增温对高寒灌丛土壤呼吸不同组分的影响机制
|
摘要
陆地生态系统土壤呼吸对气候变暖的响应研究方面目前还没有一致的结论,其原因可能为土壤呼吸不同组分对土壤温度变化的敏感性及相应的非生物和生物机制存在显著差异。文章分别从非生物因素和生物因素系统地论述了增温对青藏高原东部窄叶鲜卑花(Sibiraea angustata)高寒灌丛土壤呼吸不同组分的影响机制,发现增温可通过提高土壤微生物群落和植物根系的生理活性直接促进土壤异养呼吸和根系呼吸。同时增温能通过改变非生物因子影响土壤呼吸各组分速率,如增温显著提高土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性,进而间接促进土壤呼吸;而增温引起土壤水分含量较小程度的降低不足以抑制土壤呼吸过程。增温还能通过改变植物群落生产和土壤微生物群落结构等生物因子影响土壤呼吸各组分速率,如增温导致植物细根生产量、死亡量和分解速率提高,非根际土壤微生物生物量与活性增加;增温还导致土壤微生物功能群向革兰氏阳性菌和放线菌群落转变,从而导致土壤微生物对土壤惰性有机碳的利用增加。受根际土壤可利用碳含量较高的影响,根际微生物呼吸对增温的响应不敏感,增温对根际微生物生物量的影响也不显著。由此可见,在青藏高原东部高寒灌丛生态系统中,气候变暖将通过改变非生物与生物因子影响土壤呼吸等碳释放过程。以上结果有利于更加全面地认识全球气候变暖背景下高寒灌丛土壤碳循环过程。
To date, there are no consistent conclusions on the response of soil respiration of terrestrial ecosystem to climatic warming, which s likely due to the significant differences among the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration components and abiotic/biotic factors affecting soil respiration. This study systematically summarized the influencing mechanisms of warming on the soil respiration components in a Sibiraea angustata scrubland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. We found that warming directly increased soil heterotrophic respiration and root respiration due to the significant increase in physiological activity of soil microbial community and plant root system. Simultaneously, warming influenced the rates of soil respiration components by changing the abiotic factors. For example, warming resulted in the significant increase in soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities,which indirectly increased soil respiration. While the decreased soil moisture caused by warming did not enough to inhibit soil respiration. Moreover, warming changed plant community production and soil microbial community structure, such as increased in plant fine root production, mortality and decomposition and soil microbial biomass and activities in the bulk soil, which indirectly influenced soil respiration rates. Furthermore, warming caused the transition of soil microbial functional groups to Gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes. This phenomenon might lead to the acceleration of soil microbial utilization of soil recalcitrant organic carbon. Due to the higher available carbon contents in the rhizosphere soil, warming had no significant effect on rhizomicrobial respiration and rhizomicrobial community. This shows that climatic warming will affect the carbon release process by changing the abiotic/biotic factors relate to soil respiration in the alpine scrubland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. These results will improve our understanding of soil carbon cycling process under global climatic warming in these alpine scrub ecosystems.
To date, there are no consistent conclusions on the response of soil respiration of terrestrial ecosystem to climatic warming, which s likely due to the significant differences among the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration components and abiotic/biotic factors affecting soil respiration. This study systematically summarized the influencing mechanisms of warming on the soil respiration components in a Sibiraea angustata scrubland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. We found that warming directly increased soil heterotrophic respiration and root respiration due to the significant increase in physiological activity of soil microbial community and plant root system. Simultaneously, warming influenced the rates of soil respiration components by changing the abiotic factors. For example, warming resulted in the significant increase in soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities,which indirectly increased soil respiration. While the decreased soil moisture caused by warming did not enough to inhibit soil respiration. Moreover, warming changed plant community production and soil microbial community structure, such as increased in plant fine root production, mortality and decomposition and soil microbial biomass and activities in the bulk soil, which indirectly influenced soil respiration rates. Furthermore, warming caused the transition of soil microbial functional groups to Gram-positive bacteria and actinomycetes. This phenomenon might lead to the acceleration of soil microbial utilization of soil recalcitrant organic carbon. Due to the higher available carbon contents in the rhizosphere soil, warming had no significant effect on rhizomicrobial respiration and rhizomicrobial community. This shows that climatic warming will affect the carbon release process by changing the abiotic/biotic factors relate to soil respiration in the alpine scrubland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. These results will improve our understanding of soil carbon cycling process under global climatic warming in these alpine scrub ecosystems.
引文
ALI R S,INGWERSEN J,DEMYAN M S,et al.,2015.Modelling in situ,activities of enzymes as a tool to explain seasonal variation of soil respiration from agro-ecosystems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,81:291-303.
AVILA J M,GALLARDO A,IBá?EZ B,et al,2016.Quercus suber dieback alters soil respiration and nutrient availability in Mediterranean forests[J].Journal of Ecology,104(5):1441-1452.
BERG A,SHEFFIELD J,MILLY P C D,2017.Divergent surface and total soil moisture projections under global warming[J].Geophysical Research Letters,44(1):236-244.
BOND-LAMBERTY B,BAILEY V L,CHEN M,et al.,2018.Globally rising soil heterotrophic respiration over recent decades[J].Nature,560:80-83.
BRADFORD M A,DAVIES C A,FREY S D,et al.,2008.Thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration to elevated temperature[J].Ecology Letters,11(12):1316-1327.
BURNS R G,DEFOREST J L,MARXSEN J,et al.,2013.Soil enzymes in a changing environment:Current knowledge and future directions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,58:216-234.
CAREY J C,TANG J,TEMPLER P H,et al.,2016.Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,113(48):13797-13802.
CARRILLO Y,BELL C,KOYAMA A,et al.,2017.Plant traits,stoichiometry and microbes as drivers of decomposition in the rhizosphere in a temperate grassland[J].Journal of Ecology,105(6):1750-1765.
CECCON Christian,PANZACCHI P,Scandellari F,et al.,2011.Spatial and temporal effects of soil temperature and moisture and the relation to fine root density on root and soil respiration in a mature apple orchard[J].Plant and Soil,342(1-2):195-206.
DOMíNGUEZ M T,HOLTHOF E,SMITH A R,et al.,2017.Contrasting response of summer soil respiration and enzyme activities to long-term warming and drought in a wet shrubland(NE Wales,UK)[J].Applied Soil Ecology,110:151-155.
DENG B,LI Z,ZHANG L,et al.,2016.Increases in soil CO2 and N2Oemissions with warming depend on plant species in restored alpine meadows of Wugong Mountain,China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,16(3):777-784.
FóTI S,BALOGH J,HERBST M,et al.,2016.Meta-analysis of field scale spatial variability of grassland soil CO2 efflux:Interaction of biotic and abiotic drivers[J].Catena,143:78-89.
GOUGOULIAS C,CLARK J M,SHAW L J,2014.The role of soil microbes in the global carbon cycle:tracking the below-ground microbial processing of plant-derived carbon for manipulating carbon dynamics in agricultural systems[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,94(12):2362-2371.
HASHIMOTO S,CARVALHAI N,ITO A,et al.,2015.Global spatiotemporal distribution of soil respiration modeled using a global database[J].Biogeosciences,12(5):4121-4132.
HILL P,KUZYAKOV Y,JONESD,et al.,2007.Response of root respiration and root exudation to alterations in root C supply and demand in wheat[J].Plant and Soil,291(1-2):131-141.
HURSH A,BALLANTYNE A,COOPER L,et al.,2017.The sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature,moisture,and carbon supply at the global scale[J].Global Change Biology,23(5):2090-2103.
IPCC,2013.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Climate Change2013:The Physical Science Basis[M].New York:Cambridge University Press.
JARVI M P,BURTON A J,2017.Adenylate control contributes to thermal acclimation of sugar maple fine root respiration in experimentally warmed soil[J].Plant Cell and Environment,41(3):504-516.
JIANG J,SHI P,ZONG N,et al.,2015.Climatic patterns modulate ecosystem and soil respiration responses to fertilization in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Ecological Research,30(1):3-13.
JONES D L,HILL P W,SMITH A R,et al.,2018.Role of substrate supply on microbial carbon use efficiency and its role in interpreting soil microbial community level physiological profiles(CLPP)[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,123:1-6.
KUZYAKOV Y,GAVRICHKOVA O,2010.Time lag between photosynthesis and carbon dioxide efflux from soil:A review of mechanisms and controls[J].Global Change Biology,16(12):3386-3406.
LELLEI-KOVáCSA E,BOTTA-DUKáT Z,KALAPOS T,et al.,2011.Thresholds and interactive effects of soil moisture on the temperature response of soil respiration[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,47(4):247-255.
LI Y Y,ZHOU G Y,HUANG W J,et al.,2016.Potential effects of warming on soil respiration and carbon sequestration in a subtropical forest[J].Plant and Soil,409(1-2):247-257.
LI N,WANG G X,YANG Y,et al.,2011.Plant production,and carbon and nitrogen source pools,are strongly intensified by experimental warming in alpine ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43(5):942-953.
LIPSON D A,SHADT C W,SCHMIDT S K,2002.Changes in soil microbial community structure and function in an alpine dry meadow following spring snow melt[J].Microbial Ecology,243(3):307-314.
LIU Y C,LIU S R,WAN S Q,et al.,2016.Effects of experimental throughfall reduction and soil warming on fine root biomass and its decomposition in a warm temperate oak forest[J].Science of the Total Environment,574:1448-1455.
LIU X J A,SUN J R,MAU R L,et al.,2017.Labile carbon input determines the direction and magnitude of the priming effect[J].Applied Soil Ecology,109:7-13.
LYNCH D J,MATAMALA R,IVERSEN C M,et al.,2013.Stored carbon partly fuels fine-root respiration but is not used for production of new fine roots[J].New Phytologist,199(2):420-430.
MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,LIU M,et al.,2018a.Responses of soil respiration and its components to experimental warming in an alpine scrub ecosystem on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,643:1427-1435.
MA Z,ZHAO W,ZHAO C,et al.,2018b.Plants regulate the effects of experimental warming on the soil microbial community in an alpine scrub ecosystem[J].PLoS ONE,13(4):e0195079.
MELILLO J M,FREY S D,DEANGELIS K M,et al.,2017.Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world[J].Science,358(6359):101-105.
METCALFE D B,FISHER R A,WARDLE D A,2011.Plant communities as drivers of soil respiration:pathways,mechanisms,and significance for global change[J].Biogeosciences,8(8):2047-2061.
MIYATANI K,TANIKAWA T,MAKITA N,et al.,2017.Relationships between specific root length and respiration rate of fine roots across stands and seasons in Chamaecyparis obtusa[J].Plant and Soil,423(1-2):1-13.
MOYES A B,BOWLING D R,2016.Plant community composition and phenological stage drive soil carbon cycling along a tree-meadow ecotone[J].Plant and Soil,401(1-2):231-242.
NGUYEN T T,MARSCHNER P,2016.Soil respiration,microbial biomass and nutrient availability in soil after repeated addition of low and high C/N plant residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,52(2):165-176.
PENG F,XU M H,YOU Q G,et al.,2015.Different responses of soil respiration and its components to experimental warming with contrasting soil water content[J].Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research,47(2):359-368.
QIAO M F,XIAO J,YIN H J,et al.,2014.Analysis of the phenolic compounds in root exudates produced by a subalpine coniferous species as responses to experimental warming and nitrogen fertilisation[J].Chemistry and Ecology,30(6):555-565.
RAICH J W,TUFEKCIOGLU A,RUSTAD L E,et al.,2000.Vegetation and soil respiration:correlations and controls[J].Biogeochemistry,48(1):71-90.
REN F,YANG X X,ZHOU H K,et al.,2017.Contrasting effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil respiration in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Scientific Reports,7:39895.
RU J,ZHOU Y,HUI D,et al.,2018.Shifts of growing-season precipitation peaks decrease soil respiration in a semiarid grassland[J].Global Change Biology,24(3):1001-1011.
SHEN Z X,LI Y L,FU G,2015.Response of soil respiration to short-term experimental warming and precipitation pulses over the growing season in an alpine meadow on the Northern Tibet[J].Applied Soil Ecology,90:35-40.
SONG G,AN N,NING Z,et al.,2018.Climate warming impacts on soil organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in a Tibetan alpine meadow[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,116:224-236.
SOUZA R C,SOLLY E F,DAWES M A,et al.,2017.Responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities to experimental warming and CO2enrichment at the alpine treeline[J].Plant and Soil,416(1-2):1-11.
STREIT K,HAGEDORN F,HILTGRUNNER D,et al.,2013.Soil warming alters microbial substrate use in alpine soils[J].Global Change Biology,20(14):1327-1338.
THOMSON A,2010.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record[J].Nature,464(7288):579-582.
TRUMBORE S,COSTA E S D,NEPSTAD D C,et al.,2010.Dynamics of fine root carbon in Amazonian tropical ecosystems and the contribution of roots to soil respiration[J].Global Change Biology,12(2):217-229.
TUCKER C L,YOUNG J M,WILLIAMS D G,et al.,2014.Process-based isotope partitioning of winter soil respiration in a subalpine ecosystem reveals importance of rhizospheric respiration[J].Biogeochemistry,121(2):389-408.
URRUTIA-JALABERT R,MALHI Y,LRAR A,2017.Soil respiration and mass balance estimation of fine root production in Fitzroya cupressoides forests of southern Chile[J].Ecosphere,8(4):e01640.
WANG C T,ZHAO X Q,ZI H B,et al.,2017a.The effect of simulated warming on root dynamics and soil microbial community in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Applied Soil Ecology,116:30-41.
WANG D,HE H L,GAO Q,et al.,2017b.Effects of short-term N addition on soil C fluxes in alpine Sibiraea angustata scrub on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,247:151-158.
WANG D,HE H L,GAO Q,et al.,2017c.Effects of short-term N addition on plant biomass allocation and C and N pools of the Sibiraea angustata scrub ecosystem[J].European Journal of Soil Science,68(2):212-220.
WANG Q,HE N,YU G,et al.,2016.Soil microbial respiration rate and temperature sensitivity along a North-South forest transect in eastern China:Patterns and influencing factors[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,121(2):399-410.
YIN H,Li Y,XIAO J,et al.,2013.Enhanced root exudation stimulates soil nitrogen transformations in a subalpine coniferous forest under experimental warming[J].Global Change Biology,19(7):2158-2167.
YOU G,ZHANG Z,ZHANG R,2018.Temperature adaptability of soil respiration in short-term incubation experiments[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2059-3.
ZHONG Z M,SHEN Z X,FU G,2016.Response of soil respiration to experimental warming in a highland barley of the Tibet[J].Springerplus,5:137.
ZHOU X H,LUO Y Q,GAO C,et al.,2010.Concurrent and lagged impacts of an anomalously warm year on autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration:A deconvolution analysis[J].New Phytologist,187(1):184-198.
ZHANG Z L,QIAO M F,LI D D,et al.,2016.Do warming-induced changes in quantity and stoichiometry of root exudation promote soil transformations via stimulation of soil nitrifiers,denitrifiers and ammonifiers?[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,74:60-68.
ZHOU L,ZHOU X,SHAO J,et al.,2016.Interactive effects of global change factors on soil respiration and its components:A meta-analysis[J].Global Change Biology,22(9):3157-3169.
ZHOU X,CHEN C,WANG Y,et al.,2013.Soil extractable carbon and nitrogen,microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activity in response to warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid Inner Mongolian grassland[J].Geoderma,206(9):24-31.
曹瑞,吴福忠,杨万勤,等,2016.海拔对高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,27(4):1257-1264.CAO R,WU F Z,YANG W Q,et al.,2016.Effects of altitudes on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in alpine-gorge regions[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(4):1257-1264.
陈龙飞,何志斌,杜军,等,2015.土壤碳循环主要过程对气候变暖响应的研究进展[J].草业学报,24(11):183-194.CHEN L F,HE Z B,DU J,et al.,2015.Response of soil carbon cycling to climate warming:Challenges and perspectives[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,24(11):183-194.
蒋铮,肖娟,张子良,等,2018.短期夜间增温对亚高山针叶林云杉幼苗根系分泌物速率和化学成分的影响[J].生态学报,38(9):3086-3096.JIANG Z,XIAO J,ZHANG Z L,et al.,2018.Effects of night-time warming on the rates and main chemical components of root exudates produced by Picea asperata seedlings in subalpine coniferous forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,38(9):3086-3096.
李克让,王绍强,曹明奎,2003.中国植被和土壤碳贮量[J].中国科学,33(1):72-80.LI K R,WANG S Q,CAO M K,2003.Vegetation and soil carbon storage in China[J].Science In China,33(1):72-80.
马志良,2018.川西高寒灌丛优势种窄叶鲜卑花地下碳过程及其对模拟增温的响应[D].成都:四川大学.MA Z L,2018.The underground carbon process and its response to warming of Sibiraea angustata,a dominant species in the alpine scrubland of western Sichuan[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University.
马志良,赵文强,刘美,等,2018a土壤呼吸组分对气候变暖的响应研究进展[J].应用生态学报,29(10):3477-3486.MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,LIU M,et al.,2018a.Research progress on the responses of soil respiration components to climatic warming[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,29(10):3477-3486.
马志良,赵文强,刘美,等,2018c.高寒灌丛生长季土壤转化酶与脲酶活性对增温和植物去除的响应[J].应用生态学报,29(7):2211-2216.MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,LIU M,et al.,2018c.Responses of soil invertase and urease activities to warming and plant removal during the growing season in an alpine scrub ecosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,29(7):2211-2216.
马志良,赵文强,赵春章,等,2018b.青藏高原东缘窄叶鲜卑花高寒灌丛生长季土壤无机氮对增温和植物去除的响应[J].植物生态学报,42(1):86-94.MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,ZHAO C Z,et al.,2018b.Responses of soil inorganic nitrogen to increased temperature and plant removal during the growing season in a Sibiraea angustata scrub ecosystem of eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,42(1):86-94.
秦纪洪,张文宣,王琴,等,2013.亚高山森林土壤酶活性的温度敏感性特征[J].土壤学报,50(6):1241-1245.QIN J H,ZHANG W H,WANG Q,et al.,2013.Temperature sensitivity of enzyme activity in subalpine forest soil in Southwest China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,50(6):1241-1245.
杨林,陈亚梅,和润莲,等,2016.高山森林土壤微生物群落结构和功能对模拟增温的响应[J].应用生态学报,27(9):2855-2863.YANG L,CHEN Y M,HE R L,et al.,2016.Responses of soil microbial community structure and function to simulated warming in alpine forest[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(9):2855-2863.
张丽,吴福忠,徐振锋,等,2017.川西高山森林不同时期土壤转化酶和脲酶活性对模拟气候变暖的响应[J].生态学报,37(16):5352-5360.ZHANG L,WU F Z,XU Z F,et al.,2017.Responses of soil invertase and urease activities in an alpine forest of western Sichuan to simulated climate warming at different critical periods[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(16):5352-5360.
赵艳艳,周华坤,姚步青,等,2015.长期增温对高寒草甸植物群落和土壤养分的影响[J].草地学报,23(4):665-671.ZHAO Y Y,ZHOU H K,YAO B Q,et al.,2015.The influence of long-term simulating warming to the plant community and soil nutrient of alpine meadow[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,23(4):665-671.
AVILA J M,GALLARDO A,IBá?EZ B,et al,2016.Quercus suber dieback alters soil respiration and nutrient availability in Mediterranean forests[J].Journal of Ecology,104(5):1441-1452.
BERG A,SHEFFIELD J,MILLY P C D,2017.Divergent surface and total soil moisture projections under global warming[J].Geophysical Research Letters,44(1):236-244.
BOND-LAMBERTY B,BAILEY V L,CHEN M,et al.,2018.Globally rising soil heterotrophic respiration over recent decades[J].Nature,560:80-83.
BRADFORD M A,DAVIES C A,FREY S D,et al.,2008.Thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration to elevated temperature[J].Ecology Letters,11(12):1316-1327.
BURNS R G,DEFOREST J L,MARXSEN J,et al.,2013.Soil enzymes in a changing environment:Current knowledge and future directions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,58:216-234.
CAREY J C,TANG J,TEMPLER P H,et al.,2016.Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,113(48):13797-13802.
CARRILLO Y,BELL C,KOYAMA A,et al.,2017.Plant traits,stoichiometry and microbes as drivers of decomposition in the rhizosphere in a temperate grassland[J].Journal of Ecology,105(6):1750-1765.
CECCON Christian,PANZACCHI P,Scandellari F,et al.,2011.Spatial and temporal effects of soil temperature and moisture and the relation to fine root density on root and soil respiration in a mature apple orchard[J].Plant and Soil,342(1-2):195-206.
DOMíNGUEZ M T,HOLTHOF E,SMITH A R,et al.,2017.Contrasting response of summer soil respiration and enzyme activities to long-term warming and drought in a wet shrubland(NE Wales,UK)[J].Applied Soil Ecology,110:151-155.
DENG B,LI Z,ZHANG L,et al.,2016.Increases in soil CO2 and N2Oemissions with warming depend on plant species in restored alpine meadows of Wugong Mountain,China[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,16(3):777-784.
FóTI S,BALOGH J,HERBST M,et al.,2016.Meta-analysis of field scale spatial variability of grassland soil CO2 efflux:Interaction of biotic and abiotic drivers[J].Catena,143:78-89.
GOUGOULIAS C,CLARK J M,SHAW L J,2014.The role of soil microbes in the global carbon cycle:tracking the below-ground microbial processing of plant-derived carbon for manipulating carbon dynamics in agricultural systems[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,94(12):2362-2371.
HASHIMOTO S,CARVALHAI N,ITO A,et al.,2015.Global spatiotemporal distribution of soil respiration modeled using a global database[J].Biogeosciences,12(5):4121-4132.
HILL P,KUZYAKOV Y,JONESD,et al.,2007.Response of root respiration and root exudation to alterations in root C supply and demand in wheat[J].Plant and Soil,291(1-2):131-141.
HURSH A,BALLANTYNE A,COOPER L,et al.,2017.The sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature,moisture,and carbon supply at the global scale[J].Global Change Biology,23(5):2090-2103.
IPCC,2013.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Climate Change2013:The Physical Science Basis[M].New York:Cambridge University Press.
JARVI M P,BURTON A J,2017.Adenylate control contributes to thermal acclimation of sugar maple fine root respiration in experimentally warmed soil[J].Plant Cell and Environment,41(3):504-516.
JIANG J,SHI P,ZONG N,et al.,2015.Climatic patterns modulate ecosystem and soil respiration responses to fertilization in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Ecological Research,30(1):3-13.
JONES D L,HILL P W,SMITH A R,et al.,2018.Role of substrate supply on microbial carbon use efficiency and its role in interpreting soil microbial community level physiological profiles(CLPP)[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,123:1-6.
KUZYAKOV Y,GAVRICHKOVA O,2010.Time lag between photosynthesis and carbon dioxide efflux from soil:A review of mechanisms and controls[J].Global Change Biology,16(12):3386-3406.
LELLEI-KOVáCSA E,BOTTA-DUKáT Z,KALAPOS T,et al.,2011.Thresholds and interactive effects of soil moisture on the temperature response of soil respiration[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,47(4):247-255.
LI Y Y,ZHOU G Y,HUANG W J,et al.,2016.Potential effects of warming on soil respiration and carbon sequestration in a subtropical forest[J].Plant and Soil,409(1-2):247-257.
LI N,WANG G X,YANG Y,et al.,2011.Plant production,and carbon and nitrogen source pools,are strongly intensified by experimental warming in alpine ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43(5):942-953.
LIPSON D A,SHADT C W,SCHMIDT S K,2002.Changes in soil microbial community structure and function in an alpine dry meadow following spring snow melt[J].Microbial Ecology,243(3):307-314.
LIU Y C,LIU S R,WAN S Q,et al.,2016.Effects of experimental throughfall reduction and soil warming on fine root biomass and its decomposition in a warm temperate oak forest[J].Science of the Total Environment,574:1448-1455.
LIU X J A,SUN J R,MAU R L,et al.,2017.Labile carbon input determines the direction and magnitude of the priming effect[J].Applied Soil Ecology,109:7-13.
LYNCH D J,MATAMALA R,IVERSEN C M,et al.,2013.Stored carbon partly fuels fine-root respiration but is not used for production of new fine roots[J].New Phytologist,199(2):420-430.
MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,LIU M,et al.,2018a.Responses of soil respiration and its components to experimental warming in an alpine scrub ecosystem on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Science of the Total Environment,643:1427-1435.
MA Z,ZHAO W,ZHAO C,et al.,2018b.Plants regulate the effects of experimental warming on the soil microbial community in an alpine scrub ecosystem[J].PLoS ONE,13(4):e0195079.
MELILLO J M,FREY S D,DEANGELIS K M,et al.,2017.Long-term pattern and magnitude of soil carbon feedback to the climate system in a warming world[J].Science,358(6359):101-105.
METCALFE D B,FISHER R A,WARDLE D A,2011.Plant communities as drivers of soil respiration:pathways,mechanisms,and significance for global change[J].Biogeosciences,8(8):2047-2061.
MIYATANI K,TANIKAWA T,MAKITA N,et al.,2017.Relationships between specific root length and respiration rate of fine roots across stands and seasons in Chamaecyparis obtusa[J].Plant and Soil,423(1-2):1-13.
MOYES A B,BOWLING D R,2016.Plant community composition and phenological stage drive soil carbon cycling along a tree-meadow ecotone[J].Plant and Soil,401(1-2):231-242.
NGUYEN T T,MARSCHNER P,2016.Soil respiration,microbial biomass and nutrient availability in soil after repeated addition of low and high C/N plant residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,52(2):165-176.
PENG F,XU M H,YOU Q G,et al.,2015.Different responses of soil respiration and its components to experimental warming with contrasting soil water content[J].Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research,47(2):359-368.
QIAO M F,XIAO J,YIN H J,et al.,2014.Analysis of the phenolic compounds in root exudates produced by a subalpine coniferous species as responses to experimental warming and nitrogen fertilisation[J].Chemistry and Ecology,30(6):555-565.
RAICH J W,TUFEKCIOGLU A,RUSTAD L E,et al.,2000.Vegetation and soil respiration:correlations and controls[J].Biogeochemistry,48(1):71-90.
REN F,YANG X X,ZHOU H K,et al.,2017.Contrasting effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil respiration in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Scientific Reports,7:39895.
RU J,ZHOU Y,HUI D,et al.,2018.Shifts of growing-season precipitation peaks decrease soil respiration in a semiarid grassland[J].Global Change Biology,24(3):1001-1011.
SHEN Z X,LI Y L,FU G,2015.Response of soil respiration to short-term experimental warming and precipitation pulses over the growing season in an alpine meadow on the Northern Tibet[J].Applied Soil Ecology,90:35-40.
SONG G,AN N,NING Z,et al.,2018.Climate warming impacts on soil organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in a Tibetan alpine meadow[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,116:224-236.
SOUZA R C,SOLLY E F,DAWES M A,et al.,2017.Responses of soil extracellular enzyme activities to experimental warming and CO2enrichment at the alpine treeline[J].Plant and Soil,416(1-2):1-11.
STREIT K,HAGEDORN F,HILTGRUNNER D,et al.,2013.Soil warming alters microbial substrate use in alpine soils[J].Global Change Biology,20(14):1327-1338.
THOMSON A,2010.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record[J].Nature,464(7288):579-582.
TRUMBORE S,COSTA E S D,NEPSTAD D C,et al.,2010.Dynamics of fine root carbon in Amazonian tropical ecosystems and the contribution of roots to soil respiration[J].Global Change Biology,12(2):217-229.
TUCKER C L,YOUNG J M,WILLIAMS D G,et al.,2014.Process-based isotope partitioning of winter soil respiration in a subalpine ecosystem reveals importance of rhizospheric respiration[J].Biogeochemistry,121(2):389-408.
URRUTIA-JALABERT R,MALHI Y,LRAR A,2017.Soil respiration and mass balance estimation of fine root production in Fitzroya cupressoides forests of southern Chile[J].Ecosphere,8(4):e01640.
WANG C T,ZHAO X Q,ZI H B,et al.,2017a.The effect of simulated warming on root dynamics and soil microbial community in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Applied Soil Ecology,116:30-41.
WANG D,HE H L,GAO Q,et al.,2017b.Effects of short-term N addition on soil C fluxes in alpine Sibiraea angustata scrub on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,247:151-158.
WANG D,HE H L,GAO Q,et al.,2017c.Effects of short-term N addition on plant biomass allocation and C and N pools of the Sibiraea angustata scrub ecosystem[J].European Journal of Soil Science,68(2):212-220.
WANG Q,HE N,YU G,et al.,2016.Soil microbial respiration rate and temperature sensitivity along a North-South forest transect in eastern China:Patterns and influencing factors[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,121(2):399-410.
YIN H,Li Y,XIAO J,et al.,2013.Enhanced root exudation stimulates soil nitrogen transformations in a subalpine coniferous forest under experimental warming[J].Global Change Biology,19(7):2158-2167.
YOU G,ZHANG Z,ZHANG R,2018.Temperature adaptability of soil respiration in short-term incubation experiments[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2059-3.
ZHONG Z M,SHEN Z X,FU G,2016.Response of soil respiration to experimental warming in a highland barley of the Tibet[J].Springerplus,5:137.
ZHOU X H,LUO Y Q,GAO C,et al.,2010.Concurrent and lagged impacts of an anomalously warm year on autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration:A deconvolution analysis[J].New Phytologist,187(1):184-198.
ZHANG Z L,QIAO M F,LI D D,et al.,2016.Do warming-induced changes in quantity and stoichiometry of root exudation promote soil transformations via stimulation of soil nitrifiers,denitrifiers and ammonifiers?[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,74:60-68.
ZHOU L,ZHOU X,SHAO J,et al.,2016.Interactive effects of global change factors on soil respiration and its components:A meta-analysis[J].Global Change Biology,22(9):3157-3169.
ZHOU X,CHEN C,WANG Y,et al.,2013.Soil extractable carbon and nitrogen,microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activity in response to warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid Inner Mongolian grassland[J].Geoderma,206(9):24-31.
曹瑞,吴福忠,杨万勤,等,2016.海拔对高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,27(4):1257-1264.CAO R,WU F Z,YANG W Q,et al.,2016.Effects of altitudes on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in alpine-gorge regions[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(4):1257-1264.
陈龙飞,何志斌,杜军,等,2015.土壤碳循环主要过程对气候变暖响应的研究进展[J].草业学报,24(11):183-194.CHEN L F,HE Z B,DU J,et al.,2015.Response of soil carbon cycling to climate warming:Challenges and perspectives[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,24(11):183-194.
蒋铮,肖娟,张子良,等,2018.短期夜间增温对亚高山针叶林云杉幼苗根系分泌物速率和化学成分的影响[J].生态学报,38(9):3086-3096.JIANG Z,XIAO J,ZHANG Z L,et al.,2018.Effects of night-time warming on the rates and main chemical components of root exudates produced by Picea asperata seedlings in subalpine coniferous forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,38(9):3086-3096.
李克让,王绍强,曹明奎,2003.中国植被和土壤碳贮量[J].中国科学,33(1):72-80.LI K R,WANG S Q,CAO M K,2003.Vegetation and soil carbon storage in China[J].Science In China,33(1):72-80.
马志良,2018.川西高寒灌丛优势种窄叶鲜卑花地下碳过程及其对模拟增温的响应[D].成都:四川大学.MA Z L,2018.The underground carbon process and its response to warming of Sibiraea angustata,a dominant species in the alpine scrubland of western Sichuan[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University.
马志良,赵文强,刘美,等,2018a土壤呼吸组分对气候变暖的响应研究进展[J].应用生态学报,29(10):3477-3486.MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,LIU M,et al.,2018a.Research progress on the responses of soil respiration components to climatic warming[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,29(10):3477-3486.
马志良,赵文强,刘美,等,2018c.高寒灌丛生长季土壤转化酶与脲酶活性对增温和植物去除的响应[J].应用生态学报,29(7):2211-2216.MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,LIU M,et al.,2018c.Responses of soil invertase and urease activities to warming and plant removal during the growing season in an alpine scrub ecosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,29(7):2211-2216.
马志良,赵文强,赵春章,等,2018b.青藏高原东缘窄叶鲜卑花高寒灌丛生长季土壤无机氮对增温和植物去除的响应[J].植物生态学报,42(1):86-94.MA Z L,ZHAO W Q,ZHAO C Z,et al.,2018b.Responses of soil inorganic nitrogen to increased temperature and plant removal during the growing season in a Sibiraea angustata scrub ecosystem of eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,42(1):86-94.
秦纪洪,张文宣,王琴,等,2013.亚高山森林土壤酶活性的温度敏感性特征[J].土壤学报,50(6):1241-1245.QIN J H,ZHANG W H,WANG Q,et al.,2013.Temperature sensitivity of enzyme activity in subalpine forest soil in Southwest China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,50(6):1241-1245.
杨林,陈亚梅,和润莲,等,2016.高山森林土壤微生物群落结构和功能对模拟增温的响应[J].应用生态学报,27(9):2855-2863.YANG L,CHEN Y M,HE R L,et al.,2016.Responses of soil microbial community structure and function to simulated warming in alpine forest[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(9):2855-2863.
张丽,吴福忠,徐振锋,等,2017.川西高山森林不同时期土壤转化酶和脲酶活性对模拟气候变暖的响应[J].生态学报,37(16):5352-5360.ZHANG L,WU F Z,XU Z F,et al.,2017.Responses of soil invertase and urease activities in an alpine forest of western Sichuan to simulated climate warming at different critical periods[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(16):5352-5360.
赵艳艳,周华坤,姚步青,等,2015.长期增温对高寒草甸植物群落和土壤养分的影响[J].草地学报,23(4):665-671.ZHAO Y Y,ZHOU H K,YAO B Q,et al.,2015.The influence of long-term simulating warming to the plant community and soil nutrient of alpine meadow[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,23(4):665-671.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |