豫西不同栽培环境对优质小麦品系品质性状的影响
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摘要
为分析豫西不同栽培环境对优质小麦品质性状的影响,选取洛阳农林科学院育成的7个半冬性优质小麦品系‘HPG127’‘HPG164’‘HPG165’‘HPG167’‘HPG513’‘HPG542’‘HPG521’和2个优质对照品种‘豫麦34’和‘藁麦8901’,在洛阳农林科学院3种栽培环境(旱薄地、旱肥地和水地)进行随机区组试验,统一收获其籽粒进行品质相关性状的测定。结果表明:体积质量、总湿面筋、总干面筋和粗蛋白质量分数这4个性状在不同栽培环境下差异显著,主要表现为高肥力能降低小麦体积质量,灌水会稀释粗蛋白质量分数,水地栽培环境中面筋含量最低。对变异系数最大的稳定时间进一步分析表明:各品种(系)稳定时间变化趋势在3种栽培环境下不尽相同,旱肥地能增加大部分品种(系)的稳定时间,个别品种(系)在水地环境下稳定时间最长。综上所述,豫西地区优质小麦的栽培可通过控制灌水和施肥来保证小麦的面筋和粗蛋白含量,并结合具体品种的特性选择合适栽培环境以实现对品质的具体要求。
To analyze the effects of different planting environments on the quality traits of strong-gluten wheat in western Henan,seven strong-gluten wheat varieties‘HPG127'‘HPG164'‘HPG165'‘HPG167'‘HPG513'‘HPG542'‘HPG521' were bred by Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry.Two control strong-gluten wheat varieties ‘Yumai 34' and ‘Gaomai 8901' as experimental materials,it was cultivated by using field plot test in three experimental planting environments,including dry and infertile land,dry and fertile land and irrigated land,the quality-traits of the harvested grains were measured. The results indicated that four quality traits of volume mass,total dry gluten mass fraction,total wet gluten mass fraction and protein mass fraction had significantly difference in different cultivation environments,it showed that the higher fertility could reduce the volume mass, more water could decrease the protein mass fraction,the irrigated land had negative effect on the gluten mass fraction. The stability time had the maximum coefficient of variation,for the further analysis,the variation trend among wheat varieties was different in three planting environments,most of the varieties could had the longest stability time in dry and fertile land,but some varieties had the longer stability time in irrigated land. Above all,cultivation of the strong-gluten wheat can keep the gluten mass fraction by controlling irrigation and fertility in western Henan,suitable cultivation environments were selected to meet the specific requirements of quality according to the characteristics of specific varieties.
To analyze the effects of different planting environments on the quality traits of strong-gluten wheat in western Henan,seven strong-gluten wheat varieties‘HPG127'‘HPG164'‘HPG165'‘HPG167'‘HPG513'‘HPG542'‘HPG521' were bred by Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry.Two control strong-gluten wheat varieties ‘Yumai 34' and ‘Gaomai 8901' as experimental materials,it was cultivated by using field plot test in three experimental planting environments,including dry and infertile land,dry and fertile land and irrigated land,the quality-traits of the harvested grains were measured. The results indicated that four quality traits of volume mass,total dry gluten mass fraction,total wet gluten mass fraction and protein mass fraction had significantly difference in different cultivation environments,it showed that the higher fertility could reduce the volume mass, more water could decrease the protein mass fraction,the irrigated land had negative effect on the gluten mass fraction. The stability time had the maximum coefficient of variation,for the further analysis,the variation trend among wheat varieties was different in three planting environments,most of the varieties could had the longest stability time in dry and fertile land,but some varieties had the longer stability time in irrigated land. Above all,cultivation of the strong-gluten wheat can keep the gluten mass fraction by controlling irrigation and fertility in western Henan,suitable cultivation environments were selected to meet the specific requirements of quality according to the characteristics of specific varieties.
引文
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[22] 许振柱,于振文,王东,等.灌溉条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及其品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):682-687.XU ZH ZH,YU ZH W,WANG D,et al.Effect of irrigation conditions on protein composition accumulation of grain and its quality in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2003,29(5):682-687.
[23] 季书勤,郭瑞,赵淑章,等.肥水运筹对不同筋类小麦产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(2):130-134.JI SH Q,GUO R,ZHAO SH ZH,et al.Influence of irrigation and nitrogen application on yield and quality of different gluten types of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2006,26(2):130-134.
[24] 雷振生,吴政卿,田云峰,等.生态环境变异对优质强筋小麦品质性状的影响[J].华北农学报,2005,20(3):1-4.LEI ZH SH,WU ZH Q,TIAN Y F,et al.Effects of environmental variations to main quality characters of the strong gluten wheat[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2005,20(3):1-4.
[25] 王立秋,王占宇.水肥因子对小麦籽粒及面包烘烤品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,1997,30(3):67-73.WANG L Q,WANG ZH Y.Effect of water and fertilizer factors on grain quality and bread baking quality of wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1997,30(3):67-73.
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[2] 王晨阳,郭天财,马冬云,等.环境、基因型及其互作对小麦主要品质性状的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1397-1406.WANG CH Y,GUO T C,MA D Y,et al.Effects of genotypes and environments and their interactions on main quality traits in winter wheat[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2008,32(6):1397-1406.
[3] 袁建,汪海峰,杨晓蓉.影响小麦品质性状变异的主要因素[J].江苏农业科学,2001(2):19-22.YUAN J,WANG H F,YANG X R.The main influence factors in the quality characters of wheat[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2001(2):19-22.
[4] 李建勇,王正银.小麦品质影响因素研究进展[J].陕西农业科学,2007(6):100-104.LI J Y,WANG ZH Y.Aspect on the factors influencing the quality of wheat[J].Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007(6):100-104.
[5] 顾克军,杨四军,张恒敢,等.小麦品质影响因素分析及专用小麦优质栽培途径的探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2001,29(6):725-728.GU K J,YANG S J,ZHANG H G,et al.Analysis of factors affecting wheat quality and cultured measure of special wheat variety[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2001,29(6):725-728.
[6] 邓志英,田纪春,胡瑞波,等.基因型和环境对小麦主要品质性状参数的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2757-2763.DENG ZH Y,TIAN J CH,HU R B,et al.Effects of genotype and environment on wheat main quality characteristics[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(8):2757-2763.
[7] 唐建卫,殷贵鸿,王丽娜,等.小麦湿面筋含量和面筋指数遗传分析[J].作物学报,2011,37(9):1701-1706.TIANG J W,YIN G H,WANG L N,et al.Inheritance of wet gluten content and gluten index in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(9):1701-1706.
[8] 张艳,何中虎,周桂英,等.基因型和环境对我国冬播麦区小麦品质性状的影响[J].中国粮油学报,1999,14(5):1-5.ZHANG Y,HE ZH H,ZHOU G Y,et al Genotype and environment effects on major quality characters of winter-Sown Chinese wheats[J].Journal of The Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,1999,14(5):1-5.
[9] 郭世华,王洪刚.基因型和环境及其互作对我国冬小麦部分品质性状的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(1):45-51.GUO SH H,WANG H G.Effects of genotype,environment and G×E interaction on partial quality characteristics of Chinese winter wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2006,26(1):45-51.
[10] 李冬,张新忠,芦静,等.基因型和环境对新疆冬小麦主要品质性状的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2009,46(1):112-117.LI D,ZHANG X ZH,LU J,et al.Effects of genotype and environment on major quality characters of Xinjiang wheat varieties[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2009,46(1):112-117.
[11] 朱金宝,刘广田.基因型和环境对小麦烘烤品质的影响[J].作物学报,1995,21(6):679-684.ZHU J B,LIU G T.Genotype and environment effects on baking quality of wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1995,21(6):679-684.
[12] 安成立,张改生,高翔,等.不同生态环境对强筋小麦品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(1):34-36.AN CH L,ZHANG G SH,GAO X,et al Effects of different eco-environments on the quality of strong-gluten wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006,14(1):34-36.
[13] 马冬云,朱云集,郭天财,等.基因型和环境及其互作对河南省小麦品质的影响及品质稳定性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(4):13-18.MA D Y,ZHU Y J,GUO T C,et al.Effects of genotype,environment and G×E interaction on wheat quality of Henan province and the stability analysi[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2002,22(4):13-18.
[14] 曹宏鑫,王世敬,戴晓华.土壤基础肥力和肥水运筹对春小麦产量和品质及植株氮素状况的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2003,23(2):52-56.CAO H X,WANG SH J,DAI X H.Effects of soil basic fertility and fertilizer and water on yield and quality and nitrogen content and nitrate reductase in leaf in Spring wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2003,23(2):52-56.
[15] 郭天财,张学林,樊树平,等.不同环境条件对三种筋型小麦品质性状的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(6):917-920.GUO T C,ZHANG X L,FAN SH P,et al.Effects of different environments on qualitative characters of three gluten wheat cultivars[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(6):917-920.
[16] 康立宁,魏益民,欧阳韶晖,等.基因型与环境对小麦品种粉质参数的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(1):91-95.KANG L N,WEI Y M,OUYANG SH H,et al.Genotype and environment effects on farinograms of winter wheat variety[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(1):91-95.
[17] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局中国国家标准化管理委员会.小麦和小麦粉面筋含量.第2部分:仪器法测定湿面筋GB/T 5506.2-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009:1-12.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Wheat and Wheat Flour-gluten Content.Part 1:Determination of Wet Gluten by instrument GB/T 5506.2-2008[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2009:1-12.
[18] 张维军,袁汉民,陈东升,等.水肥运筹对冬小麦品质和产量的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2009(4):1-3.ZHANG W J,YUAN H M,CHEN D SH,et al.Influence of irrigation and nitrogen application on yield and quality of winter wheat[J].Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,2009(4):1-3.
[19] 吴国梁,崔秀珍,宋晓顺,等.不同土壤肥力条件下施氮量对强筋小麦产量和蛋白质组分的影响[J].河南农业科学,2004(10):46-49.WU G L,CUI X ZH,SONG X SH,et al.Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application on the yield and protein component of strong gluten wheat under different soil fertilities[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2004(10):46-49.
[20] 郑建渠,刘建刚.磷钾肥配比对小麦品质和产量的影响研究[J].上海农业科技,2014(5):116-117.ZHENG J Q,LIU J G.Effect of P and K fertilizer combined application on yield and quality of wheat[J].Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology,2014(5):116-117.
[21] 严美玲,殷岩,李林志,等.氮肥对小麦品质的影响研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(10):1-3,5.YAN M L,YIN Y,LI L ZH,et al.Research advance of effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat qualit[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2009,13(10):1-3,5.
[22] 许振柱,于振文,王东,等.灌溉条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及其品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):682-687.XU ZH ZH,YU ZH W,WANG D,et al.Effect of irrigation conditions on protein composition accumulation of grain and its quality in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2003,29(5):682-687.
[23] 季书勤,郭瑞,赵淑章,等.肥水运筹对不同筋类小麦产量和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2006,26(2):130-134.JI SH Q,GUO R,ZHAO SH ZH,et al.Influence of irrigation and nitrogen application on yield and quality of different gluten types of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2006,26(2):130-134.
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