铝胁迫对油菜根系形态和生理指标的影响
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摘要
为探讨油菜幼苗在不同浓度铝胁迫下的生理响应,以2个耐铝毒差异显著的油菜品种(耐铝品种R178和铝敏感品种S169)为试验材料,在营养液培养条件下,共设置0(对照)、50、100、150、200和300μmol·L~(-1)6个铝(pH值4. 5)处理,研究铝胁迫对油菜根系形态及生理指标的影响。结果表明,50μmol·L~(-1)铝处理下R178各根系形态指标与对照相比均无显著差异,而S169根系各形态指标与对照均差异显著,其中总根尖数随着铝处理浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,其他根系指标均随着铝处理浓度的增加呈逐渐减少的趋势,300μmol·L~(-1)铝处理下,2个品种的主根相对伸长率较对照分别减少65. 7%和79. 7%。随着铝处理浓度的增加,2个品种幼苗根系中可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,叶片中可溶性蛋白含量呈降低趋势,而脯氨酸含量则呈升高的趋势。铝胁迫导致2个品种幼苗根系和叶片的质膜透性显著增加,300μmol·L~(-1)铝处理下R178和S169根系相对电解质外渗率较对照分别增加54%和59%,叶片中分别增加82%和90%,同一处理下R178根系和叶片电解质外渗率均小于S169。随着铝处理浓度的增加,2个品种根系中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先增加后降低的趋势; R178叶片中SOD活性呈增加趋势,而S169则呈先增加后降低的趋势,且在200μmol·L~(-1)时达到最大值; 2个品种叶片中的POD、CAT和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均呈先增加后降低的趋势。综上,铝胁迫显著抑制了油菜根系生长,破坏了细胞质膜的完整性,油菜幼苗通过蛋白质和脯氨酸含量的积累以及保护酶活性的增高抵抗铝胁迫。本研究结果为耐铝油菜资源筛选和新品种选育提供了理论依据。
In order to explore the physiological response of Brassica napus at seedling stage under aluminum stress,in this study,two oilseed rape varieties with significant difference in aluminum toxicity tolerance of R178( Al-resistant)and S169( Al-sensitive) as experimental materials were cultured in the nutrient solution to measure morphological and physiological indexes after 4 weeks with treatments of 0,50,100,150,200 and 300 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum( p H 4.5).The results showed that the main root length,total root length,total root surface area,root average diameter and total root volume of R178 had no significant difference in 50 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum,while compared with the control group,the root-related morphological indexes of S169 had significant difference. In addition,the total number of root tips increased first and then decreased with the increase of aluminum treatment concentration,and other morphology parameters decreased continually with the increase of aluminumconcentration; Under the treatment of 300 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum,the relative elongation of the main root decreased 65.7% and 79.7%,respectively,in the two varieties than the control group. The content of soluble protein and proline in the seedlings roots of the two varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of aluminum concentration,with the content of soluble protein decreased and proline increased in leaves with the increase of aluminum concentration,respectively. Under aluminum stress,the plasma membrane permeability of decrease both roots and leaves at seedling stage of two varieties increased significantly,under the treatment of 300 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum concentration,the relative electrolyte exosmosis rate in roots of R178 and S169 increased by 54% and 59%,and in leaves increased by 82% and 90%,respectively. Under the same treatment,the electrolyte exosmosis rate of R178 roots and leaves was lower than that of S169. The activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT) in the roots of two varieties first increased and then decreased with the increase of aluminum concentration. SOD activity in R178 leaves increased with the increase of aluminum concentration,SOD activity in leaves of S169 first increased and then decreased and when the aluminum concentration is 200μmol·L~(-1),it reached the maximum value. The activities of POD,CAT and APX in the leaves of two varieties showed the same trend that increased first and then decreased with the increase of aluminum concentration. The results showed that aluminum stress inhibited root growth significantly and damaged the integrity of cytoplasmic membrane of rapeseed.Rape seedlings resist aluminum stress by accumulating the protein and proline content and increasing protective enzyme activity. These results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of resources and breeding of new cultivars of aluminum-tolerant rapeseed.
In order to explore the physiological response of Brassica napus at seedling stage under aluminum stress,in this study,two oilseed rape varieties with significant difference in aluminum toxicity tolerance of R178( Al-resistant)and S169( Al-sensitive) as experimental materials were cultured in the nutrient solution to measure morphological and physiological indexes after 4 weeks with treatments of 0,50,100,150,200 and 300 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum( p H 4.5).The results showed that the main root length,total root length,total root surface area,root average diameter and total root volume of R178 had no significant difference in 50 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum,while compared with the control group,the root-related morphological indexes of S169 had significant difference. In addition,the total number of root tips increased first and then decreased with the increase of aluminum treatment concentration,and other morphology parameters decreased continually with the increase of aluminumconcentration; Under the treatment of 300 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum,the relative elongation of the main root decreased 65.7% and 79.7%,respectively,in the two varieties than the control group. The content of soluble protein and proline in the seedlings roots of the two varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of aluminum concentration,with the content of soluble protein decreased and proline increased in leaves with the increase of aluminum concentration,respectively. Under aluminum stress,the plasma membrane permeability of decrease both roots and leaves at seedling stage of two varieties increased significantly,under the treatment of 300 μmol·L~(-1) aluminum concentration,the relative electrolyte exosmosis rate in roots of R178 and S169 increased by 54% and 59%,and in leaves increased by 82% and 90%,respectively. Under the same treatment,the electrolyte exosmosis rate of R178 roots and leaves was lower than that of S169. The activities of superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT) in the roots of two varieties first increased and then decreased with the increase of aluminum concentration. SOD activity in R178 leaves increased with the increase of aluminum concentration,SOD activity in leaves of S169 first increased and then decreased and when the aluminum concentration is 200μmol·L~(-1),it reached the maximum value. The activities of POD,CAT and APX in the leaves of two varieties showed the same trend that increased first and then decreased with the increase of aluminum concentration. The results showed that aluminum stress inhibited root growth significantly and damaged the integrity of cytoplasmic membrane of rapeseed.Rape seedlings resist aluminum stress by accumulating the protein and proline content and increasing protective enzyme activity. These results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of resources and breeding of new cultivars of aluminum-tolerant rapeseed.
引文
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[11]Lofton J,Godsey C B,Zhang H.Determining aluminum tolerance and critical soil pH for winter canola production for acidic soils in temperate regions[J].Agronomy Journal,2010,102(1):327-332
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[13]刘强,李晓红,李蕴,肖宜安.铝胁迫对油菜叶片光合特性的影响[J].井冈山学院学报,2008,29(2):14-15,54
[14]王志颖,刘鹏,李锦山,吴惠芳,郑赟,汪艳婷,徐艳.铝胁迫对油菜生长及叶绿素荧光参数、代谢酶的影响[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(4):452-458
[15]Xu G,Wu Y,Liu D,Wang Y,Zhang Y,Liu P.Effects of organic acids on uptake of nutritional elements and Al forms in Brassica napus L.under Al stress as analyzed by 27Al-NMR[J].Brazilian Journal of Botany,2016,39(1):1-8
[16]Zhou Q H,Zhou C,Zheng W,Mason A,Fan S Y,Wu C J,Fu DH,Huang Y J.Genome-wide SNP markers based on SLAF-Seq uncover breeding traces in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:648-663
[17]刘士哲.现代实用无土栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:67-141
[18]蔡庆生.植物生理学实验[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013:174-182
[19]侯福林.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:99-108
[20]杨升,张华新,陈秋夏,杨秀艳.Na Cl胁迫下不同种源沙枣的生理特性[J].核农学报,2015,29(11):2215-2223
[21]陈杭君,王翠红,郜海燕,毛金林,周拥军.不同包装方法对蓝莓采后贮藏品质和抗氧化活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1230-1236
[22]周拥军,郜海燕,陈杭君,陶菲,房祥军.减压贮藏对杏鲍菇采后活性氧代谢的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(6):1108-1113
[23]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:182-185
[24]陈泰林,钱春梅,张建军,徐健,彭新湘.植物铝胁迫响应机制的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2010,30(2):37-48
[25]Schmohl N,Horst W J.Cell-wall Composition Modulates Aluminium Toxicity[M].Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001:262-263
[26]SilvaⅠR,Smyth T J,Moxley D F,Carter T E,Allen N S,Rufty T W.Aluminum accumulation at nuclei of cells in the root tip.Fluorescence detection using lumogallion and confocal laser scanning microscopy[J].Plant Physiology,2000,123(2):543-552
[27]熊洁,邹小云,陈伦林,李书宇,邹晓芬,宋来强.油菜苗期耐铝基因型筛选和鉴定指标的研究[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(16):3112-3120
[28]崔雪梅,简君萌,李春生.铝胁迫对油菜根系及叶片生理生化指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):107-109
[29]周楠,韦冬萍,刘鹏,蔡妙珍,徐根娣,李志刚,梁和.铝毒胁迫对两种基因型油菜苗期根系形态及生理特性的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):443-449
[30]崔雪梅,郭海如,李春生,简君萌.基于主成分分析的油菜幼苗铝毒机制研究[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(5):52-55
[31]肖志华,张义贤,张喜文,李萍.外源铅、铜胁迫对不同基因型谷子幼苗生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):889-897
[32]赵森,于江辉,肖国樱.高温胁迫对爪哇稻剑叶光合特性和渗透调节物质的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(1):110-115
[33]Matsumoto H.Cell biology of aluminum toxicity and tolerance in higher plants[J].International Review of Cytology,2000,200:1-46
[34]Almeselmani M,Deshmukh P S,Sairam R K,Kushwaha S R,Singh T P.Protective role of antioxidant enzymes under high temperature stress[J].Plant Science,2006,171(3):382-388
[35]史鹏辉,孙万仓,赵彩霞.低温下抗氧化酶活性与冬油菜根细胞结冰关系的初步研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):329-335
[36]丁玲,吴雪,杜长霞,徐艳丽,樊怀福.短期干旱胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(2):285-290
[37]李泽琴,李静晓,张根发.植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的表达调控以及对非生物胁迫的耐受作用[J].遗传,2013,35(1):45-54
[38]王志颖,刘鹏.柠檬酸抑制剂对铝胁迫下油菜抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(5):957-966
[39]韦冬萍,刘鹏,徐根娣,蔡妙珍.油菜叶片保护酶活性、丙二醛及脯氨酸对铝胁迫的响应[J].中国粮油学报,2008(5):107-111
[2]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:95-148
[3]朱安繁,邵华,张龙华.江西省耕地土壤酸化现状与改良措施[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(4):43-45
[4]Ma J F,Ryan P R.Foreword:Understanding how plants cope with acid soils[J].Functional Plant Biology,2010,37(4):3-6
[5]孔繁翔,桑伟莲,蒋新,王连生.铝对植物毒害及植物抗铝作用机理[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):855-862
[6]Kochian L V.Cellular mechanisms of aluminum toxicity and resistance in plants[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,1995,46:237-260
[7]Kochian L V,Hoekenga O A,Pineros M A.How do crop plants tolerate acid soils?Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2004,55(6):459-493
[8]Chen L S.Physiological responses and tolerance of plant shoot to aluminum toxicity[J].Journal of Plant Physiology Molecular Biology,2006,32(2):143-155
[9]周娟,袁珍贵,郭莉莉,屠乃美,易镇邪,李海林,江巨鳌.土壤酸化对作物生长发育的影响及改良措施[J].作物研究,2013,27(1):96-102
[10]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2014:368-392
[11]Lofton J,Godsey C B,Zhang H.Determining aluminum tolerance and critical soil pH for winter canola production for acidic soils in temperate regions[J].Agronomy Journal,2010,102(1):327-332
[12]黄邦全,薛小桥,白景华.不同油菜品种耐铝性比较研究[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(4):373-376
[13]刘强,李晓红,李蕴,肖宜安.铝胁迫对油菜叶片光合特性的影响[J].井冈山学院学报,2008,29(2):14-15,54
[14]王志颖,刘鹏,李锦山,吴惠芳,郑赟,汪艳婷,徐艳.铝胁迫对油菜生长及叶绿素荧光参数、代谢酶的影响[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(4):452-458
[15]Xu G,Wu Y,Liu D,Wang Y,Zhang Y,Liu P.Effects of organic acids on uptake of nutritional elements and Al forms in Brassica napus L.under Al stress as analyzed by 27Al-NMR[J].Brazilian Journal of Botany,2016,39(1):1-8
[16]Zhou Q H,Zhou C,Zheng W,Mason A,Fan S Y,Wu C J,Fu DH,Huang Y J.Genome-wide SNP markers based on SLAF-Seq uncover breeding traces in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:648-663
[17]刘士哲.现代实用无土栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:67-141
[18]蔡庆生.植物生理学实验[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013:174-182
[19]侯福林.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:99-108
[20]杨升,张华新,陈秋夏,杨秀艳.Na Cl胁迫下不同种源沙枣的生理特性[J].核农学报,2015,29(11):2215-2223
[21]陈杭君,王翠红,郜海燕,毛金林,周拥军.不同包装方法对蓝莓采后贮藏品质和抗氧化活性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1230-1236
[22]周拥军,郜海燕,陈杭君,陶菲,房祥军.减压贮藏对杏鲍菇采后活性氧代谢的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(6):1108-1113
[23]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:182-185
[24]陈泰林,钱春梅,张建军,徐健,彭新湘.植物铝胁迫响应机制的研究进展[J].热带农业科学,2010,30(2):37-48
[25]Schmohl N,Horst W J.Cell-wall Composition Modulates Aluminium Toxicity[M].Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001:262-263
[26]SilvaⅠR,Smyth T J,Moxley D F,Carter T E,Allen N S,Rufty T W.Aluminum accumulation at nuclei of cells in the root tip.Fluorescence detection using lumogallion and confocal laser scanning microscopy[J].Plant Physiology,2000,123(2):543-552
[27]熊洁,邹小云,陈伦林,李书宇,邹晓芬,宋来强.油菜苗期耐铝基因型筛选和鉴定指标的研究[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(16):3112-3120
[28]崔雪梅,简君萌,李春生.铝胁迫对油菜根系及叶片生理生化指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):107-109
[29]周楠,韦冬萍,刘鹏,蔡妙珍,徐根娣,李志刚,梁和.铝毒胁迫对两种基因型油菜苗期根系形态及生理特性的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,30(4):443-449
[30]崔雪梅,郭海如,李春生,简君萌.基于主成分分析的油菜幼苗铝毒机制研究[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(5):52-55
[31]肖志华,张义贤,张喜文,李萍.外源铅、铜胁迫对不同基因型谷子幼苗生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):889-897
[32]赵森,于江辉,肖国樱.高温胁迫对爪哇稻剑叶光合特性和渗透调节物质的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(1):110-115
[33]Matsumoto H.Cell biology of aluminum toxicity and tolerance in higher plants[J].International Review of Cytology,2000,200:1-46
[34]Almeselmani M,Deshmukh P S,Sairam R K,Kushwaha S R,Singh T P.Protective role of antioxidant enzymes under high temperature stress[J].Plant Science,2006,171(3):382-388
[35]史鹏辉,孙万仓,赵彩霞.低温下抗氧化酶活性与冬油菜根细胞结冰关系的初步研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):329-335
[36]丁玲,吴雪,杜长霞,徐艳丽,樊怀福.短期干旱胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(2):285-290
[37]李泽琴,李静晓,张根发.植物抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的表达调控以及对非生物胁迫的耐受作用[J].遗传,2013,35(1):45-54
[38]王志颖,刘鹏.柠檬酸抑制剂对铝胁迫下油菜抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,29(5):957-966
[39]韦冬萍,刘鹏,徐根娣,蔡妙珍.油菜叶片保护酶活性、丙二醛及脯氨酸对铝胁迫的响应[J].中国粮油学报,2008(5):107-111
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