乌梁素海全季不同形态氮磷及浮游植物分布特征
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摘要
为监测乌梁素海全季不同形态氮磷及浮游植物分布特征,研究了乌梁素海2016年4—11月和2017年1月的不同形态氮磷和藻类的浓度变化。实验结果表明:总氮浓度秋季最高,总磷浓度冬季最高,应加强对河套灌区农事行为的管理以减少氮磷等营养盐排入;对乌梁素海12个监测点浮游植物镜检知共监测到浮游植物6门69属,全年以硅藻、绿藻种群占优势;乌梁素海各采样点浮游植物丰度在6.88×10~7—96.66×10~7cell·L~(-1)间变化,浮游植物各种群丰度表现为春冬季低,夏秋季高;空间采样点丰度值由大到小顺序为南部明水区和出水口、N13(芦苇区)、进水口附近点位和Q10(旅游区)。掌握全季不同形态氮磷及浮游植物分布特征对各季度有针对性地治理湖泊水体意义重大,为乌梁素海以及寒区富营养化湖泊的进一步修复提供理论支持与参考。
In order to monitor the distribution characteristics of different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and phytoplankton in Wuliangsuhai, the concentration changes of different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and algae in Wuliangsuhai from April to November 2016 and January 2017 were studied. The experimental results show that the total nitrogen concentration was the highest in autumn and the phosphorus concentration was the highest in winter. The management of farming behavior in Hetao Irrigation District should be strengthened to reduce the release of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. By microscopic examination of the phytoplankton collected in twelve monitoring sites of Wuliangsuhai Lake, the phytoplankton with 6 phyla and 69 genera are collected. The population of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta was dominant in the whole year. Variation range of phytoplankton individual density in every monitoring site was between 6.88×10~7 numbers per liter and 96.66×10~7 numbers per liter. Individual density of phytoplankton in the seasonal changes was low in spring and winter and high in summer and autumn. Individual density of phytoplankton in spatial distribution showed southern water area and the water outlet > N13(reed zone) > the point position near water inlet and Q10(tourism area). Mastering the distribution characteristics of different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and phytoplankton in the whole season is of great significance for the targeted treatment of lake water bodies in each quarter, and provides theoretical support and reference for the further restoration of eutrophic lakes in Wuliangsuhai and cold regions.
In order to monitor the distribution characteristics of different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and phytoplankton in Wuliangsuhai, the concentration changes of different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and algae in Wuliangsuhai from April to November 2016 and January 2017 were studied. The experimental results show that the total nitrogen concentration was the highest in autumn and the phosphorus concentration was the highest in winter. The management of farming behavior in Hetao Irrigation District should be strengthened to reduce the release of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. By microscopic examination of the phytoplankton collected in twelve monitoring sites of Wuliangsuhai Lake, the phytoplankton with 6 phyla and 69 genera are collected. The population of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta was dominant in the whole year. Variation range of phytoplankton individual density in every monitoring site was between 6.88×10~7 numbers per liter and 96.66×10~7 numbers per liter. Individual density of phytoplankton in the seasonal changes was low in spring and winter and high in summer and autumn. Individual density of phytoplankton in spatial distribution showed southern water area and the water outlet > N13(reed zone) > the point position near water inlet and Q10(tourism area). Mastering the distribution characteristics of different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and phytoplankton in the whole season is of great significance for the targeted treatment of lake water bodies in each quarter, and provides theoretical support and reference for the further restoration of eutrophic lakes in Wuliangsuhai and cold regions.
引文
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[21]CONLEY D J,PAERL H W,HAWARTH R W,et al.Controlling eutrophication:nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Science,2009,3235917:1014-1015.
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[24]孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海氮污染及其空间分布格局[J].地理研究,2006,(06):1003-1012.
[25]李红悦,李兴,管超,等.乌梁素海水质变化特征[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(14):82-85.
[26]张雯颖.乌梁素海营养盐在水体中的分布规律及污染预防研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014,27.
[27]NALEWAJKO C,MURPHYT P.Effects of temperature and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus on the abundance of Anabaena and Microcystis in Lake Biwa,Japana:an experimental approach[J].Limnology,2001,2(1):45-48.
[28]林秋奇,胡韧,韩博平,等.流溪河水库水动力学对营养盐和浮游植物分布的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2278-2284.
[29]肖溪,楼莉萍,李华,等.沉水植物化感作用控藻能力评述[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):705-712.
[2]李秋华,何伟添,陈椽,等.澳门湿地浮游植物群落特征[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):689-697.
[3]李秋华,商立海,李广辉,等.万峰湖浮游植物群落的时空分布[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):1031-1038.
[4]PACHECO J P,IGLESIAS C,MEERHOFF M,et al.Phytoplankton community structure in five subtropical shallow lakes with different trophic status(Uruguay):Amorphology-based approach[J].Hydrobiologia,2010,646:187-197.
[5]刘春学,杨树平,李发荣.基于时空地质统计学的滇池水质时空分布模拟[J].环境科学导刊,2009,28(6):40-43.
[6]郭蓉,吴长年,张宁红,等.京杭运河(苏州段)水质时空分布特征分析[J].四川环境,2010,29(5):10-13.
[7]周丰,郝泽嘉,郭怀成.香港东部近海水质时空分布模式[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(9):1517-1524.
[8]LINDIM C,PINHO J L,VIEIRA J M P.Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in a large reservoir using water quality and hydrodynamic modeling[J].Ecological Modelling,2011,222(14):2485-2494.
[9]李兴,勾芒芒.内蒙古乌梁素海“黄苔”暴发初探及防治对策[J].环境工程,2010,28(6):28-30.
[10]李建茹,李畅游,张生,等.乌梁素海春季浮游植物群落结构特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(6):1201-1208.
[11]李建茹,李畅游,李兴,等.乌梁素海浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的典型对应分析[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1032-1039.
[12]杨琼.乌梁素海夏季和秋季浮游植物群落及其与水质关系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2013:1-37.
[13]孙鑫鑫,刘惠荣,冯福应,等.乌梁素海富营养化湖区浮游细菌多样性及系统发育分析[J].生物多样性,2009,17(5):490-498.
[14]詹勇,李畅游,史小红,等.分形理论在乌梁素海湖泊水质评价中的应用[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(2):37-39,43.
[15]孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海氮污染及其空间分布格局[J].地理研究,2006,25(6):1003-101.
[16]姜忠峰.乌梁素海综合需水分析及生态系统健康评价[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011:22-32.
[17]黄祥飞,陈伟民,蔡启铭.湖泊生态调查观测与分析[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999:27-105.
[18]国家环境保护总局水和废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:88-284.
[19]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类-系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:23-903.
[20]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物图谱[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:35-178.
[21]CONLEY D J,PAERL H W,HAWARTH R W,et al.Controlling eutrophication:nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Science,2009,3235917:1014-1015.
[22]SCHINDLER D,FEE E.Experimental lakes area:whole-lake experiments in eutrophication[J].Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada,1974,315:937-953.
[23]HOME A J,GOLDMAN CR.LIMNOLOGY(Second Edition)[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,Inc.1994.
[24]孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海氮污染及其空间分布格局[J].地理研究,2006,(06):1003-1012.
[25]李红悦,李兴,管超,等.乌梁素海水质变化特征[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(14):82-85.
[26]张雯颖.乌梁素海营养盐在水体中的分布规律及污染预防研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014,27.
[27]NALEWAJKO C,MURPHYT P.Effects of temperature and availability of nitrogen and phosphorus on the abundance of Anabaena and Microcystis in Lake Biwa,Japana:an experimental approach[J].Limnology,2001,2(1):45-48.
[28]林秋奇,胡韧,韩博平,等.流溪河水库水动力学对营养盐和浮游植物分布的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2278-2284.
[29]肖溪,楼莉萍,李华,等.沉水植物化感作用控藻能力评述[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):705-712.
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