紫花苜蓿与多年生黑麦草不同种植模式下沙化土壤碳、氮含量和酶活性研究
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摘要
通过豫北地区连续6年定位试验,以沙化裸地为对照,研究了紫花苜蓿单播、多年生黑麦草单播、紫花苜蓿与多年生黑麦草混播3种种植模式下土壤碳、氮含量和相关土壤酶活性,并分析了其间的相互关系。结果表明:与沙化裸地相比,0～40 cm土层3种种植模式下土壤碳、氮含量均不同程度地增加。其中,土壤有机碳含量表现为紫花苜蓿与多年生黑麦草混播模式下最高,为9.17 g/kg;土壤全氮和碱解氮含量表现为紫花苜蓿/多年生黑麦草混播和紫花苜蓿单播模式下最高,且二者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);紫花苜蓿/多年生黑麦草混播模式下土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性最高,分别比沙化裸地增加266.80%、87.79%、49.96%、433.26%和232.38%;相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳分别与蔗糖酶和淀粉酶呈极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)正相关,土壤碱解氮与脲酶呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。因此,试验中蔗糖酶、淀粉酶和脲酶可表征土壤碳、氮特征。由此认为,相对于沙化裸地,豫北地区经6年人工草地建植,土壤碳、氮含量以及相关土壤酶活性有效提高,以紫花苜蓿/多年生黑麦草混播为最佳的种植模式。
The effect of three planting patterns(alfalfa single-sowing,perennial ryegrass single-sowing,alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing) on the contents of carbon,nitrogen and enzymes activities of sandy soil was studied through 6 years' fixed test in northern Henan province.And the relationship among tested indexes was analyzed.The results showed that compared with sandy bare land,the contents of carbon and nitrogen in 0～40 cm soil layer increased at different degrees under three planting patterns.Among them,the highest value of soil organic carbon was occurred in alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing(9.17 g/kg).The highest values of total nitrogen and available nitrogen were appeared in alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing and alfalfa single-sowing,and there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05).The highest values of soil enzymes activities were obtained in alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing.Compared with sandy bare land,the activities of urease,protease,sucrase,amylase and cellulase increased by 266.80%,87.79%,49.96%,433.26% and 232.38%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon was positively correlated with sucrase(P<0.01) and amylase(P<0.05),and soil available nitrogen was positively correlated with urease(P<0.05).The contents of carbon,nitrogen and related enzymes activities were effectively increased after six years of forage growing,and alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing was the best.
The effect of three planting patterns(alfalfa single-sowing,perennial ryegrass single-sowing,alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing) on the contents of carbon,nitrogen and enzymes activities of sandy soil was studied through 6 years' fixed test in northern Henan province.And the relationship among tested indexes was analyzed.The results showed that compared with sandy bare land,the contents of carbon and nitrogen in 0～40 cm soil layer increased at different degrees under three planting patterns.Among them,the highest value of soil organic carbon was occurred in alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing(9.17 g/kg).The highest values of total nitrogen and available nitrogen were appeared in alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing and alfalfa single-sowing,and there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05).The highest values of soil enzymes activities were obtained in alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing.Compared with sandy bare land,the activities of urease,protease,sucrase,amylase and cellulase increased by 266.80%,87.79%,49.96%,433.26% and 232.38%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon was positively correlated with sucrase(P<0.01) and amylase(P<0.05),and soil available nitrogen was positively correlated with urease(P<0.05).The contents of carbon,nitrogen and related enzymes activities were effectively increased after six years of forage growing,and alfalfa and perennial ryegrass mixed-sowing was the best.
引文
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[12] 沈芳芳,袁颖红,樊后保,等.氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有机碳矿化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):517-527.
[13] 柳开楼,韩天富,黄庆海,等.鄱阳湖流域长期施肥下双季稻田的土壤基础地力[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(1):209-216.
[14] 张星星,杨柳明,陈忠,等.中亚热带不同母质和森林类型土壤生态酶化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(16):5828-5836.
[15] 于天一,逄焕成,唐海明,等.不同母质类型水稻土酶活性及其与理化性质的关系[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):1043-1047.
[16] 刘雷,王梦亮,王俊红,等.不同施肥方式对玉米生育期内根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(6):199-204.
[17] 李俊强,林利华,张帆,等.施肥模式对茶树根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(3):22-28.
[18] 张鹏,贾志宽,路文涛,等.不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1122-1130.
[19] 段争虎,刘发民.黄淮海平原豫北土地风沙化对土壤肥力的影响[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(S):176-178.
[20] 蔺芳,刘晓静,张家洋.人工草地种植模式对沙化土壤团聚体及有机质含量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(6):1219-1229.
[21] 祝丽香,闫文秀,李雪,等.控释尿素与尿素配施对杭白菊栽培土壤生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):226-233.
[22] 李酉开.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[23] 王淑兰,王浩,李娟,等.不同耕作方式下长期秸秆还田对旱作春玉米田土壤碳、氮、水含量及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1530-1540.
[24] 郑伟,朱进忠,库尔班,等.不同混播方式下豆禾混播草地种间竞争动态研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(4):568-575.
[25] Malhi S S,Zentner R P,Heier K.Effectiveness of alfalfa in reducing fertilizer N input for optimum forage yield,protein concentration,returns and energy performance of bromegrass-alfalfa mixtures[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agr-oecosystems,2002,62(3):219-227.
[26] Nebbioso A,Piccolo A.Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter(DOM):A critical review[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2013,405(1):109-124.
[27] 王轶浩,耿养会,黄仲华.三峡库区紫色土植被恢复过程的土壤团粒组成及分形特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5493-5499.
[28] 曹慧,孙辉,杨浩,等.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):105-109.
[29] Chen H,Li D J,Zhao J,et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on activities of soil nitrogen acquisition enzymes:A meta-analysis[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2018,252:126-131.
[30] Tu C,Teng Y,Luo Y M,et al.PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(4):649-656.
[31] 南丽丽,郭全恩,曹诗瑜,等.疏勒河流域不同植被类型土壤酶活性动态变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):134-139.
[32] Aon M A,Colaneri A C.Temporal and spatial evolution of enzymatic activities and physico-chemical properties in an agricultural soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):255-270.
[33] 王文锋,李春花,黄绍文,等.不同施肥模式对设施菜田土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):873-882.
[34] 刘文辉,张英俊,师尚礼,等.高寒区施肥和豆科混播水平对燕麦人工草地土壤酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(1):23-33.
[35] 惠竹梅,岳泰新,张瑾,等.西北半干旱区葡萄园生草体系中土壤生物学特性与土壤养分的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(11):2310-2317.
[2] 崔星,师尚礼.绿洲灌溉区与旱作区多龄苜蓿地土壤有机碳、氮及物理特性分析[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(1):68-72.
[3] 王理德,王方琳,郭春秀,等.土壤酶学硏究进展[J].土壤,2016,48(1):12-21.
[4] 王少昆,赵学勇,张铜会,等.造林对沙地土壤微生物的数量、生物量碳及酶活性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):529-535.
[5] Innangi M,Niro E,D’Ascoli R,et al.Effects of olive pom-ace amendment on soil enzyme activities[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,15(6):242-249.
[6] 邰继承,杨恒山,张庆国,等.种植年限对紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤碳、氮含量及根际土壤固氮力的影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(3):603-607.
[7] 王堃,张玉娟,刘克思,等.加强人工草地建设推进我国畜牧业健康发展[J].草原与草业,2014,26(2):1-4.
[8] 谢开云,赵云,李向林,等.豆-禾混播草地种间关系研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):284-296.
[9] 张永亮,张丽娟.苜蓿,无芒雀麦混播及单播草地草产量动态研究[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(5):23-28.
[10] 于铁峰,刘晓静,张晓玲,等.氮素对紫花苜蓿根茎叶氮含量及硝酸还原酶活性的影响[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(5):14-19.
[11] 刘春英,孙学映,朱体超,等.不同黑麦草品种生产性能比较与优势品种筛选[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):39-48.
[12] 沈芳芳,袁颖红,樊后保,等.氮沉降对杉木人工林土壤有机碳矿化和土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):517-527.
[13] 柳开楼,韩天富,黄庆海,等.鄱阳湖流域长期施肥下双季稻田的土壤基础地力[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(1):209-216.
[14] 张星星,杨柳明,陈忠,等.中亚热带不同母质和森林类型土壤生态酶化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(16):5828-5836.
[15] 于天一,逄焕成,唐海明,等.不同母质类型水稻土酶活性及其与理化性质的关系[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):1043-1047.
[16] 刘雷,王梦亮,王俊红,等.不同施肥方式对玉米生育期内根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(6):199-204.
[17] 李俊强,林利华,张帆,等.施肥模式对茶树根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(3):22-28.
[18] 张鹏,贾志宽,路文涛,等.不同有机肥施用量对宁南旱区土壤养分、酶活性及作物生产力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(5):1122-1130.
[19] 段争虎,刘发民.黄淮海平原豫北土地风沙化对土壤肥力的影响[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(S):176-178.
[20] 蔺芳,刘晓静,张家洋.人工草地种植模式对沙化土壤团聚体及有机质含量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(6):1219-1229.
[21] 祝丽香,闫文秀,李雪,等.控释尿素与尿素配施对杭白菊栽培土壤生物学特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):226-233.
[22] 李酉开.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[23] 王淑兰,王浩,李娟,等.不同耕作方式下长期秸秆还田对旱作春玉米田土壤碳、氮、水含量及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1530-1540.
[24] 郑伟,朱进忠,库尔班,等.不同混播方式下豆禾混播草地种间竞争动态研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(4):568-575.
[25] Malhi S S,Zentner R P,Heier K.Effectiveness of alfalfa in reducing fertilizer N input for optimum forage yield,protein concentration,returns and energy performance of bromegrass-alfalfa mixtures[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agr-oecosystems,2002,62(3):219-227.
[26] Nebbioso A,Piccolo A.Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter(DOM):A critical review[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2013,405(1):109-124.
[27] 王轶浩,耿养会,黄仲华.三峡库区紫色土植被恢复过程的土壤团粒组成及分形特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5493-5499.
[28] 曹慧,孙辉,杨浩,等.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):105-109.
[29] Chen H,Li D J,Zhao J,et al.Effects of nitrogen addition on activities of soil nitrogen acquisition enzymes:A meta-analysis[J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2018,252:126-131.
[30] Tu C,Teng Y,Luo Y M,et al.PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(4):649-656.
[31] 南丽丽,郭全恩,曹诗瑜,等.疏勒河流域不同植被类型土壤酶活性动态变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):134-139.
[32] Aon M A,Colaneri A C.Temporal and spatial evolution of enzymatic activities and physico-chemical properties in an agricultural soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):255-270.
[33] 王文锋,李春花,黄绍文,等.不同施肥模式对设施菜田土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):873-882.
[34] 刘文辉,张英俊,师尚礼,等.高寒区施肥和豆科混播水平对燕麦人工草地土壤酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(1):23-33.
[35] 惠竹梅,岳泰新,张瑾,等.西北半干旱区葡萄园生草体系中土壤生物学特性与土壤养分的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(11):2310-2317.
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