植物修复重金属和抗生素复合污染土壤微生物数量和酶活性的变化
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摘要
养殖废水污灌易引发土壤重金属和抗生素复合污染,为探索植物修复下复合污染土壤重金属和抗生素变化对土壤微生物活性的影响,利用锌镉超富集植物伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizincicola)修复贵阳市某复合污染菜地土壤,研究植物修复和常规种植模式下复合污染土壤微生物数量和酶活性。结果表明:伴矿景天修复后,土壤中重金属Zn、Cd和Pb总量分别降低13.2%、17.8%和12.2%;四环素、土霉素和强力霉素分别下降70.5%、57.4%和76.0%;磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶以及喹诺酮类氧氟沙星和恩诺沙星下降幅度为35.8%～62.3%;土壤细菌、真菌数量分别增加了18.8%和73.1%;土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶的活性分别提高了16.5%、65.4%和20.5%。常规种植芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)土壤中的重金属和抗生素含量也呈降低趋势,微生物数量和酶活性相应提高,但变化幅度小于伴矿景天修复土壤。在植物修复下土壤重金属含量降低,抗生素生物降解作用增强,污染物下降后,其对土壤微生物及酶的抑制减弱,可提高土壤生物活性,改善土壤微环境。
Irrigation with husbandry wastewater can lead to soil co-contamination by antibiotics and heavy metals and poses potential toxicological risks. In this study, we explored the effects of phytoremediation on biological activity in soils contaminated with heavy metals and antibiotics. Sedum plumbizincicola was used for remediation of the soil in a vegetable field in Guiyang that was co-contaminated. Changes in soil microbial populations and enzyme activities with phytoremediation and conventional cropping were examined. With S. plumbizincicola, the total amount of Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soil decreased by 13.2%, 17.8% and 12.2%; the concentration of tetracycline, oxytetracycline,and doxycycline decreased by 70.5%, 57.4%, and 76.0%, respectively; the concentration of sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfametoxydiazine, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin decreased between 35.8% and 62.3%; the biomass of soil bacteria and fungi increased by 18.8% and 73.1%, respectively; urease, catalase, and phosphatase activity increased by 16.5%, 65.4%, and 20.5%, respectively. In a normal celery(Apium graveolens L.)plantation field, the concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics also decreased, and the microbial biomass and enzyme activity increased. Compared with S. plumbizincicola remediation, the observed changes were much smaller with celery. These results indicate that phytoremediation could decrease the concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics, and increase the biodegradation of antibiotics, the microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, which improve the soil microenvironment.
Irrigation with husbandry wastewater can lead to soil co-contamination by antibiotics and heavy metals and poses potential toxicological risks. In this study, we explored the effects of phytoremediation on biological activity in soils contaminated with heavy metals and antibiotics. Sedum plumbizincicola was used for remediation of the soil in a vegetable field in Guiyang that was co-contaminated. Changes in soil microbial populations and enzyme activities with phytoremediation and conventional cropping were examined. With S. plumbizincicola, the total amount of Zn, Cd, and Pb in the soil decreased by 13.2%, 17.8% and 12.2%; the concentration of tetracycline, oxytetracycline,and doxycycline decreased by 70.5%, 57.4%, and 76.0%, respectively; the concentration of sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfametoxydiazine, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin decreased between 35.8% and 62.3%; the biomass of soil bacteria and fungi increased by 18.8% and 73.1%, respectively; urease, catalase, and phosphatase activity increased by 16.5%, 65.4%, and 20.5%, respectively. In a normal celery(Apium graveolens L.)plantation field, the concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics also decreased, and the microbial biomass and enzyme activity increased. Compared with S. plumbizincicola remediation, the observed changes were much smaller with celery. These results indicate that phytoremediation could decrease the concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics, and increase the biodegradation of antibiotics, the microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, which improve the soil microenvironment.
引文
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[2]刘君,韩志强.兽用抗生素的应用及监管对策[J].当代畜牧,2016(5):30-31.LIU Jun,HAN Zhi-qiang.Application of veterinary antibiotics and regulatory countermeasures[J].Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2016(5):30-31.
[3]赵英姿,徐振,颜冬云,等.大环内酯类抗生素在土壤中的迁移转化与毒性效应分析[J].土壤,2014,46(1):23-28.ZHAO Ying-zi,XU Zheng,YAN Dong-yun,et al.Analysis of migration,transformation and toxic effects of macrolides antibiotics in soils[J].Soils,2014,46(1):23-28.
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[5]Kumar R R,Park B J,Cho J Y.Application and environmental risks of livestock manure[J].Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry,2013,56(5):497-503.
[6]刘艳萍,刘鸿雁,吴龙华,等.贵阳市某蔬菜地养殖废水污灌土壤重金属,抗生素复合污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):1074-1082.LIU Yan-ping,LIU Hong-yan,WU Long-hua,et al.Co-contamination of heavy metals and antibiotics in soils under husbandry wastewater irrigation in Guiyang City[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(3):1074-1082.
[7]刘伟,王慧,陈小军,等.抗生素在环境中降解的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2009,30(3):89-94.LIU Wei,WANG Hui,CHEN Xiao-jun,et al.Progress on degradation of antibiotics in environment[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2009,30(3):89-94.
[8]赵方凯,杨磊,乔敏,等.土壤中抗生素的环境行为及分布特征研究进展[J].土壤,2017,49(3):428-436.ZHAO Fang-kai,YANG Lei,QIAO Min,et al.Environmental behavior and distribution of antibiotics in soils:A review[J].Soils,2017,49(3):428-436.
[9]陈小洁,李凤玉,郝雅宾.两种水生植物对抗生素污染水体的修复作用[J].亚热带植物科学,2012,41(4):1-7.CHEN Xiao-jie,LI Feng-yu,HAO Ya-bin.The preliminary exploration of remediation the antibiotics polluted water by two hydrophytes[J].Subtropical Plant Science,2012,41(4):1-7.
[10]裴孟,梁玉婷,易良银,等.黑麦草对土壤中残留抗生素的降解及其对微生物活性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):3179-3186.PEI Meng,LIANG Yu-ting,YI Liang-yin,et al.Degradation of residual antibiotics in soils by ryegrass and its effect on microbial activity[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(5):3179-3186.
[11]潘澄,滕应,骆永明,等.紫花苜蓿、海州香薷及伴矿景天对多氯联苯与重金属复合污染土壤的修复作用[J].土壤学报,2012,49(5):1062-1067.PAN Cheng,TENG Ying,LUO Yong-ming,et al.Effects of Medicago sativa,Elsholtzia splendens and Sedum plumbizincicola remedying soils contaminated with both polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2012,49(5):1062-1067.
[12]能凤娇,吴龙华,刘鸿雁,等.芹菜与伴矿景天间作对污泥农用锌镉污染土壤化学与微生物性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(5):1428-1434.NENG Feng-jiao,WU Long-hua,LIU Hong-yan,et al.Effects of intercropping Sedum plumbizincicola and apium graceolens on the soil chemical and microbiological properties under the contamination of zinc and cadmium from sewage sludge application[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(5):1428-1434.
[13]李立平,田会阳,卢一富,等.添加剂对伴矿景天修复石灰性铅冶炼污染土壤的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1858-1865.LI Li-ping,TIAN Hui-yang,LU Yi-fu,et al.Influence of amendments on Sedum plumbizincicola phytoextraction of metals from a lead-smelting polluted calcareous soil[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(6):1858-1865.
[14]Huang Y J,Cheng M M,Li W H,et al.Simultaneous extraction of four classes of antibiotics in soil,manure and sewage sludge and analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrome try with the isotope-labelled internal standard method[J].Analytical Methods,2013,5(15):3721-3731.
[15]袁丽红.微生物学实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.YUAN Li-hong.Laboratory experiments in microbiology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2010.
[16]李振高.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.LI Zhen-gao.Soil and environmental microbiology research[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:北京农业出版社,1986.GUAN Song-yin.Soil enzyme and its research method[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1986.
[18]Schinner F,Hlinger R,Kandeler E,et al.Methods in soil biology[M].Berlin:Springer 2 Verlag,1996.
[19]章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.ZHANG Jia-en.Common experimental research methods and techniques in ecology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2007.
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU Ru-kun.Soil agricultural analysis protocoes[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
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[22]程晨.镉污染酸性红壤植物吸取与钝化修复长效性研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2017.CHENG Chen.Long-acting study on absorption and passivation of cadmium-contaminated acid red soil[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2017.
[23]汤贝贝,张振华,卢信,等.养殖废水中抗生素的植物修复研究进展[J].江苏农业学报,2017,33(1):224-232.TANG Bei-bei,ZHANG Zhen-hua,LU Xin,et al.Advances in phytoremediation of antibiotics in breeding wastewater[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,33(1):224-232.
[24]Muthusaravanan S,Sivarajasekar N,Vivek J S,et al.Phytoremediation of heavy metals:mechanisms,methods and enhancements[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2018,16:1339-1359.
[25]Jean P S.Phytoremediation of soils contaminated by organic compounds:hype,hope and facts[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2017,17(5):1492-1502.
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