环境中多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染现状、处理方法及研究展望
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摘要
对各种环境介质中多氯联苯的污染现状进行分析,并且综述了多氯联苯的处理方法,可分为物理法、化学法以及生物法。物理法主要有吸附、萃取、絮凝沉淀、填埋等,化学法主要有高级氧化法和还原法,生物法主要有普通生物法和高等生物法。最后,提出了PCBs处理方法所存在的问题以及对未来处理方法的展望。
This article analyzes the pollution status of PCBs from a variety of environmental media and summarizes the treatment methods of PCBs,the treatment range could be divided into physical,chemical and biological methods.The physical methods include adsorption,extraction,flocculation and sedimentation,landfill,etc,the chemical methods mainly include advanced oxidation and reduction,the biological methods include common biological methods and higher biological methods.Finally,this text puts forward the problems of PCBs processing method and prospects for future processing methods.
This article analyzes the pollution status of PCBs from a variety of environmental media and summarizes the treatment methods of PCBs,the treatment range could be divided into physical,chemical and biological methods.The physical methods include adsorption,extraction,flocculation and sedimentation,landfill,etc,the chemical methods mainly include advanced oxidation and reduction,the biological methods include common biological methods and higher biological methods.Finally,this text puts forward the problems of PCBs processing method and prospects for future processing methods.
引文
[1] 王亚韡,蔡亚岐,江桂斌.斯德哥尔摩公约新增持久性有机污染物的一些研究进展[J].中国科学:化学,2010(2):99-123.
[2] 刘敏霞,杨玉义,李庆孝,等.中国近海海洋环境多氯联苯(PCBs)污染现状及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013(8):3309-3315.
[3] 罗孝俊,陈社军,麦碧娴,等.珠江三角洲地区水体表层沉积物中多环芳烃的来源、迁移及生态风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2006(1):17-24.
[4] 洪维哲,李英明,张林楠,等.北京市大气中多氯联苯的污染水平和分布特征[J].环境化学,2015(3):410-416.
[5] 韩德明.西安城区大气中多氯联苯的污染特征、气粒分配及来源解析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2014.
[6] 孙建强,蒋攀,吴义华,等.杭州室内空气中多氯联苯的污染特征研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2018(1):95-99.
[7] Hogarh J N,Seike N,Kobara Y,et al.Source characterization and risk of exposure to atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in Ghana[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018(25):16316-16324.
[8] Cetin B,Yurdakul S,Keles M,et al.Atmospheric concentrations,distributions and air-soil exchange tendencies of PAHs and PCBs in a heavily industrialized area in Kocaeli,Turkey[J].Chemosphere,2017,183:69-79.
[9] 张志.中国大气和土壤中多氯联苯空间分布特征及规律研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[10] 王薛平,黄星,毕春娟,等.滴水湖及其环湖水系沉积物、土壤中多氯联苯的空间分布特征及风险评价[J].环境科学,2016(6):2121-2130.
[11] 邵阳,杨国胜,刘韦华,等.北京地区地表水中OCPs和PCBs的污染分析[J].中国环境科学,2016(9):2606-2613.
[12] 国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 3838—2002 地表水环境质量标准[J].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13] Megahed A M,Dahshan H,Abd-El-Kader M A,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls water pollution along the river Nile,Egypt[J].The Scientific World Journal,2015(2015):389213.
[14] 姚宏,卢双,张旭,等.黄河岸边土壤中类二噁英类多氯联苯污染现状及风险[J].环境科学,2018(1):123-129.
[15] 张婧雯,张红,刘勇,等.太原市农田土壤中多氯联苯污染特征及健康风险[J].安徽农业科学,2017(35):96-101.
[16] Li Q,Lu Y,Wang P,et al.Distribution,source,and risk of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in urban and rural soils around the Yellow and Bohai Seas,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,239:233-241.
[17] Xu G,Yu Y,Wang Y,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls in vegetable soils from Changchun,northeast China:Concentrations,distribution,sources and human health risks[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2018,24(3):590-601.
[18] Devi N L,Yadav I C,Chakraborty P,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soil from north east India:implication for sources apportionment and health-risk assessment[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018(75):377-389.
[19] Chakraborty P,Selvaraj S,Nakamura M,et al.PCBs and PCDD/Fs in soil from informal e-waste recycling sites and open dumpsites in India:Levels,congener profiles and health risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:930-938.
[20] 王雅辉,王伟华,颜焱.松花江哈尔滨江段表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留状况调查[J].黑龙江环境通报,2015(4):79-82.
[21] He S Y,Zhang X,Wang W C,et al.Distribution and toxicity risks of PCBs in the tidal flat ecosystem near the 37th PCBs sealed site on the coast of Zhejiang Province,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2015,21(2):415-433.
[22] Iwegbue C.Distribution and ecological risks of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in surface sediment of the Forcados River,Niger Delta,Nigeria[J].African Journal of Aquatic Science,2016,41(1):51-56.
[23] 栾杰,许燕,林佶,等.云南省淡水湖泊鱼虾中多氯联苯食用安全性评估[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017(10):3737-3741.
[24] 苏杨,鲍恋君,曾永平.香港周边海域野生鱼体内DDTs和PCBs的含量分布和食用风险评估[J].环境科学,2018(4):1861-1871.
[25] Squadrone S,Prearo M,Nespoli R,et al.PCDD/Fs,DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs in European catfish from a northern Italian lake:the contribution of an alien species to human exposure[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,125:170-175.
[26] 周华,熊丽凤,卢泽湘,等.NI/OS新型净水材料及其含氯有机物处理性能研究[J].环境科学与技术,2017(8):36-42.
[27] 范立维,周华,卢泽湘,等.牡蛎壳改性材料及其吸附多氯联苯的性能[J].化工进展,2017(5):1802-1810.
[28] 赵霞,ISMOILOV Bakhrom,李亚斌,等.污水高级氧化技术的研究现状及其新进展[J].水处理技术,2018(4):7-10.
[29] 宋羿.纳滤-化学氧化联合处理高浓度多氯联苯废水的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.
[30] 季蕾,陈贯虹,傅晓文,等.生物酶对五氯联苯降解的初步研究[J].山东科学,2016(6):94-97.
[31] 林志荣.铁锰氧化物降解多氯联苯的研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011.
[32] Dudasova H,Derco J,Sumegova L,et al.Removal of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in mixture Delor 103 from wastewater by ozonation vs/and biological method[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,321:54-61.
[33] Chen F,Luo Z,Liu G,et al.Remediation of electronic waste polluted soil using a combination of persulfate oxidation and chemical washing[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,204:170-178.
[34] 戴知友,莫创荣,张金莲,等.基于响应面分析法研究Fe2O3对多氯联苯的降解效果[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2017(5):1943-1950.
[35] Lu S,Wu D,Wang Q,et al.Photocatalytic decomposition on nano-TiO2:Destruction of chloroaromatic compounds[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(9):1215-1224.
[36] Lei M,Wang N,Zhu L,et al.A peculiar mechanism for the photocatalytic reduction of decabromodiphenyl ether over reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 photocatalyst[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,241:207-215.
[37] Huang Q,Hong C S.TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of PCBs in soil-water systems containing fluoro surfactant[J].Chemosphere,2000,41(6):871-879.
[38] 马明.湿式氧化法处理含油废水研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2017.
[39] 张永利.催化湿式氧化法处理印染废水的研究[J].环境工程学报,2009(6):1011-1014.
[40] 周海云,崔卫方,姜伟立.超临界水氧化处理毒死蜱产生的缩合废水[J].科学技术与工程,2018(2):367-371.
[41] 张晓林,邹道安,池涌.十氯联苯的超(亚)临界水降解特性[J].环境科学学报,2015(7):2099-2106.
[42] 聂冬,金明姬,董微巍,等.高级氧化法在水处理领域中的应用研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2014(2):179-185.
[43] 张光明.超声波处理多氯联苯微污染技术研究[J].给水排水,2003(3):30-33.
[44] 卫建军.纳米级Pd/Fe双金属对水中氯酚的催化脱氯研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[45] 张珍.纳米级双金属体系对水中氯苯和多氯联苯的催化还原脱氯研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[46] 孙桂婷,陈红云,赵玲,等.多氯联苯降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性研究[J].生物技术通报,2018(8):1-7.
[47] 徐莉,滕应,骆永明,等.苜蓿根瘤菌对多氯联苯降解转化特性研究[J].环境科学,2010(1):255-259.
[48] 陈雄.附着剑菌对多氯联苯(PCBs)的生物吸附及生物降解机制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[49] Tu C,Teng Y,Luo Y,et al.PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(4):649-656.
[50] Li X,Wang X,Wang W,et al.Profiles of organochlorine pesticides in earthworms from urban leisure areas of Beijing,China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2010,84(4):473-476.
[2] 刘敏霞,杨玉义,李庆孝,等.中国近海海洋环境多氯联苯(PCBs)污染现状及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013(8):3309-3315.
[3] 罗孝俊,陈社军,麦碧娴,等.珠江三角洲地区水体表层沉积物中多环芳烃的来源、迁移及生态风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2006(1):17-24.
[4] 洪维哲,李英明,张林楠,等.北京市大气中多氯联苯的污染水平和分布特征[J].环境化学,2015(3):410-416.
[5] 韩德明.西安城区大气中多氯联苯的污染特征、气粒分配及来源解析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2014.
[6] 孙建强,蒋攀,吴义华,等.杭州室内空气中多氯联苯的污染特征研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2018(1):95-99.
[7] Hogarh J N,Seike N,Kobara Y,et al.Source characterization and risk of exposure to atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in Ghana[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018(25):16316-16324.
[8] Cetin B,Yurdakul S,Keles M,et al.Atmospheric concentrations,distributions and air-soil exchange tendencies of PAHs and PCBs in a heavily industrialized area in Kocaeli,Turkey[J].Chemosphere,2017,183:69-79.
[9] 张志.中国大气和土壤中多氯联苯空间分布特征及规律研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010.
[10] 王薛平,黄星,毕春娟,等.滴水湖及其环湖水系沉积物、土壤中多氯联苯的空间分布特征及风险评价[J].环境科学,2016(6):2121-2130.
[11] 邵阳,杨国胜,刘韦华,等.北京地区地表水中OCPs和PCBs的污染分析[J].中国环境科学,2016(9):2606-2613.
[12] 国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB 3838—2002 地表水环境质量标准[J].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[13] Megahed A M,Dahshan H,Abd-El-Kader M A,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls water pollution along the river Nile,Egypt[J].The Scientific World Journal,2015(2015):389213.
[14] 姚宏,卢双,张旭,等.黄河岸边土壤中类二噁英类多氯联苯污染现状及风险[J].环境科学,2018(1):123-129.
[15] 张婧雯,张红,刘勇,等.太原市农田土壤中多氯联苯污染特征及健康风险[J].安徽农业科学,2017(35):96-101.
[16] Li Q,Lu Y,Wang P,et al.Distribution,source,and risk of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in urban and rural soils around the Yellow and Bohai Seas,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,239:233-241.
[17] Xu G,Yu Y,Wang Y,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls in vegetable soils from Changchun,northeast China:Concentrations,distribution,sources and human health risks[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2018,24(3):590-601.
[18] Devi N L,Yadav I C,Chakraborty P,et al.Polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soil from north east India:implication for sources apportionment and health-risk assessment[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018(75):377-389.
[19] Chakraborty P,Selvaraj S,Nakamura M,et al.PCBs and PCDD/Fs in soil from informal e-waste recycling sites and open dumpsites in India:Levels,congener profiles and health risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:930-938.
[20] 王雅辉,王伟华,颜焱.松花江哈尔滨江段表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留状况调查[J].黑龙江环境通报,2015(4):79-82.
[21] He S Y,Zhang X,Wang W C,et al.Distribution and toxicity risks of PCBs in the tidal flat ecosystem near the 37th PCBs sealed site on the coast of Zhejiang Province,China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2015,21(2):415-433.
[22] Iwegbue C.Distribution and ecological risks of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in surface sediment of the Forcados River,Niger Delta,Nigeria[J].African Journal of Aquatic Science,2016,41(1):51-56.
[23] 栾杰,许燕,林佶,等.云南省淡水湖泊鱼虾中多氯联苯食用安全性评估[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017(10):3737-3741.
[24] 苏杨,鲍恋君,曾永平.香港周边海域野生鱼体内DDTs和PCBs的含量分布和食用风险评估[J].环境科学,2018(4):1861-1871.
[25] Squadrone S,Prearo M,Nespoli R,et al.PCDD/Fs,DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs in European catfish from a northern Italian lake:the contribution of an alien species to human exposure[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,125:170-175.
[26] 周华,熊丽凤,卢泽湘,等.NI/OS新型净水材料及其含氯有机物处理性能研究[J].环境科学与技术,2017(8):36-42.
[27] 范立维,周华,卢泽湘,等.牡蛎壳改性材料及其吸附多氯联苯的性能[J].化工进展,2017(5):1802-1810.
[28] 赵霞,ISMOILOV Bakhrom,李亚斌,等.污水高级氧化技术的研究现状及其新进展[J].水处理技术,2018(4):7-10.
[29] 宋羿.纳滤-化学氧化联合处理高浓度多氯联苯废水的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.
[30] 季蕾,陈贯虹,傅晓文,等.生物酶对五氯联苯降解的初步研究[J].山东科学,2016(6):94-97.
[31] 林志荣.铁锰氧化物降解多氯联苯的研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011.
[32] Dudasova H,Derco J,Sumegova L,et al.Removal of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in mixture Delor 103 from wastewater by ozonation vs/and biological method[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,321:54-61.
[33] Chen F,Luo Z,Liu G,et al.Remediation of electronic waste polluted soil using a combination of persulfate oxidation and chemical washing[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,204:170-178.
[34] 戴知友,莫创荣,张金莲,等.基于响应面分析法研究Fe2O3对多氯联苯的降解效果[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2017(5):1943-1950.
[35] Lu S,Wu D,Wang Q,et al.Photocatalytic decomposition on nano-TiO2:Destruction of chloroaromatic compounds[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(9):1215-1224.
[36] Lei M,Wang N,Zhu L,et al.A peculiar mechanism for the photocatalytic reduction of decabromodiphenyl ether over reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 photocatalyst[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,241:207-215.
[37] Huang Q,Hong C S.TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of PCBs in soil-water systems containing fluoro surfactant[J].Chemosphere,2000,41(6):871-879.
[38] 马明.湿式氧化法处理含油废水研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2017.
[39] 张永利.催化湿式氧化法处理印染废水的研究[J].环境工程学报,2009(6):1011-1014.
[40] 周海云,崔卫方,姜伟立.超临界水氧化处理毒死蜱产生的缩合废水[J].科学技术与工程,2018(2):367-371.
[41] 张晓林,邹道安,池涌.十氯联苯的超(亚)临界水降解特性[J].环境科学学报,2015(7):2099-2106.
[42] 聂冬,金明姬,董微巍,等.高级氧化法在水处理领域中的应用研究[J].延边大学农学学报,2014(2):179-185.
[43] 张光明.超声波处理多氯联苯微污染技术研究[J].给水排水,2003(3):30-33.
[44] 卫建军.纳米级Pd/Fe双金属对水中氯酚的催化脱氯研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[45] 张珍.纳米级双金属体系对水中氯苯和多氯联苯的催化还原脱氯研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[46] 孙桂婷,陈红云,赵玲,等.多氯联苯降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性研究[J].生物技术通报,2018(8):1-7.
[47] 徐莉,滕应,骆永明,等.苜蓿根瘤菌对多氯联苯降解转化特性研究[J].环境科学,2010(1):255-259.
[48] 陈雄.附着剑菌对多氯联苯(PCBs)的生物吸附及生物降解机制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[49] Tu C,Teng Y,Luo Y,et al.PCB removal,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structures during the phytoremediation by alfalfa in field soils[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(4):649-656.
[50] Li X,Wang X,Wang W,et al.Profiles of organochlorine pesticides in earthworms from urban leisure areas of Beijing,China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2010,84(4):473-476.
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