世界头足类资源开发现状及我国远洋鱿钓渔业发展对策
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摘要
头足类是世界上最具开发潜力的渔业种类之一,已成为世界海洋捕捞业的重要组成。根据1970—2016年世界各国头足类生产统计数据,利用灰色关联方法,对世界头足类渔业及其组成进行了分析;结合我国远洋鱿钓渔业的发展状况,指出存在的问题并提出发展对策。分析认为:1970—2016年世界头足类捕捞产量总体上呈现出较为稳定的增长趋势,年增长率达到3.68%,远高于同期世界海洋捕捞产量的增长率,2014年达到历史最高产量。2010—2016年,头足类捕捞产量占世界捕捞产量的比重稳定在4.5%～6.0%。不同年代柔鱼科、枪乌贼科、乌贼科和章鱼科的产量组成及其比重有所差异,主要生产国家和地区的产量排序发生了很大的变化,2010年代各科所占比重依次为柔鱼类(58.41%)、枪乌贼类(11.98%)、章鱼类(8.92%)、乌贼类(8.40%)。亚洲在40多年的世界头足类渔业组成中地位极为重要,日本头足类产量从1970年代到1990年代的第1位下降到2010年代的第5位,我国从1970年代的第5位上升到2000年代和2010年代的第1位。对大洋性鱿鱼资源的认知能力、开发能力和掌控能力不足是制约我国远洋鱿钓渔业可持续发展的主要问题,为此提出建立与国际接轨的全球远洋渔业资源调查与生产性探捕的监测体系,研制全球远洋鱿钓渔业渔海况信息服务系统,建立自主产权的渔具及标准化装备体系,研发渔获品质控制技术与溯源体系,开展基于物联网工程的远洋渔业信息化建设,建立起我国主导研究的头足类渔业资源评估体系等建议与对策。
The cephalopods are one of the most potential fishing species in the world and have become an important component of the world's marine fishing industry. The world cephalopod fisheries and their composition were analysed using the grey association method based on the world cephalopod production statistics from 1970 to 2016. According to the development status of China's pelagic squid fishery, the problems are pointed out and the development countermeasures are put forward. The analysis found that the world's cephalopod fishing production in the period from 1970 to 2016 generally showed a relatively stable growth trend, with an annual growth rate of 3.68%, which is much higher than the growth rate of world marine fishing production in the same period, and reached its highest level ever in 2014. Between 2010 and 2016, the proportion of cephalopods in world fishing production stabilized between 4.5% and 6.0%. The composition and proportion of the production for different families have varied from one generation to another, and the production of main countries and areas has changed greatly. In the 2010 s, the proportion of each family was Ommastrephidae(58.41%), Loliginidae(11.98%), Octopodidae(8.92%), and Sepiidae(8.40%). Asia has played the important role in the cephalopod fishery in the world for more than 40 years. Japanese cephalopod production fell from 1 st in the 1970 s to 5 th in the 1990 s and 2010 s, and China rose from 5 th in the 1970 s to 1 st in the 2000 s and 2010 s. The lack of knowing, developing and controlling abilities over pelagic squid resources is a major constraint on the sustainable development of pelagic squid fisheries in China. Therefore, a global information service system should be developed on the fishing conditions of pelagic squid fisheries, a system for the standardization of fishing gear and equipment with independent property rights, the catch quality control technologies and traceability systems should be developed, information-based construction of ocean-going fisheries should be carried out based on Internet of Things projects, and the cephalopod fishery resources assessment system should be established.
The cephalopods are one of the most potential fishing species in the world and have become an important component of the world's marine fishing industry. The world cephalopod fisheries and their composition were analysed using the grey association method based on the world cephalopod production statistics from 1970 to 2016. According to the development status of China's pelagic squid fishery, the problems are pointed out and the development countermeasures are put forward. The analysis found that the world's cephalopod fishing production in the period from 1970 to 2016 generally showed a relatively stable growth trend, with an annual growth rate of 3.68%, which is much higher than the growth rate of world marine fishing production in the same period, and reached its highest level ever in 2014. Between 2010 and 2016, the proportion of cephalopods in world fishing production stabilized between 4.5% and 6.0%. The composition and proportion of the production for different families have varied from one generation to another, and the production of main countries and areas has changed greatly. In the 2010 s, the proportion of each family was Ommastrephidae(58.41%), Loliginidae(11.98%), Octopodidae(8.92%), and Sepiidae(8.40%). Asia has played the important role in the cephalopod fishery in the world for more than 40 years. Japanese cephalopod production fell from 1 st in the 1970 s to 5 th in the 1990 s and 2010 s, and China rose from 5 th in the 1970 s to 1 st in the 2000 s and 2010 s. The lack of knowing, developing and controlling abilities over pelagic squid resources is a major constraint on the sustainable development of pelagic squid fisheries in China. Therefore, a global information service system should be developed on the fishing conditions of pelagic squid fisheries, a system for the standardization of fishing gear and equipment with independent property rights, the catch quality control technologies and traceability systems should be developed, information-based construction of ocean-going fisheries should be carried out based on Internet of Things projects, and the cephalopod fishery resources assessment system should be established.
引文
[1] 陈新军,韩保平,刘必林,等.世界头足类资源及其渔业[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.CHEN X J,HAN B P,LIU B L,et al.World cephalopod resources and fisheries[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.
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[10] 李娜,陈新军.基于文献计量学的阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业生物学研究进展[J].广东海洋大学学报,2017,37(3):127-134.LI N,CHEN X J.Research progress on Illex argentinus fishery resources andbiology based on the bibliometric method[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2017,37(3):127-134.
[11] 魏广恩,陈新军.北太平洋(Ommastrephes bartramii)柔鱼资源渔场研究进展[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(6):114-122.WEI G E,CHEN X J.Review on neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) resources and fishing ground in the north Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(6):114-122.
[12] GONG Y,LI Y K,CHEN X J,et al.Gladius growth pattern and increment of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the tropical Pacific Ocean[J].Aquaculture and Fisheries,2018,3(4):156-162.
[13] LIU B L,LIN J Y,CHEN X J,et al.Inter- and intra-regional patterns of stable isotopes in Dosidicus gigas beak:Biological,geographical and environmental effects[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2018,69(3):464-472.
[14] 魏广恩,陈新军,李纲.西北太平洋柔鱼洄游重心年际变化及预测[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(4):573-583.WEI G E,CHEN X J,LI G.Interannual variation and forecasting of Ommastrephes bartramii migration gravity in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2018,27(4):573-583.
[15] 魏联,陈新军,雷林,等.西北太平洋柔鱼BP神经网络渔场预报模型比较研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(3):450-457.WEI L,CHEN X J,LEI L,et al.Comparative study on the forecasting models of squid fishing ground in the northwest Pacific Ocean based on BP artificial neural network[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(3):450-457.
[16] WANG J T,CHEN X J,CHEN Y.Projecting distributions of Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) in the Southwest Atlantic using a complex integrated model[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2018,37(8):31-37.
[17] 何珊,陈新军.渔业管理策略评价及应用研究进展[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(5):29-39.HE S,CHEN X J.Review on management strategy evaluation and its application in fishery[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(5):29-39.
[18] 张硕,李莉,陈新军.基于海表温因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源丰度预测模型比较[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):704-710.ZHANG S,LI L,CHEN X J.A comparative study on forecasting model of the stock abundance index for the winter-spawning cohort of Todarodes pacificus in the Pacific Ocean based on the factor of SST[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2018,42(5):704-710.
[19] FENG Y J,CHEN X J,GAO F,et al.Impacts of changing scale on Getis-Ord Gi* hotspots of CPUE:a case study of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2018,37(5):67-76.
[20] YU W,CHEN X J.Ocean warming-induced range-shifting of potential habitat for jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].Fisheries Research,2018,204:137-146.
[21] XU L L,CHEN X J,GUAN W J,et al.The impact of spatial autocorrelation on CPUE standardization between two different fisheries[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2018,36(3):973-980.
[22] YU W,YI Q,CHEN X J,et al.Climate-driven latitudinal shift in fishing ground of jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2017,38(12):3531-3550.
[2] 陈新军,刘必林,王尧耕.世界头足类[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.CHEN X J,LIU B L,WANG Y G.World cephalopod[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2009.
[3] 叶守建,周劲望,杨铭霞,等.全球头足类资源开发现状分析及发展建议[J].渔业信息与战略,2014,29(1):11-17.YE S J,ZHOU J W,YANG M X,et al.Exploitation of cephalopod resources in the world and development suggestion[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2014,29(1):11-17.
[4] FAO.捕捞产量统计网站[EB/OL].(2018-10-18).http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-capture-production/query/en.
[5] 陈新军.灰色系统理论在渔业科学中的应用[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.CHEN X J.Gray system application in fisheries science[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003.
[6] 酒井光夫,阿保纯一.アルゼンチンマツイカ-南西大西洋.平成29年度国際漁業資源の現況[EB/OL].(2018-10-18).http://kokushi.fra.go.jp/index-2.html.
[7] 陈新军,陆化杰,刘必林,等.大洋性柔鱼类资源开发现状及可持续利用的科学问题[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(5):831-840.CHEN X J,LU H J,LIU B L,et al.Current exploitation and some scientific issues in the sustainable utilization of Ommastrephidae[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2012,21(5):831-840.
[8] 乐家华,陈新军,王伟江.中国远洋渔业发展现状与趋势[J].世界农业,2016(7):226-229.LE J H,CHEN X J,WANG W J.China ocean fisheries development status and trends[J].World Agriculture,2016(7):226-229.
[9] 胡贯宇,方舟,陈新军.东太平洋茎柔鱼生活史研究进展[J].水产学报,2018,42(8):1315-1328.HU G Y,FANG Z,CHEN X J.Review on the life history of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2018,42(8):1315-1328.
[10] 李娜,陈新军.基于文献计量学的阿根廷滑柔鱼渔业生物学研究进展[J].广东海洋大学学报,2017,37(3):127-134.LI N,CHEN X J.Research progress on Illex argentinus fishery resources andbiology based on the bibliometric method[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2017,37(3):127-134.
[11] 魏广恩,陈新军.北太平洋(Ommastrephes bartramii)柔鱼资源渔场研究进展[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(6):114-122.WEI G E,CHEN X J.Review on neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) resources and fishing ground in the north Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(6):114-122.
[12] GONG Y,LI Y K,CHEN X J,et al.Gladius growth pattern and increment of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the tropical Pacific Ocean[J].Aquaculture and Fisheries,2018,3(4):156-162.
[13] LIU B L,LIN J Y,CHEN X J,et al.Inter- and intra-regional patterns of stable isotopes in Dosidicus gigas beak:Biological,geographical and environmental effects[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2018,69(3):464-472.
[14] 魏广恩,陈新军,李纲.西北太平洋柔鱼洄游重心年际变化及预测[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(4):573-583.WEI G E,CHEN X J,LI G.Interannual variation and forecasting of Ommastrephes bartramii migration gravity in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2018,27(4):573-583.
[15] 魏联,陈新军,雷林,等.西北太平洋柔鱼BP神经网络渔场预报模型比较研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(3):450-457.WEI L,CHEN X J,LEI L,et al.Comparative study on the forecasting models of squid fishing ground in the northwest Pacific Ocean based on BP artificial neural network[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(3):450-457.
[16] WANG J T,CHEN X J,CHEN Y.Projecting distributions of Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) in the Southwest Atlantic using a complex integrated model[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2018,37(8):31-37.
[17] 何珊,陈新军.渔业管理策略评价及应用研究进展[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(5):29-39.HE S,CHEN X J.Review on management strategy evaluation and its application in fishery[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(5):29-39.
[18] 张硕,李莉,陈新军.基于海表温因子的太平洋褶柔鱼冬生群资源丰度预测模型比较[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):704-710.ZHANG S,LI L,CHEN X J.A comparative study on forecasting model of the stock abundance index for the winter-spawning cohort of Todarodes pacificus in the Pacific Ocean based on the factor of SST[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2018,42(5):704-710.
[19] FENG Y J,CHEN X J,GAO F,et al.Impacts of changing scale on Getis-Ord Gi* hotspots of CPUE:a case study of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2018,37(5):67-76.
[20] YU W,CHEN X J.Ocean warming-induced range-shifting of potential habitat for jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].Fisheries Research,2018,204:137-146.
[21] XU L L,CHEN X J,GUAN W J,et al.The impact of spatial autocorrelation on CPUE standardization between two different fisheries[J].Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2018,36(3):973-980.
[22] YU W,YI Q,CHEN X J,et al.Climate-driven latitudinal shift in fishing ground of jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Peru[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2017,38(12):3531-3550.
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