浑河源头水源涵养林土壤优先流特征
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摘要
以浑河源头4种类型水源涵养林为研究对象,采用野外染色示踪和室内理化分析等研究方法,研究不同水源涵养林土壤优先流的形态特征与变化规律,揭示浑河源头水源涵养林保护和治理过程中优先流的形成机理及影响因素。结果表明:4个样地土壤优先流的入渗深度范围为30～38cm,且其深浅与根系的根长密度关系密切;0—10cm土层的土壤优先流染色面积比依次为82.41%,75.44%,91.03%,79.82%,土壤优先流染色面积比随土层深度的增加而减小,4个样地上层土壤显著大于下层土壤染色面积比;土壤优先流染色面积比与土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机质、总根长密度呈极显著或显著正相关,均影响着优先流的发生程度,并且得到土壤优先流染色面积比与其影响指标的多元函数关系;根据各主成分得分及其权重,得到水源涵养林土壤优先流特征综合得分为混交林地(3.134)>落叶松(1.660)>采伐迹地(-1.946)>红松(-2.847)。研究结果可为深入探究浑河源头水源涵养林的生态水文过程及植被建设提供科学依据。
Taking four types of water conservation forests at the Hunhe River source as the research object,the morphological characteristics and change regularity of soil preferential flow in different water conservation forests were studied by field dyeing tracer and indoor physicochemical analysis,to reveal the formation mechanism and influencing factors of preferential flow in the process of protection and management of water conservation forest.The results showed that the infiltration depth of the soil preferential flow ranged from 30 cm to 38 cm in the four plots,and its depth was closely related to root length density.The dyeing area ratios of soil preferential flows in0 —10 cm soil layer were 82.41%,75.44%,91.03% and 79.82%,respectively,and the dyeing area ratio of soil preferential flow decreased with the increasing of soil depth,and the dyeing area ratio of upper soil was significantly larger than that of the lower soil in the four plots.The dyeing area ratio of soil preferential flow was significantly or positively correlated with soil bulk density,total porosity,organic matter and total root length density,which all affected the occurrence degree of preferential flow,and got the multi-function relationship between the soil preferential flow dyeing area ratio and the influence index.According to the score and weight of each principal component,the comprehensive scores of soil priority flow characteristics of water conservation forests were mixed forest land(3.134)>larch forest(1.660)>cutting area(-1.946)>Korean pine forest(-2.847).The results could provide scientific basis for further study on ecological hydrological process and vegetation construction of water conservation forest at Hunhe River source.
Taking four types of water conservation forests at the Hunhe River source as the research object,the morphological characteristics and change regularity of soil preferential flow in different water conservation forests were studied by field dyeing tracer and indoor physicochemical analysis,to reveal the formation mechanism and influencing factors of preferential flow in the process of protection and management of water conservation forest.The results showed that the infiltration depth of the soil preferential flow ranged from 30 cm to 38 cm in the four plots,and its depth was closely related to root length density.The dyeing area ratios of soil preferential flows in0 —10 cm soil layer were 82.41%,75.44%,91.03% and 79.82%,respectively,and the dyeing area ratio of soil preferential flow decreased with the increasing of soil depth,and the dyeing area ratio of upper soil was significantly larger than that of the lower soil in the four plots.The dyeing area ratio of soil preferential flow was significantly or positively correlated with soil bulk density,total porosity,organic matter and total root length density,which all affected the occurrence degree of preferential flow,and got the multi-function relationship between the soil preferential flow dyeing area ratio and the influence index.According to the score and weight of each principal component,the comprehensive scores of soil priority flow characteristics of water conservation forests were mixed forest land(3.134)>larch forest(1.660)>cutting area(-1.946)>Korean pine forest(-2.847).The results could provide scientific basis for further study on ecological hydrological process and vegetation construction of water conservation forest at Hunhe River source.
引文
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[2]刘目兴,杜文正.山地土壤优先流路径的染色示踪研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(5):871-880.
[3]段晓倩,倪晨,陈姣,等.基于含水量高频监测的花岗岩崩岗侵蚀红壤优先流研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):82-88.
[4]牛健植.长江上游暗针叶林生态系统优先流机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2003.
[5]张财宝,刘目兴,王文德,等.三峡库区森林土壤优先流染色特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):80-84.
[6]刘立权.辽宁省水土流失重点防治区划分与防治对策[J].中国水土保持,2015(2):6-9.
[7]张昱.辽宁东部山区农村能源与水源基地建设关系的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[8]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤物理分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[9]张洪江.水土保持与荒漠化防治实践教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[10]牛健植.森林生态系统优先流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[11]高朝侠,徐学选,赵传普,等.土壤初始含水率对优先流的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(1):46-54.
[12]李伟莉,金昌杰,王安志,等.长白山北坡两种类型森林土壤的大孔隙特征[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1213-1218.
[13]Wildenschild D,Jensen K H,Villholth K,et al.A laboratory analysis of the effect of macropores on solute transport[J].Ground Water,2010,32(3):381-389.
[14]程金花,张洪江,史玉虎,等.长江三峡花岗岩区林地优先流影响因子分析[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):28-33.
[15]李金中,裴铁璠,牛丽华,等.森林流域坡地壤中流模型与模拟研究[J].林业科学,1999,35(4):3-9.
[16]Zhang H J,Cheng J H,Shi Y H,et al.The distribution of preferential paths and its relation to the soil characteristics in the Three Gorges Area,China[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2007,22(1):39-48.
[17]Ding G,Novak J M,Amarasiriwardena D,et al.Soil organic matter characteristics as affected by tillage management[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66(2):421-429.
[18]赵鹏,史东梅,赵培,等.紫色土坡耕地土壤团聚体分形维数与有机碳关系[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):137-144.
[19]程金花,张洪江,史玉虎,等.长江三峡花岗岩地区优先流对渗流和地表径流的作用[[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(2):18-23.
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