不同模式农地整治的收入分配效应及其区域差异
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摘要
基于湖北省江汉平原天门市和潜江市、武陵山区宣恩县和咸丰市483份农户调查数据,采用分位数倍差法评价不同模式农地整治的收入分配效应及其区域差异。研究结果表明:1)地方政府主导模式和新型农业经营主体主导模式的农地整治主要通过增加农户非农收入,进而恶化收入分配状况,且新型农业经营主体主导模式收入分配恶化效应大于地方政府主导模式;2)地方政府主导模式对农业收入分配的影响不受地貌类型的制约,而新型农业经营主体主导模式对农业收入分配的影响受地貌类型的制约。其中,新型农业经营主体主导模式会显著增加平原中高和最高收入组农户农业收入,而对山区不同收入组别农户农业收入均没有显著影响。因此,建议继续大力实施地方政府主导模式和新型农业经营主体主导模式的农地整治,重视非农就业对缩小农户收入差距的作用,因地制宜调整优化农业产业结构,以增加农户收入和缩小收入差距。
Based on a survey data of 483 farmers of Tianmen City and Qianjiang City in Jianghan Plain, Xuan'en County and Xianfeng County in Wuling Mountain area of Hubei Province, and applying the quantile and difference-indifferences(DID) model, this paper evaluated the impacts of the rural land consolidation projects(RLCP) in different modes on income distribution and its regional difference. Results indicate that: 1) the local government-dominant mode and the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP deteriorated income distribution by increasing non-agricultural income, and the deteriorating effects of the latter were significantly higher than that of the former; and 2) the impacts of the local government-dominant mode RLCP on agricultural income distribution were not affected by geomorphic condition, while the impacts of the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP on agricultural income distribution were positively affected by geomorphic condition. The new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP significantly increased the agricultural income of the middle-high and the highest income groups of Jianghan Plain, while it had no significant impacts on the agricultural income of different income groups of Wuling Mountain area. Therefore, this paper suggests to continue and promote the local government-dominant mode and the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP, to pay more attention to the role of nonagricultural employment in narrowing the income gap, and to adjust and optimize agricultural structure according to local conditions to increase farmers' income.
Based on a survey data of 483 farmers of Tianmen City and Qianjiang City in Jianghan Plain, Xuan'en County and Xianfeng County in Wuling Mountain area of Hubei Province, and applying the quantile and difference-indifferences(DID) model, this paper evaluated the impacts of the rural land consolidation projects(RLCP) in different modes on income distribution and its regional difference. Results indicate that: 1) the local government-dominant mode and the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP deteriorated income distribution by increasing non-agricultural income, and the deteriorating effects of the latter were significantly higher than that of the former; and 2) the impacts of the local government-dominant mode RLCP on agricultural income distribution were not affected by geomorphic condition, while the impacts of the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP on agricultural income distribution were positively affected by geomorphic condition. The new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP significantly increased the agricultural income of the middle-high and the highest income groups of Jianghan Plain, while it had no significant impacts on the agricultural income of different income groups of Wuling Mountain area. Therefore, this paper suggests to continue and promote the local government-dominant mode and the new agricultural management entities-dominant mode RLCP, to pay more attention to the role of nonagricultural employment in narrowing the income gap, and to adjust and optimize agricultural structure according to local conditions to increase farmers' income.
引文
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[21]李长生,张文棋.信贷约束对农户收入的影响——基于分位数回归的分析[J].农业技术经济,2015(8):43-52.Li C S,Zhang W Q.Impact of credit constraints on farmers’income based on quantile regression[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2015(8):43-52.
[22]汪文雄,朱欣,余利红,等.不同模式下农地整治前后土地利用效率的比较研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1104-1117.Wang W X,Zhu X,Yu L H,et al.Comparative study on land use efficiency before and after rural land consolidation in different modes[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(7):1104-1117.
[23]唐秀美,潘瑜春,刘玉,等.中国耕地整治投资实施模式与路径分析[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(8):56-62.Tang X M,Pan Y C,Liu Y,et al.The investment and implementation model and path analysis of cultivated land consolidation in China[J].China Land Science,2016,30(8):56-62.
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[28]Wolldridge J M.Introductory econometrics:A modern approach[M].Kansas:South-Western College Publishing,2012:284,507.
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[2]朱诗娥,杨汝岱,吴比.中国农村家庭收入流动:1986~2017年[J].管理世界,2018(10):63-72.Zhu S E,Yang R D,Wu B.Household income mobility in rural China:Evidence based on panel data from 1986 to 2017[J].Management World,2018(10):63-72.
[3]国家统计局住户调查办公室.中国住户调查年鉴2012[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.Department of Household Surveys National Bureau of Statistics of China.China Yearbook of Household Survey 2012[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2012.
[4]国家统计局住户调查办公室.中国住户调查年鉴2018[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.Department of Household Surveys National Bureau of Statistics of China.China Yearbook of Household Survey 2018[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2018.
[5]Zhang Y,Wan G H.The impact of growth and inequality on rural poverty in China[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2006,34(4):694-712.
[6]江克忠,刘生龙.收入结构、收入不平等与农村家庭贫困[J].中国农村经济,2017(8):77-92.Jiang K Z,Liu S L.Income structure,income inequality and rural family poverty[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2017(8):77-92.
[7]许庆,田士超,徐志刚,等.农地制度、土地细碎化与农民收入不平等[J].经济研究,2008(2):83-92.Xu Q,Tian S C,Xu Z G,et al.Rural land System,land fragmentation and farmer’s income inequality[J].Economic Research Journal,2008(2):83-92.
[8]Manjunatha A V,Anik A R,Speelman S,et al.Impact of land fragmentation,farm size,land ownership and crop diversity on profit and efficiency of irrigated farms in India[J].Land Use Policy,2013,31(31):397-405.
[9]程名望,Jin Yanhong,盖庆恩,等.农村减贫:应该更关注教育还是健康?——基于收入增长和差距缩小双重视角的实证[J].经济研究,2014(11):130-144.Cheng M W,Jin Y H,Gai Q E,et al.Focusing on education or health improvement for anti-poverty in rural China:Evidence from national household panel data[J].Economic Research Journal,2014(11):130-144.
[10]程名望,盖庆恩,Jin Yanhong,等.人力资本积累与农户收入增长[J].经济研究,2016(1):168-181,192.Cheng M W,Gai Q E,Jin Y H,et al.Focusing on human capital improvement and income growth[J].Economic Research Journal,2016(1):168-181,192.
[11]程名望,史清华,Jin Yanhong.农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素——基于全国农村固定观察点微观数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014(5):3-19.Cheng M W,Shi Q H,Jin Y H,et al.Income level,structure and its causes[J].Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2014(5):3-19.
[12]程名望,史清华,Jin Yanhong,等.农户收入差距及其根源:模型与实证[J].管理世界,2015(7):17-28.Cheng M W,Shi Q H,Jin Y H,et al.Farmers’income gap and its roots:Model and empirical[J].Management World,2015(7):17-28.
[13]赵剑治,陆铭.关系对农村收入差距的贡献及其地区差异——一项基于回归的分解分析[J].经济学(季刊),2010,9(1):363-390.Zhao J Z,Lu M.The contribution of guanxi to income inequality in rural China and a cross-regional comparison:A regressionbased decomposition[J].China Economic Quarterly,2010,9(1):363-390.
[14]周晔馨.社会资本是穷人的资本吗?——基于中国农户收入的经验证据[J].管理世界,2012(7):83-95.Zhou Y X.Is social capital the capital of the poor?Evidence from income of rural households in China[J].Management World,2012(7):83-95.
[15]陈纯槿,李实.城镇劳动力市场结构变迁与收入不平等:1989~2009[J].管理世界,2013(1):45-55,187.Chen C J,Li S.The structural changes in the labor market and the wage inequality in Urban China between 1989 and 2009[J].Management World,2013(1):45-55,187.
[16]甄小鹏,凌晨.农村劳动力流动对农村收入及收入差距的影响——基于劳动异质性的视角[J].经济学(季刊),2017,16(3):1073-1096.Zhen X P,Ling C.The Impact of rural labor migration on rural income and income gap:A labor heterogeneity approach[J].China Economic Quarterly,2017,16(3):1073-1096.
[17]张超正,杨钢桥.不同模式农地整治前后农户生计资本变化研究[J].中国土地科学,2018,32(10):90-96.Zhang C Z,Yang G Q.Change of farmers’livelihood capital before and after rural land consolidation in different modes[J].China Land Science,2018,32(10):90-96.
[18]谢金华,杨钢桥,许玉光.不同农地整治模式对农户生计策略的影响研究——以江汉平原和鄂西南山区部分县市为例[J].中国农村经济,2018(11):96-111.Xie J H,Yang G Q,Xu Y G.The impact of different rural land consolidation modes on rural households’livelihood strategies:Examples from some Counties and Cities from the Jianghan Plain and Mountainous areas in Hubei Province[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2018(11):96-111.
[19]刘新卫,杨华珂,郧文聚.土地整治促进贫困地区脱贫的模式及实证[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):242-247.Liu X W,Yang H K,Xun W J.Patterns of land consolidation promoting poverty alleviation in poor areas and its application[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(5):242-247.
[20]张超正,杨钢桥,文高辉.不同农地整治模式对农户生态系统服务依赖度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(6):261-270.Zhang C Z,Yang G Q,Wen G H.Impact of different rural land consolidation modes on farmers’dependence on ecosystem services[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2019,35(6):261-270.
[21]李长生,张文棋.信贷约束对农户收入的影响——基于分位数回归的分析[J].农业技术经济,2015(8):43-52.Li C S,Zhang W Q.Impact of credit constraints on farmers’income based on quantile regression[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2015(8):43-52.
[22]汪文雄,朱欣,余利红,等.不同模式下农地整治前后土地利用效率的比较研究[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(7):1104-1117.Wang W X,Zhu X,Yu L H,et al.Comparative study on land use efficiency before and after rural land consolidation in different modes[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(7):1104-1117.
[23]唐秀美,潘瑜春,刘玉,等.中国耕地整治投资实施模式与路径分析[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(8):56-62.Tang X M,Pan Y C,Liu Y,et al.The investment and implementation model and path analysis of cultivated land consolidation in China[J].China Land Science,2016,30(8):56-62.
[24]湖北省统计局,国家统计局湖北调查总队.湖北统计年鉴2018[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.Statistical Bureau of Hubei Province,Survey Office of the National Bureau of Statistics in Hubei.Hubei Statistical Yearbook2018[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2012.
[25]Lee M J,Kang C.Identification for difference in differences with cross-section and panel data[J].Economics Letters,2006,92(2):270-276.
[26]高梦滔,姚洋.农户收入差距的微观基础:物质资本还是人力资本?[J].经济研究,2006(12):71-80.Gao M T,Yao Y.Which is the main reason for income inequality in rural China:Physical assets or human capital[J].Economic Research Journal,2006(12):71-80.
[27]郭君平,宁爱照,曲颂.参与式社区综合发展“益贫”还是“溢富”?——基于精准扶贫和收入分配效应视角[J].农业经济问题,2017(10):52-62.Guo J P,Ning A Z,Qu S.Dose participatory rural appraisal benefit“poor”or“rich”?:Based on the perspective of precise poverty alleviation and income distribution[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2017(10):52-62.
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