Y Q,et al.,2016.Study on the effects of temperature,light intensity,salinity and pH on growth characteristics of freshwater cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii[J].Ecological Science,35(4):102-108.钱昊钟,赵巧华,钱培东,等,2013.太湖叶绿素a浓度分布的时空特征及其影响因素[J].环境化学,32(5):789-796.QIAN H Z,ZHAO Q H,QIAN P D,et al.,2013.Spatial-temporal characteristic and influential factors of the chlorophyll-a concentration of Taihu Lake[J].Environmental chemistry,32(5):789-796.
盛海燕,虞左明,韩轶才,等,2010.亚热带大型河流型水库:富春江水库浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系[J].湖泊科学,22(2):235-243.SHENG H Y,YU Z M,HAN T C,et al.,2010.Phytoplankton community and its relationship with environmental factors of a large river-ine reservoir,Fuchunjiang Reservoir in subtropical China[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,22(2):235-243.
王琼,卢聪,范志平,等,2017.辽河流域太子河流域N、P和叶绿素a浓度空间分布及富营养化[J].湖泊科学,29(2):297-307.WANG Q,LU C,FAN Z P,et al., 2017.Eutrophication and spatial distribution of N,P and chlorophyll-a in the Taizihe River Basin,Liaohe River Catchment[J]Journal of Lake Sciences,29(2):297-307.
王震,邹华,杨桂军,等,2014.太湖叶绿素a的时空分布特征及其与环境因子的相关关系[J].湖泊科学,26(4):567-575.WANG Z,ZHOU H,YANG G J,et al.,2014.Spatial-temporal characteristics of chlorophyll-a and its relationship with environmental factors in Lake Taihu[J].Lake science,26(4):567-575.
吴阿娜,朱梦杰,汤琳,等,2011.淀山湖蓝藻水华高发期叶绿素a动态及相关环境因子分析[J].湖泊科学,23(1):67-72.WU A N,ZHU M J,TANG L,et al.,2011.Dynamics of chlorophyll a and analysis of environmental factors in lake dianshan during summer and autumn[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,23(1):67-72.
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