黄淮海北片麦田微喷灌水量对土壤贮水耗水及水分利用效率的影响
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摘要
为有效应对灌溉水资源短缺,明确麦田微喷灌水量的土壤贮水耗水特征,在山西临汾盆地采用大区对比方法,开展了微喷灌水量对土壤贮水耗水及水分利用效率影响的研究。结果表明:返青期、拔节期、灌浆期及成熟期0—100,0—200,100—200cm土层土壤贮水量基本呈现随微喷灌水量的增加而提高,微喷灌水量150mm与75mm、150mm与0mm、75mm与0mm处理间返青期至成熟期0—200cm土层贮水量均存在显著性差异;播前至成熟期阶段0—100,0—200,100—200cm土层的土壤耗水量呈现随灌水量的增加而减小,其中浅层(0—100cm)耗水量所占0—200cm耗水量比例各处理均大于深层(100—200cm)耗水量所占0—200cm耗水量比例,随灌水量的增加浅层(0—100cm)耗水所占比例提高,而深层(100—200cm)耗水所占比例则降低,不同微喷灌水量0—100,100—200cm土层在不同生育阶段的耗水量与该阶段的初始贮水量均分别呈正相关和负相关;在微喷灌水量0～150mm范围内,水分利用效率和产量均随微喷灌水量的增加而提高,当灌水量达525mm时,产量虽有增加但水分利用效率下降,而灌溉水利用效率则表现为随灌水量的上升而下降。研究结果可为水资源短缺对小麦生产系统的影响提供理论依据和技术支撑。
In order to effectively cope with the shortage of irrigation water resources and to clarify the soil water storage and consumption characteristics in wheat field under micro sprinkler irrigation,the effects of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts on soil water storage and consumption and water use efficiency(WUE)were studied in Linfen Basin,Shanxi Province,by means of large-scale contrast method.The results showed that the soil water storage in 0—100,0—200and 100—200cm soil layers at greening stage,jointing stage,filling stage and maturity stage increased with the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts.The soil water storage in 0—200cm soil layers from greening stage to maturity stage had significant differences between 150 mm and 75 mm of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts,150 mm and 0mm,and even between 75 mm and 0mm.With the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts from pre-sowing to maturity stage,soil water consumption in 0—100,0—200cm and 100—200cm soil layers decreased.All the proportions of soil water consumption in shallow layer(0—100cm)to the entire 0—200cm were greater than those in deep layer(100—200cm).And the proportions of shallow layer(0—100cm)increased with the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts,while those in deep layer(100—200cm)decreased.The soil water consumption in 0—100and 100—200cm soil layers at different growth stages had positive and negative correlationsrespectively with the initial soil water storage in the corresponding stage.The WUE and yield increased with the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts in 0～150 mm.When micro sprinkler irrigation amount reached 525 mm,the yield increased but WUE decreased.The irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)decreased with increase of irrigation amounts.These findings an provide theoretical basis and technical support for the impacts of water shortage on wheat production system.
In order to effectively cope with the shortage of irrigation water resources and to clarify the soil water storage and consumption characteristics in wheat field under micro sprinkler irrigation,the effects of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts on soil water storage and consumption and water use efficiency(WUE)were studied in Linfen Basin,Shanxi Province,by means of large-scale contrast method.The results showed that the soil water storage in 0—100,0—200and 100—200cm soil layers at greening stage,jointing stage,filling stage and maturity stage increased with the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts.The soil water storage in 0—200cm soil layers from greening stage to maturity stage had significant differences between 150 mm and 75 mm of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts,150 mm and 0mm,and even between 75 mm and 0mm.With the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts from pre-sowing to maturity stage,soil water consumption in 0—100,0—200cm and 100—200cm soil layers decreased.All the proportions of soil water consumption in shallow layer(0—100cm)to the entire 0—200cm were greater than those in deep layer(100—200cm).And the proportions of shallow layer(0—100cm)increased with the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts,while those in deep layer(100—200cm)decreased.The soil water consumption in 0—100and 100—200cm soil layers at different growth stages had positive and negative correlationsrespectively with the initial soil water storage in the corresponding stage.The WUE and yield increased with the increase of micro sprinkler irrigation amounts in 0～150 mm.When micro sprinkler irrigation amount reached 525 mm,the yield increased but WUE decreased.The irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)decreased with increase of irrigation amounts.These findings an provide theoretical basis and technical support for the impacts of water shortage on wheat production system.
引文
[1]杨静敬,蔡焕杰,王健,等.灌水处理对冬小麦生理生长特性等的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(1):52-55.
[2]关军锋,李广敏.施磷对限水灌溉小麦根冠及产量的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):108-111.
[3]郭凌云.限量灌溉条件下不同播期对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010,42(8):44-45.
[4]郭凌云.限量灌溉下不同密度对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010,42(7):51-52.
[5]杨静敬,路振广,邱新强,等.不同灌水定额对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(3):87-89.
[6]于利鹏,黄冠华,刘海军,等.喷灌灌水量对冬小麦生长、耗水与水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2031-2037.
[7]崔欢虎,王娟玲,马步州,等.茬口和灌水对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):479-483.
[8]董志强,张丽华,李谦,等.微喷灌模式下冬小麦产量和水分利用特性[J].作物学报,2016,42(5):725-733.
[9]山仑.植物抗旱生理研究与发展半旱地农业[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(1):1-5.
[10]张卉,程永明,江渊.山西省近49年降水量变化特征及趋势分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(8):197-204.
[11]王裕智,靖华,亢秀丽,等.窄行距条播密植作物微喷带高效节本喷灌方法研究[J].农学学报,2018,8(2):51-54.
[12]段爱旺.水分利用效率的内涵及使用中需要注意的问题[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(1):8-11.
[13]居辉,兰霞,李建民,等.不同灌溉制度下冬小麦产量效应与耗水特征研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(5):23-29.
[14]褚桂红,杨丽霞.非充分灌溉对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(8):54-56,60.
[15]刘庚山,郭安红,任三学,等.人工控制有限供水对冬小麦根系生长及土壤水分利用的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2342-2352.
[16]马瑞昆,贾秀领,蹇家利,等.前期控水条件下冬小麦的根系和群体光合作用特点[J].麦类作物学报,2001,21(2):88-91.
[17]崔欢虎,张松令,闫翠萍,等.黄土高原旱地小麦最佳土壤库容深度模拟研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(4):110-112.
[18]马爱平,亢秀丽,靖华,等.旱地冬小麦茬口、种植模式对土壤贮水、耗水及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):168-171.
[19]曹刚,崔彦生,孟建.春季不同灌水处理对冬小麦产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):466-468.
[2]关军锋,李广敏.施磷对限水灌溉小麦根冠及产量的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(4):108-111.
[3]郭凌云.限量灌溉条件下不同播期对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010,42(8):44-45.
[4]郭凌云.限量灌溉下不同密度对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010,42(7):51-52.
[5]杨静敬,路振广,邱新强,等.不同灌水定额对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(3):87-89.
[6]于利鹏,黄冠华,刘海军,等.喷灌灌水量对冬小麦生长、耗水与水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2031-2037.
[7]崔欢虎,王娟玲,马步州,等.茬口和灌水对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):479-483.
[8]董志强,张丽华,李谦,等.微喷灌模式下冬小麦产量和水分利用特性[J].作物学报,2016,42(5):725-733.
[9]山仑.植物抗旱生理研究与发展半旱地农业[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(1):1-5.
[10]张卉,程永明,江渊.山西省近49年降水量变化特征及趋势分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(8):197-204.
[11]王裕智,靖华,亢秀丽,等.窄行距条播密植作物微喷带高效节本喷灌方法研究[J].农学学报,2018,8(2):51-54.
[12]段爱旺.水分利用效率的内涵及使用中需要注意的问题[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(1):8-11.
[13]居辉,兰霞,李建民,等.不同灌溉制度下冬小麦产量效应与耗水特征研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(5):23-29.
[14]褚桂红,杨丽霞.非充分灌溉对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率影响研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(8):54-56,60.
[15]刘庚山,郭安红,任三学,等.人工控制有限供水对冬小麦根系生长及土壤水分利用的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2342-2352.
[16]马瑞昆,贾秀领,蹇家利,等.前期控水条件下冬小麦的根系和群体光合作用特点[J].麦类作物学报,2001,21(2):88-91.
[17]崔欢虎,张松令,闫翠萍,等.黄土高原旱地小麦最佳土壤库容深度模拟研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(4):110-112.
[18]马爱平,亢秀丽,靖华,等.旱地冬小麦茬口、种植模式对土壤贮水、耗水及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):168-171.
[19]曹刚,崔彦生,孟建.春季不同灌水处理对冬小麦产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):466-468.
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