雷州湾附近海域鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
为了解雷州湾及其附近海域渔业生物的群落结构及其物理影响因素,于2016—2017年开展了4个季度的底拖网渔业资源与生态环境调查。运用聚类分析、相似性百分比分析以及冗余分析研究了该海域鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,雷州湾附近海域共捕获鱼类256种,以底层鱼类和暖水性鱼类为主;各季节均可划分为两个亚群落(Anosim test:R=0.28～0.77, P<0.01),群落Ⅰ的平均相似性为38.48%～47.44%,相似性的主要贡献种为斑头舌鳎(Cynoglossus puncticeps)、中华海鲇(Tachysurus sinensis)和线纹鳗鲇(Plotosus lineatus)等;群落Ⅱ的平均相似性为41.38%～52.59%,主要贡献种为多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、斑头舌鳎和花斑蛇鲻(Saurida undosquamis)等。两个亚群落的平均相异性为57.74%～76.25%;水深是4个季度显著影响鱼类分布的重要生态因子,溶解氧是3个季度显著影响鱼类分布的重要环境因子。综上所述,雷州湾及其附近海域鱼类种类数丰富,高于海州湾、大亚湾等海域;本研究揭示了该海域鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,为该海域鱼类资源的养护及利用提供参考依据。
Leizhou Bay, located on the eastern side of Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong province, is the primary habitat of Chinese white dolphin(Sousa chinensis), besides being a reserve for juvenile fish and shrimp. However, the ecological state of this coastal ecosystem remains largely unknown. To understand the fish community structure and its physical drivers in Leizhou Bay, seasonal bottom trawl along with environment monitoring surveys were conducted from 2016 to 2017. The relationships of fish community structure with environmental factors were analyzed using K-means cluster analysis, similarity percentage analysis, and redundancy analysis. These analyses led to the identification of 256 fish species, comprising mainly demersal fish and warm-water fish. The study sites for each season could be divided into two groups: group I, with water depth of less than 10 m, and group II, with water depth between 10 m and 20 m. Group I showed an average similarity of 38.48%–47.44% across seasons in terms of fish community structure(which was shown as matrixes of sites by species biomass). Three species, Cynoglossus puncticeps, Tachysurus sinensis, and Plotosus lineatus contributed greatly to the average similarity within Group I in summer, fall and winter. Furthermore, Group II showed an average similarity of 41.38%–52.59% across seasons. The Saurida tumbil contributed mostly to the average similarity within Group II in spring, summer and winter. The average dissimilarity between group I and group II in seasons was 57.74%–76.25%. Six ecological factors, i.e. depth, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, salinity, pH, and chlorophyll a, explained 41.76%–47.11% of variation in fish biomass, with depth being the dominant environmental factor affecting fish community structure in each season. Moreover, the fish species richness in Leizhou Bay was obviously higher than in other bays of China. This study provides preliminary data on fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Leizhou Bay, and provides clues for stocking enhancement in the waters.
Leizhou Bay, located on the eastern side of Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong province, is the primary habitat of Chinese white dolphin(Sousa chinensis), besides being a reserve for juvenile fish and shrimp. However, the ecological state of this coastal ecosystem remains largely unknown. To understand the fish community structure and its physical drivers in Leizhou Bay, seasonal bottom trawl along with environment monitoring surveys were conducted from 2016 to 2017. The relationships of fish community structure with environmental factors were analyzed using K-means cluster analysis, similarity percentage analysis, and redundancy analysis. These analyses led to the identification of 256 fish species, comprising mainly demersal fish and warm-water fish. The study sites for each season could be divided into two groups: group I, with water depth of less than 10 m, and group II, with water depth between 10 m and 20 m. Group I showed an average similarity of 38.48%–47.44% across seasons in terms of fish community structure(which was shown as matrixes of sites by species biomass). Three species, Cynoglossus puncticeps, Tachysurus sinensis, and Plotosus lineatus contributed greatly to the average similarity within Group I in summer, fall and winter. Furthermore, Group II showed an average similarity of 41.38%–52.59% across seasons. The Saurida tumbil contributed mostly to the average similarity within Group II in spring, summer and winter. The average dissimilarity between group I and group II in seasons was 57.74%–76.25%. Six ecological factors, i.e. depth, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, salinity, pH, and chlorophyll a, explained 41.76%–47.11% of variation in fish biomass, with depth being the dominant environmental factor affecting fish community structure in each season. Moreover, the fish species richness in Leizhou Bay was obviously higher than in other bays of China. This study provides preliminary data on fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in Leizhou Bay, and provides clues for stocking enhancement in the waters.
引文
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[17]Sui H Z,Xue Y,Ren Y P,et al.Studies on the ecological groups of fish communities in Haizhou Bay,China[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(12):59-71.[隋昊志,薛莹,任一平,等.海州湾鱼类生态类群的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2017,47(12):59-71.]
[18]Guo J Z,Chen Z Z,Xu Y W,et al.Tempo-spatial distribution characteristics of fish resources in Daya Bay[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(12):47-55.[郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.大亚湾鱼类资源数量的时空分布特征[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2018,48(12):47-55.]
[19]Zhang Y,Li G X.Analysis of port construction conditions in the Leizhou Bay[J].Coastal Engineering,2013,32(2):11-19.[张勇,李冠星.雷州湾建港条件分析[J].海岸工程,2013,32(2):11-19.]
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[21]Merino G,Barange M,Mullon C.Climate variability and change scenarios for a marine commodity:Modelling small pelagic fish,fisheries and fishmeal in a globalized market[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2010,81(1):196-205.
[22]Mc Lean M,Mouillot D,Lindegren M,et al.A climatedriven functional inversion of connected marine ecosystems[J].Current Biology,2018,28(22):3654-3660.
[23]Guo J Z,Chen Z Z,Xu Y W,et al.The effects of anthropogenic activities on the diversity and succession of fish community in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(3):595-607.[郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.人类活动对大亚湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其演替的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):595-607.]
[24]Boada J,SaguéO,Gordoa A.Spearfishing data reveals the littoral fish communities’association to coastal configuration[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2017,199:152-160.
[25]Dong J R,Hu C Y,Shui Y Y,et al.Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in the southern inshore waters of Wenzhou[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(2):209-219.[董静瑞,胡成业,水玉跃,等.温州南部沿岸海域鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):209-219.]
[26]Pinault M,Bissery C,Gassiole G,et al.Fish community structure in relation to environmental variation in coastal volcanic habitats[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2014,460:62-71.
[27]Hu C L,Zhang H L,Zhang Y Z,et al.Fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the Nature Reserve of Trichiurus japonicus[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2018,42(5):694-703.[胡翠林,张洪亮,张亚洲,等.带鱼保护区春秋季鱼类群落特征及与环境因子的关系[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):694-703.]
[28]Liu Z L,Yang L L,Yan L P,et al.Fish assemblages and environmental interpretation in the northern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters in summer[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(6):1399-1416.[刘尊雷,杨林林,严利平,等.夏季台湾海峡北部及邻近海域鱼类群落结构及环境解释[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(6):1399-1416.]
[2]Chen C L,Zhang C X.Community structure of phytoplankton in the coastal waters of Leizhou Bay with its relationships to environmental factors[J].Journal of Applied Oceanography,2016,35(2):174-182.[陈春亮,张才学.雷州湾浮游植物群落结构特征及其环境影响分析[J].应用海洋学学报,2016,35(2):174-182.]
[3]Xu X R,Song J Y,Zhang Z H,et al.The world’s second largest population of humpback dolphins in the waters of Zhanjiang deserves the highest conservation priority[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:Article No.8147.
[4]Fu D Y,Yang F,Liang X J,et al.Assessment and variation of temporal and spatial of key factors of water quality in coastal area of the Leizhou Peninsula[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2014,34(6):58-64.[付东洋,杨锋,梁晓军,等.雷州半岛近海水质环境关键因子时空变化与评价[J].广东海洋大学学报,2014,34(6):58-64.]
[5]Majewski A R,Atchison S,Mac Phee S,et al.Marine fish community structure and habitat associations on the Canadian Beaufort shelf and slope[J].Deep Sea Research PartⅠ:Oceanographic Research Papers,2017,121:169-182.
[6]Vergés A,Steinberg P D,Hay M E,et al.The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems:climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts[J].Proceedings:Biological Sciences,2014,281(1789):20140846.
[7]Yuan H R,Chen P M,Qin C X,et al.Seasonal variation of fish community structure in Zhelin Bay,the South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2017,13(2):26-35.[袁华荣,陈丕茂,秦传新,等.南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节变动的研究[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(2):26-35.]
[8]National Standardization Management Committee.GB/T12763.6-2007 specifications for oceanographic survey-part 6:survey of marine species[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007.[国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.]
[9]Tian M C,Sun B L,Yang J M.Analysis of fish fauna in Bohai Sea[J].Studia Marina Sinica,1993,34:157-167.[田明诚,孙宝龄,杨纪明.渤海鱼类区系分析[J].海洋科学集刊,1993,34:157-167.]
[10]Editorial Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Chinese Physical Geography:Marine Geography[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979:159-160.[中国科学院《中国自然地理》编辑委员会.中国自然地理-海洋地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:159-160.]
[11]Chen D G,Zhang M Z.Chinese Marine Fish[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2015:1-2152.[陈大刚,张美昭.中国海洋鱼类[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2015:1-2152.]
[12]Hartigan J A,Wong M A.Algorithm AS 136:A K-means clustering algorithm[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.Series C(Applied Statistics),1979,28(1):100-108.
[13]Caliński T,Harabasz J.A dendrite method for cluster analysis[J].Communications in Statistics,1974,3(1):1-27.
[14]Liu H,Niu J G,Liu C C,et al.Fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors of main stream of Emin River,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(12):3558-3563.[刘鸿,牛建功,刘春池,等.新疆额敏河干流鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(12):3558-3563.]
[15]The R Core Team.R:A language and environment for statistical computing.R Foundation for Statistical Computing,[CP/OL].http://www.R-project.org/.
[16]Cai Y C,Xu S N,Chen Z Z,et al.Current status of community structure and diversity of fishery resources in offshore northern South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2018,14(2):10-18.[蔡研聪,徐姗楠,陈作志,等.南海北部近海渔业资源群落结构及其多样性现状[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(2):10-18.]
[17]Sui H Z,Xue Y,Ren Y P,et al.Studies on the ecological groups of fish communities in Haizhou Bay,China[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(12):59-71.[隋昊志,薛莹,任一平,等.海州湾鱼类生态类群的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2017,47(12):59-71.]
[18]Guo J Z,Chen Z Z,Xu Y W,et al.Tempo-spatial distribution characteristics of fish resources in Daya Bay[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(12):47-55.[郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.大亚湾鱼类资源数量的时空分布特征[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2018,48(12):47-55.]
[19]Zhang Y,Li G X.Analysis of port construction conditions in the Leizhou Bay[J].Coastal Engineering,2013,32(2):11-19.[张勇,李冠星.雷州湾建港条件分析[J].海岸工程,2013,32(2):11-19.]
[20]Cheung W W L,Watson R,Pauly D.Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch[J].Nature,2013,497(7449):365-368.
[21]Merino G,Barange M,Mullon C.Climate variability and change scenarios for a marine commodity:Modelling small pelagic fish,fisheries and fishmeal in a globalized market[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2010,81(1):196-205.
[22]Mc Lean M,Mouillot D,Lindegren M,et al.A climatedriven functional inversion of connected marine ecosystems[J].Current Biology,2018,28(22):3654-3660.
[23]Guo J Z,Chen Z Z,Xu Y W,et al.The effects of anthropogenic activities on the diversity and succession of fish community in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(3):595-607.[郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.人类活动对大亚湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其演替的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):595-607.]
[24]Boada J,SaguéO,Gordoa A.Spearfishing data reveals the littoral fish communities’association to coastal configuration[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2017,199:152-160.
[25]Dong J R,Hu C Y,Shui Y Y,et al.Fish community structure and its relationships with environmental factors in the southern inshore waters of Wenzhou[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(2):209-219.[董静瑞,胡成业,水玉跃,等.温州南部沿岸海域鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):209-219.]
[26]Pinault M,Bissery C,Gassiole G,et al.Fish community structure in relation to environmental variation in coastal volcanic habitats[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2014,460:62-71.
[27]Hu C L,Zhang H L,Zhang Y Z,et al.Fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the Nature Reserve of Trichiurus japonicus[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2018,42(5):694-703.[胡翠林,张洪亮,张亚洲,等.带鱼保护区春秋季鱼类群落特征及与环境因子的关系[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):694-703.]
[28]Liu Z L,Yang L L,Yan L P,et al.Fish assemblages and environmental interpretation in the northern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters in summer[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(6):1399-1416.[刘尊雷,杨林林,严利平,等.夏季台湾海峡北部及邻近海域鱼类群落结构及环境解释[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(6):1399-1416.]
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