铁皮石斛不同花期及花朵不同部位活性组分分析
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摘要
铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale花中含有丰富的活性成分,具有重要的开发价值,其中花的采收期和采收部位是影响铁皮石斛花类产品质量的关键因素。以铁皮石斛花苞期、微开期、盛花期全花以及盛花期花的花被、合蕊柱、子房的烘干样品为实验材料,采用苯酚-硫酸法、亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠法及福林酚法,探讨了不同花期铁皮石斛花及盛花期花朵不同部位多糖、总黄酮及总酚质量分数的差异,进而确定了铁皮石斛花的最佳采收期和最佳采收部位。结果表明:(1)不同花期中盛花期铁皮石斛花中多糖质量分数(61.5 mg·g~(-1))与微开期(55.3 mg·g~(-1))及花苞期(45.6 mg·g~(-1))花中多糖质量分数具有显著差异(P<0.05);微开期花中总黄酮质量分数(17.4 mg·g~(-1))显著低于花苞期(19.9 mg·g~(-1))和盛花期(19.2 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05);盛花期花中总酚质量分数(22.2 mg·g~(-1))显著高于微开期(19.6 mg·g~(-1))及花苞期(18.5 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05)。(2)整体而言,盛花期不同部位中花被相应活性组分即多糖、总黄酮、总酚质量分数显著高于合蕊柱及子房,分别为64.5, 24.2及26.5 mg·g~(-1)(P<0.05)。因此从活性组分质量分数方面考虑,盛花期可作为铁皮石斛花采收的最佳时期,花被是最有开发与利用价值的部位。
The flower of Dendrobium officinale has important development value for its rich active ingredients.The harvest time and the harvest parts are the key factors that influence the quality of D. officinale flower products. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total phenols of dried materials at different flowering stages(bud stage, slightly flowering stage, and flourishing flowering stage) and different parts(perianth,gynostemium, and ovary of flower at flourishing flowering stage) were measured by the methods called phenolsulfuric acid method, NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3-NaOH method and Folin-Cioealteau method, and the optimum harvest time and the best harvest parts of D. officinale flower were determined. Results showed that(1) For the different flowering stages, the polysaccharides content in the flourishing flowering stage(61.5 mg·g~(-1)) differed significantly from those in the slightly flowering stage(55.3 mg·g~(-1)) and the bud stage(45.6 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05).The content of total flavonoids in the slightly flowering stage(17.4 mg·g~(-1)) was significantly lower than the bud stage(19.9 mg·g~(-1)) and the flourishing flowering stage(19.2 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05). The content of total phenols in the flourishing flowering stage(22.2 mg·g~(-1)) was significantly higher than the slightly flowering stage(19.6 mg·g~(-1)) and the bud stage(18.5 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05).(2) On the whole, detection of active components in different floral structures at the flourishing flowering stage showed that the contents of polysaccharides(64.5 mg·g~(-1)),total flavonoids(24.2 mg·g~(-1)) and total phenols(26.5 mg·g~(-1)) of perianth were significantly higher than those of gynostemium and ovary, respectively(P<0.05). Consequently, in terms of contents of active components of the D. officinale flower, the flourishing flowering stage was considered as the best harvest time and the perianth was the most valuable part.
The flower of Dendrobium officinale has important development value for its rich active ingredients.The harvest time and the harvest parts are the key factors that influence the quality of D. officinale flower products. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total phenols of dried materials at different flowering stages(bud stage, slightly flowering stage, and flourishing flowering stage) and different parts(perianth,gynostemium, and ovary of flower at flourishing flowering stage) were measured by the methods called phenolsulfuric acid method, NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3-NaOH method and Folin-Cioealteau method, and the optimum harvest time and the best harvest parts of D. officinale flower were determined. Results showed that(1) For the different flowering stages, the polysaccharides content in the flourishing flowering stage(61.5 mg·g~(-1)) differed significantly from those in the slightly flowering stage(55.3 mg·g~(-1)) and the bud stage(45.6 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05).The content of total flavonoids in the slightly flowering stage(17.4 mg·g~(-1)) was significantly lower than the bud stage(19.9 mg·g~(-1)) and the flourishing flowering stage(19.2 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05). The content of total phenols in the flourishing flowering stage(22.2 mg·g~(-1)) was significantly higher than the slightly flowering stage(19.6 mg·g~(-1)) and the bud stage(18.5 mg·g~(-1))(P<0.05).(2) On the whole, detection of active components in different floral structures at the flourishing flowering stage showed that the contents of polysaccharides(64.5 mg·g~(-1)),total flavonoids(24.2 mg·g~(-1)) and total phenols(26.5 mg·g~(-1)) of perianth were significantly higher than those of gynostemium and ovary, respectively(P<0.05). Consequently, in terms of contents of active components of the D. officinale flower, the flourishing flowering stage was considered as the best harvest time and the perianth was the most valuable part.
引文
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[2] WOOD H P. The Dendrobiums[M]. Ruggell:ARG Gantner Verlag KG, 2006.
[3]白音,包英华,金家兴,等.我国药用石斛资源调查研究[J].中草药, 2006, 37(9):1440-1442.BAI Yin, BAO Yinghua, JIN Jiaxing, et al. Study on the resources of medicinal plants of Dendrobium Sw. in China[J]. Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs, 2006, 37(9):1440-1442.
[4]邵曰凤,胡粉青,邹澄,等.石斛属植物化学成分和药理活性研究现状[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2012, 24(S1):152-157, 121.SHAO Yuefeng, HU Fenqing, ZOU Cheng, et al. Advances on studies of chemical constituents and pharmacology of plants from Dendrobium Sw.[J]. Nat Prod Res Dev, 2012, 24(S1):152-157, 121.
[5]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2015.
[6] HUANG Xiaojun, NIE Shaoping, CAI Hailan, et al. Study on Dendrobium officinale O-acetyl-glucomannan(Dendronan):Part IV. Immunomodulatory activity in vivo[J]. J Funct Foods, 2015, 15:525-532.
[7] WEI Wei, LEI Feng, BAO Wanrong, et al. Structure characterization and immunomodulating effects of polysaccharides isolated from Dendrobium officinale[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2016, 64(4):881-889.
[8]吕圭源,颜美秋,陈素红.铁皮石斛功效相关药理作用研究进展[J].中国中药杂志, 2013, 38(4):489-493.L譈Guiyuan, YAN Meiqiu, CHEN Suhong. Review of pharmacological activities of Dendrobium officinale based on traditional functions[J]. China J Chin Mat Med, 2013, 38(4):489-493.
[9]刘晓芳.铁皮石斛快速繁殖体系的优化[D].太原:山西大学, 2017.LIU Xiaofang. Optimization of Rapid Propagation System of Dendrobium candidum[D]. Taiyuan:Shanxi University,2017.
[10]张玲菊,高亭亭,章晓玲,等. 5个种源铁皮石斛的光合特性[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2013, 30(3):359-363.ZHANG Lingju, GAO Tingting, ZHANG Xiaoling, et al. Photosynthetic characteristics of Dendrobium officinale from five provenances[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2013, 30(3):359-363.
[11]诸燕,苑鹤,李国栋,等.铁皮石斛中11种金属元素含量的研究[J].中国中药杂志, 2011, 36(3):356-360.ZHU Yan, YUAN He, LI Guodong, et al. Study on 11 mental element contents in Dendrobium officinale[J]. China J Chin Mat Med, 2011, 36(3):356-360.
[12]李娟,李顺祥,黄丹,等.铁皮石斛资源、化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].科技导报, 2011, 29(18):74-79.LI Juan, LI Shunxiang, HUANG Dan, et al. Advances in the of resources, constituents and pharmacological effects of Dendrobium officinale[J]. Sci Technol Rev, 2011, 29(18):74-79.
[13] TANG Hanxiao, ZHAO Tianwen, SHENG Yunjie, et al. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo:a review on its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and industrialization[J]. Evid-Based Compl Alt, 2017, 10.1155/2017/7436259.
[14]孙恒,胡强,金航,等.铁皮石斛化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2017, 23(11):225-234.SUN Heng, HU Qiang, JIN Hang, et al. Research advances in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Dendrobii officinalis Caulis[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form, 2017, 23(11):225-234.
[15] CAI Hailan, HUANG Xiaojun, NIE Shaoping, et al. Study on Dendrobium officinale O-acetyl-glucomannan(DendronanR):PartⅢ-Immunomodulatory activity in vitro[J]. Bioact Carbohydr Diet Fibre, 2015, 5(2):99-105.
[16] LIU Xiaofei, ZHU Jun, GE Shaoyang, et al. Orally administered Dendrobium officinale and its polysaccharides enhance immune functions in BALB/c mice[J]. Nat Prod Commun, 2011, 6(6):867-870.
[17]黄琴,沈杨霞,张成静,等.铁皮石斛多酚和黄酮含量及与抗氧化活性的相关性[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014, 20(3):438-442.HUANG Qin, SHEN Yangxia, ZHANG Chengjing, et al. Correlation of the antioxidant property with the total phenolic content and total flavonoids of different Dendrobium officinale extracts[J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2014, 20(3):438-442.
[18]周桂芬,吕圭源.铁皮石斛不同部位黄酮碳苷类成分及清除DPPH自由基能力比较研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012, 37(11):1536-1540.ZHOU Guifen, L譈Guiyuan. Comparative studies on scavenging DPPH free radicals activity of flavone C-glycosides from different parts of Dendrobium officinale[J]. China J Chin Mat Med, 2012, 37(11):1536-1540.
[19]吕素华,徐萌,张新凤,等.不同杂交家系铁皮石斛花多糖、浸出物及氨基酸质量分数分析[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2016, 33(5):749-755.L譈Suhua, XU Meng, ZHANG Xinfeng, et al. Polysaccharides, extracts, and amino acids in hybrid Dendrobium officinale flowers[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2016, 33(5):749-755.
[20]张四杰,钱正,刘京晶,等.铁皮石斛花多糖相对分子质量及其单糖组成的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2017, 42(20):3919-3925.ZHANG Sijie, QIAN Zheng, LIU Jingjing, et al. Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers[J]. China J Chin Mat Med, 2017, 42(20):3919-3925.
[21]唐静月,颜美秋,齐芳芳,等.铁皮石斛花总黄酮提取工艺优化及体外抗氧化活性研究[J].浙江中医药大学学报, 2017, 41(3):235-242.TANG Jingyue, YAN Meiqiu, QI Fangfang, et al. Study on optimum extraction of total flavones in Dendrobium officinale flower and its antioxidant activity in vitro[J]. J Zhejiang Chin Med Univ, 2017, 41(3):235-242.
[22]黄秀红,王再花,李杰,等.不同花期石斛花主要营养成分分析与品质比较[J].热带作物学报, 2017, 38(1):45-52.HUANG Xiuhong, WANG Zaihua, LI Jie, et al. Comparative analysis of quality properties and main nutrients in Dendrobium flowers during different flowering phases[J]. Chin J Trop Crops, 2017, 38(1):45-52.
[23]龚庆芳,何金祥,黄宁珍,等.铁皮石斛花化学成分及抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科技, 2014, 39(12):106-110.GONG Qingfang, HE Jinxiang, HUANG Ningzhen, et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities effects of Dendrobium officinale flower[J]. Food Sci Technol, 2014, 39(12):106-110.
[24]张勇.铁皮石斛茎、叶、花多糖理化性质及抗氧化、免疫调节活性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2016.ZHANG Yong. Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from the Stem, Leaf and Flower of Dendrobium candidum[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2016.
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